Of 2,429 studies examining whole body / general, 93% found measurable biological effects from EMF exposure.
Research found effects on whole body / general at exposures as low as:
When 95% of nearly 3,800 peer-reviewed studies document biological effects from electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure, we're looking at a weight of evidence that demands attention. This isn't fringe science or industry speculation-it's the consistent finding across independent research examining how radiofrequency radiation, extremely low frequency fields, and other non-ionizing EMF sources interact with human physiology. The question isn't whether effects occur, but which ones matter most to you and your family. The documented effects span multiple biological systems.
That's what the evidence shows across the 3,798 studies in our whole body research collection: 3,591 of them identified biological changes in response to electromagnetic field exposure.
Research on chicken embryos exposed to both ELF and RF radiation demonstrated 27% less protective protein production after repeated exposures, indicating compromised cellular defense mechanisms.
Source: BioInitiative Working Group. BioInitiative Report: A Rationale for Biologically-based Public Exposure Standards for Electromagnetic Radiation. Edited by Cindy Sage and David O. Carpenter, BioInitiative, 2012, updated 2020. www.bioinitiative.org
Showing 2,816 studies
T.T. · 1990
Researchers reviewed biological effects of static magnetic fields and found no specific target organ for deleterious effects at present. A documented effect is the induction of electrical potentials in major arteries during exposure, with 60 mT producing a 1 mV potential in the human aorta. Pacemaker reed switches can close at 1.7 mT, so wearers should be excluded from fields exceeding 1.0 mT.
Goldoni J · 1990
Researchers studied 14 male radar technicians who had been exposed to pulsed microwaves for 7 to 14 years. They compared these workers with 10 male electronic technicians who worked at the same airport but far from microwave sources. After two years, the exposed workers showed a significant decrease in thrombocyte and leukocyte counts, and their leukocyte and erythrocyte counts were significantly lower than in the control group. There was no significant difference in reticulocyte and lymphocyte counts between the groups.
Ray S, Behari J · 1990
Researchers studied the effects of exposure to sublethal levels of microwaves. Young albino rats of both sexes were exposed for 60 days to 7.5-GHz microwaves at 0.6 mW/cm2 for 3 hours daily. The exposed animals tended to eat and drink less and showed a smaller gain in body weight. Some hematological parameters and organ weights were significantly different in exposed rats. The authors proposed that a nonspecific stress response mediated through the central nervous system caused the changes.
Not specified · 1989
It details how Brodeur misrepresents Marino's mouse research and the Navy ELF project. It also shows that Brodeur misrepresents the Wertheimer-Leeper, Savitz, and Tomenius epidemiological studies. The review concludes that when all residential epidemiological studies are considered, the evidence does not support a causal link between EMF exposure and human cancer. It also criticizes Brodeur's coverage of laboratory studies on ODC enzyme activity, calcium efflux, and chick embryos for ignoring contradictory evidence and replication failures.
Marko Markov · 1989
Indira Nair, M. Granger Morgan, H. Keith Florig · 1989
Unknown authors · 1989
Joseph D. Bowman et al. · 1988
Researchers took spot measurements of extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields at 114 work sites across several electrical worker occupations and at 18 residences for comparison. Magnetic field exposures were significantly higher than residential levels in most electrical worker categories, with the highest reading of 1250 x 10^-7 Tesla on a battery-powered forklift operator. Electric field exposures exceeded residential levels in only 25% of measurements, limited to power line workers, power station operators, and TV repairers.
Unknown authors · 1988
Unknown authors · 1988
Nine men were exposed to 4.1 GHz radio-frequency radiation in an accident. Two men were exposed to 4.6 mW/cm2 for up to 90 minutes, exceeding the Australian standard of 1 mW/cm2, while seven others received lower exposures. Comprehensive medical examinations, including follow-up ophthalmological exams over nine months, were performed on all staff. Various abnormalities were found in all staff, but there was no consistent gradient of effect between exposure groups except possibly for hair loss. The investigators concluded that the exposure had not resulted in harmful effects.
