Oberto G et al. · 2007
Researchers conducted an 18-month carcinogenicity study in Pim1 transgenic mice exposed to pulsed 900 MHz RF radiation at whole-body SAR levels of 0.5, 1.4, or 4.0 W/kg. A total of 500 mice, 50 per sex per group, were exposed, sham-exposed, or used as cage controls, and the study was conducted blind. The study found no effect of the RF radiation on tumor incidence at any site and did not confirm the earlier report of increased lymphomas in Repacholi et al.
Klaeboe L, Blaasaas KG, Tynes T. · 2007
Researchers tested whether radio-frequency electromagnetic fields from mobile phones increase the incidence of gliomas, meningiomas, and acoustic neuromas in adults. They collected detailed mobile phone use information from 289 glioma patients, 207 meningioma patients, 45 acoustic neuroma patients, and 358 controls. For regular mobile phone use defined as at least once a week for at least six months, the odds ratios were 0.6 for gliomas, 0.8 for meningiomas, and 0.5 for acoustic neuromas. No increasing trend was observed for gliomas or acoustic neuromas with longer duration, time since first use, or cumulative use. The results indicate that mobile phone use is not associated with an increased risk of these tumors.
Kan P, Simonsen SE, Lyon JL, Kestle JR. · 2007
Researchers conducted a meta-analysis of nine case-control studies with 5,259 brain tumor cases and 12,074 controls to examine cellular phone use and brain tumor risk. The pooled analysis showed an overall odds ratio of 0.90 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.81 to 0.99 for cellular phone use and brain tumor development. For long-term users of ten years or more, the pooled odds ratio was 1.25 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.01 to 1.54 based on five studies. No increased risk was observed for analog or digital cellular phone users.
Juutilainen J, Heikkinen P, Soikkeli H, Mäki-Paakkanen J. · 2007
Hardell L et al. · 2007
A case-control study investigated the risk of testicular cancer in relation to use of cellular and cordless telephones. The analysis included 542 seminoma cases, 346 non-seminoma cases, and 870 controls. For seminoma, odds ratios were 1.2 for analog phones, 1.3 for digital phones, and 1.1 for cordless phones. For non-seminoma, odds ratios were 0.7 for analog phones, 0.9 for digital phones, and 1.0 for cordless phones. There was no dose-response effect and odds ratios did not increase with latency time.
Roosli M, Michel G, Kuehni CE, Spoerri A · 2007
Researchers used Swiss national mortality registry data from 1969 to 2002 to calculate age-standardized brain tumour mortality rates per 100,000 person-years. The study period was split before and after 1987 when analogue mobile technology was introduced. Over the whole period, mortality increased significantly in older age groups (60-74 and 75+ years) but not in younger groups. From 1987 onward, brain tumour mortality rates were relatively stable in all age groups.
Lahkola A et al. · 2007
Researchers conducted a population-based case-control study of 1,522 glioma patients and 3,301 controls. Regular mobile phone use was not associated with increased glioma risk (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.68–0.91). No significant associations were found for duration of use, years since first use, cumulative calls, or cumulative hours, though a linear trend showed a small increase per 100 hours of cumulative use (OR = 1.006 (1.002, 1.010) per 100 hr). For more than 10 years of use on the same side as the tumor, a borderline significant increased odds ratio of 1.39 (95% CI: 1.01–1.92) was observed, while use on the opposite side showed no increase (OR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.71–1.37).
Hours M et al. · 2007
Cases were histologically confirmed or based on radiological images, and controls were matched for gender, age, and residence, drawn from electoral rolls. Detailed exposure information was collected via face-to-face interviews, and conditional logistic regression estimated odds ratios. Regular cell phone use was not associated with increased risk of neuroma, meningioma, or glioma. A tendency for increased glioma risk was observed among the heaviest users, but the study had limited statistical power and results need verification in the international analysis.
