The effects of microwaves - A preliminary investigation
Boyle AC, Cook HF, Buchanan TJ · 1950
Research on EMF in educational settings - WiFi networks, Chromebooks, and interactive whiteboards.
## School and Classroom EMF Sources Modern classrooms have transformed into technology-rich environments where students and teachers spend 6-8 hours daily surrounded by multiple EMF-emitting devices. Today's educational settings typically feature WiFi networks broadcasting throughout the building, individual laptops or Chromebooks for each student, interactive whiteboards at the front of the room, and various Bluetooth-enabled devices for presentations and connectivity.
Boyle AC, Cook HF, Buchanan TJ · 1950
Herbert Jonas · 1950
A. C. BOYLE, H. R. COOK, T. J. BUCHANAN · 1950
This 1950 British investigation by A.C. Boyle represents one of the earliest scientific examinations of microwave radiation's biological effects on humans. Published just five years after World War II, when radar technology introduced widespread microwave exposure, this preliminary research helped establish the foundation for understanding how these electromagnetic fields interact with human biology.
W. H. Oldendorf · 1949
W. W. Salisbury, John W. Clark, H. M. Hines · 1948
H. Schwan · 1948
This 1948 research by Schwan examined how temperature affects the dielectric properties of human blood when exposed to low-frequency electromagnetic fields. The study investigated how blood's electrical characteristics change with temperature variations, providing foundational data for understanding how EMF interacts with biological tissues. This early work helped establish the scientific basis for measuring electromagnetic effects in living systems.
C. J. Imig, J. D. Thomson, H. M. Hines · 1948
OSBORNE, SL, FREDERICK, MS · 1948
Horvath SM, Miller RN, Hutt BK · 1948
This 1948 study by Horvath examined how microwave radiation heats human tissues, investigating temperature gradients and thermal effects in the body. The research explored microwave diathermy applications and measured tissue temperature changes during exposure. This represents some of the earliest scientific investigation into how microwave energy interacts with human biology.
H. S. ETTER, R. H. PUDENZ, I. GERSH · 1947
URSULA M. LEDEN et al. · 1947
K. S. Lion · 1947
CIGNOLINI, P · 1947
de Seguin L., Castelain G. · 1947
Lion KS · 1947
This 1947 research investigated how metals present in biological tissues affect heating patterns during diathermy treatment, which uses radiofrequency electromagnetic fields for therapeutic heating. The study examined whether metal implants or naturally occurring metals in tissues could concentrate electromagnetic fields and create dangerous hot spots. This early work helped establish safety protocols for electromagnetic medical treatments.
H. Schaefer, H. Schwan · 1947
Willis Jackson · 1946
Johan E. Nyrop · 1946
T. M. Caffaratto · 1946
Hugh Fleming · 1944
Kenneth S. Cole, Robert H. Cole · 1941
This 1941 technical study by K.S. Cole examined how dielectric materials (insulators like those in electronic devices) respond to alternating current electrical fields. The research explored fundamental properties like dielectric constants and relaxation times that determine how materials absorb and scatter electromagnetic energy.
HERBERT J. JOHNSON · 1940
FRANK HAMMOND KRUSEN, M.D. · 1939
Ultra-short waves showed no selective temperature or electromagnetic effects on staphylococci and streptococci in vitro across various media and exposure times up to eight and a half hours. Clinical measurements during pelvic treatment found no pronounced heat effect in the bladder, vagina, or rectum despite noticeable skin heating and patient sensations of heat. Fire hazards were documented when electrode insulation burst into flame and when cables contacted each other, burning a patient and a technician.
Prof. W. E. Curtis, F.R.S., Dr. F. Dickens, and S. F. Evans · 1936
TIBOR DE CHOLNOKY, M.D. · 1935