D'Andrea JA, DeWitt JR, Portuguez LM, Gandhi OP. · 1988
Two experiments tested whether frequency-specific hotspot formation in the body and tail of rats would have behavioral consequences. Rats were placed in a cage where occupying one side triggered microwave exposure and occupying the other side ended it. Reduced exposure to 360-MHz and 2450-MHz microwaves at 1, 2, 6 and 10 W/kg were significantly different from 700-MHz microwaves. A second experiment found the threshold for reduced exposure to 2450-MHz microwaves fell between whole-body SARs of 2.1 and 2.8 W/kg.
T. S. Tenforde, W. T. Kaune · 1987
Kjell Hansson Mild et al. · 1987
Unknown authors · 1987
Typical power densities near residences did not exceed 100 pW/cm², and the highest level along Cedar Lake Road was 580 pW/cm², below the FCC guideline of 1,000 pW/cm². Near the KYGO-FM tower base, a level of 10,000 pW/cm² was found, with exceedances over a large area in a residential zone accessible to the public.
Unknown authors · 1987
During the week of September 22, 1986, EPA and FCC personnel investigated radiofrequency radiation intensities near the Lookout Mountain antenna farms west of Denver, Colorado. Typical power densities near several area residences did not exceed 100 pW/cm², and the highest value along Cedar Lake Road was 580 pW/cm², which is below the 1000 pW/cm² FCC guideline. Near the base of the KYGO-FM tower, a 10,000 pW/cm² value was found and power densities exceeding 1,000 pW/cm² were measured over a large area in a residential area accessible to the public. EPA urged the FCC to order KYGO to correct the problem as soon as possible.
P. P. Lele et al. · 1987
Louis N. Heynick · 1987
Bernhard E. Keiser, A.K. Guthrie · 1987
Unknown authors · 1986
The EPA proposed four alternative approaches to limit public exposure to radiofrequency radiation. Three options are regulatory and would set whole-body average SAR limits of 0.04, 0.08, and 0.4 W/kg for frequencies above 3 MHz. For frequencies below 3 MHz, the regulatory options would limit electric field intensity to 87, 275, and 614 V/m and magnetic field intensity to 0.23, 0.73, and -1.63 A/m respectively. The fourth option is nonregulatory and would use information and technical assistance programs instead of adopting Federal Guidance.
M. Granger Morgan · 1986
Government agencies invested heavily in research examining whether 60-hertz electromagnetic fields from power lines pose health risks. The research demonstrated that low-frequency fields can produce changes in living systems under specific circumstances but has not demonstrated that a hazard exists. Laboratory animal screening studies largely failed to find adverse health impacts, and epidemiological studies linking long-term exposure to cancers were inconclusive. The scientific evidence neither clearly indicates a significant risk nor clearly indicates little or no risk from 60-hertz field exposures.
Richard D. Phillips · 1986
Michael Kachmar · 1986
Chung-Kwang Chou, John A. McDougall, Arthur W. Guy · 1986
Researchers measured the shielding effectiveness of a microwave protective suit by testing fabric attenuation in waveguides and by measuring electric field reduction at ten locations on a phantom man model exposed to 915 MHz and 2450 MHz radiation. When worn on the phantom, the suit provided at least 20 dB attenuation at 915 MHz at the head and torso and at least 25 dB at 2450 MHz at all ten measured locations. Washing the fabric reduced its attenuation: ten home or industrial washes caused a 3 to 5 dB drop for the warp direction, and 25 industrial washes decreased attenuation by about 6 dB for both warp and fill directions.
Martino Grandolfo · 1986
Donald M. Witters, Daniel H. Schaubert, Mary K. Barrick · 1986
For a comprehensive exploration of EMF health effects including whole body / general, along with practical protection strategies, explore these books by R Blank and Dr. Martin Blank.