Hardell LO et al. · 2007
Researchers reviewed two cohort studies and 16 case-control studies on cellular phone use and brain tumour risk, focusing on use for 10 or more years and ipsilateral exposure. The cohort study was considered of limited value due to methodological shortcomings, and most case-control results were based on low numbers. Four case-control studies found an association with acoustic neuroma for at least 10 years' use, while six studies reported increased odds ratios for malignant brain tumours, especially for ipsilateral exposure. A meta-analysis found ipsilateral cell phone use for 10 or more years yielded an odds ratio of 2.4 for acoustic neuroma and 2.0 for glioma.
Hansson Mild K, Hardell L, Carlberg M. · 2007
The study presents a pooled analysis of two case-control studies on the association of brain tumours with mobile phone use. Use of analogue cellular phones increased the risk for acoustic neuroma by 5% per 100 hours of use. The risk increased for astrocytoma grade III-IV with latency period, with highest estimates for more than 10 years since first use. Risk increased per year of use for analogue phones by 10%, digital phones by 11%, and cordless phones by 8%. For all studied phone types, odds ratios for brain tumours, mainly acoustic neuroma and malignant brain tumours, increased with latency period, especially for astrocytoma grade III-IV.
Ha M, Im H, Lee M, Kim HJ, Kim BC, Gimm YM, Pack JK. · 2007
Researchers selected leukemia and brain cancer patients under age 15 and matched controls from 14 South Korean hospitals using the Medical Insurance Data System. Exposure to RFR from 31 AM transmitters of at least 20 kW was estimated using a GIS-based prediction program calibrated with measurements. The odds ratio for all leukemia was 2.15 for children within 2 km of the nearest transmitter versus those beyond 20 km. For total RFR exposure, lymphocytic leukemia odds ratios were 1.39 and 1.59 in the second and third quartiles versus the lowest, and brain cancer was not associated with AM RFR.
Avdikos A et al. · 2007
The isolated leiomyosarcoma cells were cultured and exposed to a resonant low intensity radiofrequency EMF at frequencies between 10 kHz to 120 kHz for 45 minutes daily over two consecutive days. Three-month-old female Wistar rats were inoculated with leiomyosarcoma cells that had been exposed or not exposed to the EMF. Rats exposed to resonant EMF after tumor appearance (EG-I) showed tumor regression to 66% incidence and had longer survival and slower tumor growth than the other groups.
Tillmann T et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed 1170 B6C3F1 mice to GSM signals at 902 MHz and DCS signals at 1747 MHz for 2 h per day, 5 days per week over 2 years at SAR levels of 0.4, 1.3, and 4.0 mW/g. Pairwise Fisher's test showed no significant increase in any tumor type in RF-exposed groups compared to sham-exposed groups. Observed tumor rates were within the range of historical control data for untreated mice.
Unknown authors · 2006
This paper is a meta-analysis of data from in vitro studies and short-term animal studies that have combined extremely low frequency magnetic fields with known carcinogens or other toxic physical or chemical agents. The data was analyzed by systematic comparison of study characteristics between positive and negative studies to reveal possible consistent patterns. The majority of the studies reviewed were positive, suggesting that magnetic fields do interact with other chemical and physical exposures. A nonlinear dose-response was found, showing a minimum percentage of positive studies at fields between 1 and 3 mT. The radical pair mechanism is a good candidate mechanism for explaining the biphasic dose-response seen in the analysis.
Unknown authors · 2006
The comment was published in Bioelectromagnetics in December 2006. The authors are Kheifets, Mezei, and Greenland from the University of California, Los Angeles.
Unknown authors · 2006
Most epidemiological studies have indicated little or no overall effect of EMF exposure. But some early studies suggested effects among premenopausal women, particularly for estrogen receptor positive breast tumors. A recent very large occupational study with improved exposure assessment and enough statistical power also for subgroup analyses found no indications of increased risks in any subgroups. Most of the recent well-designed residential studies report no increased risks, and similar findings are reported in the majority of studies of bed heating devices.
Unknown authors · 2006
Researchers conducted a population-based case-control study covering areas with 54% of Japanese children, analyzing 312 cases of acute lymphoblastic or myelocytic leukemia and 603 matched controls. Weekly mean magnetic field levels were measured in the child's bedroom, with measurements for each case-control set taken close in time to control for seasonal variation. The odds ratio for all leukemia combined was 2.6 (95% CI 0.76–8.6) and for acute lymphoblastic leukemia alone was 4.7 (95% CI 1.15–19.0) for bedroom fields of 0.4 μT or higher versus below 0.1 μT.
Unknown authors · 2006
They examined trends in EMF exposure and leukemia rates separately and then compared the two trends. Both incidence rates and exposures increased, but the many approximations and assumptions prevent the ecologic evidence from providing meaningful evidence for or against a causal link.
Unknown authors · 2006
Researchers estimated the possible public health impact of ELF exposure on childhood leukemia using attributable fractions. They used ELF exposure distributions from various countries and dose-response functions from two pooled analyses. Attributable fractions remained below 10%, with point estimates from less than 1% to about 4%. Worldwide, 100 to 2,400 childhood leukemia cases were possibly attributable to ELF exposure.
Unknown authors · 2006
Unknown authors · 2006
Researchers conducted six case-control studies from the late 1990s on brain tumours, salivary gland tumours, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and testicular cancer, assessing exposure via self-administered questionnaires. For acoustic neuroma, analogue phones gave an odds ratio of 2.9 (95% CI 2.0–4.3), digital phones 1.5 (95% CI 1.1–2.1), and cordless phones 1.5 (95% CI 1.04–2.0). For astrocytoma grade III-IV, analogue phones gave an odds ratio of 1.7 (95% CI 1.3–2.3), digital phones 1.5 (95% CI 1.2–1.9), and cordless phones 1.5 (95% CI 1.1–1.9). Odds ratios rose with longer latency, peaking at over 10 years since first use, while lower odds ratios were seen for astrocytoma grade I-II. No association was found for salivary gland tumours, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, or testicular cancer.
Takebayashi T et al. · 2006
Regular mobile phone use showed no significant increase in risk, with an odds ratio of 0.73 (95% CI 0.43 to 1.23). No increase in risk was observed for cumulative years of use or cumulative call time.
Wang LL, Chen GD, Lu DQ, Chiang H, Xu ZP. · 2006
Researchers intermittently exposed MCF-7 cells to GSM 1800 MHz RF EMF modulated by 217 Hz for 24 hours at SARs of 2.0 W/kg or 3.5 W/kg. A small number of differentially expressed genes were found after exposure. Reproducible analysis yielded no genes at 2.0 W/kg and five up-regulated genes at 3.5 W/kg. The five genes identified at 3.5 W/kg could not be confirmed by RT-PCR. The authors concluded that the study did not provide clear evidence of distinct gene expression changes under the experimental conditions.
Shen YH, Yu D, Fu YT, Chiang H. · 2006
Five hundred female Sprague Dawley rats received a single dose of 35 mg/kg DMBA and were divided into five groups with SARs of 0, 0.44, 1.33, and 4.00 W/kg, exposed for 4 hours per day, 5 days per week for 26 weeks. The sham-exposure group had a 37% carcinoma incidence, while the exposure groups at 0.44, 1.33, and 4.00 W/kg had incidences of 25%, 34%, and 38% respectively, with no statistically significant differences between groups. The authors concluded that the study did not provide evidence that 900 MHz GSM microwave exposure promotes DMBA-induced mammary tumor development in rats.
Schüz J et al. · 2006
Researchers followed a nationwide cohort of 420,095 Danish cellular telephone subscribers from 1982 to 1995 through 2002 for cancer incidence. A total of 14,249 cancers were observed with a standardized incidence ratio of 0.95 (95% CI 0.93 to 0.97) for men and women combined. Cellular telephone use was not associated with increased risk for brain tumors, acoustic neuromas, salivary gland tumors, eye tumors, or leukemias. Among long-term subscribers of 10 years or more, there was no increased risk for brain tumors and no trend with time since first subscription. Smoking-related cancer risk was decreased among men but increased among women.
