Schuz J et al. · 2006
Researchers conducted a population-based case-control study in Germany with 747 brain tumor cases and 1494 matched controls aged 30 to 69 years. Exposure was assessed by the location of a DECT cordless phone base station close to the bed as a proxy for continuous low-level radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure during the night. Estimated odds ratios were 0.82 (95% CI 0.29-2.33) for glioma and 0.83 (0.29-2.36) for meningioma, with no increasing risk observed with longer exposure duration.
Schuz J et al. · 2006
Researchers conducted a population-based case-control study in three German regions, enrolling 366 glioma cases, 381 meningioma cases, and 1,494 controls. Overall cellular phone use was not associated with brain tumor risk, with odds ratios of 0.98 for glioma and 0.84 for meningioma. Among long-term users of 10 or more years, glioma risk was elevated (odds ratio 2.20) but meningioma risk was not, and cordless phone use showed no association with either tumor.
Qutob SS et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed U87MG glioblastoma cells to a 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated RF field for 4 hours at SARs of 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 W/kg to assess global gene expression. No evidence was found that non-thermal RF fields affect gene expression in these cells compared to nonirradiated controls. Heat shock at 43°C for 1 hour up-regulated typical stress-responsive genes in the positive control group.
Muscat JE, Hinsvark M, Malkin M · 2006
Researchers analyzed time trends in age-adjusted incidence rates of adult neuronal cancers using SEER data from 1973 to 2002. The rates did not change during this period despite an exponential increase in mobile phone subscriptions starting in 1984. The results indicate that mobile phone use is unrelated to the risk of neuronal cancers.
Lonn S et al. · 2006
Researchers conducted a population-based case-control study in Denmark and certain parts of Sweden, enrolling 60 malignant parotid gland tumor cases, 112 benign pleomorphic adenoma cases, and 681 controls. For regular mobile phone use, the risk estimates were 0.7 (95% confidence interval: 0.4, 1.3) for malignant tumors and 0.9 (95% confidence interval: 0.5, 1.5) for benign tumors. Similar results were observed for more than 10 years of use, and the authors concluded that the data do not support an increased risk of parotid gland tumors from mobile phone use.
Lahkola A, Tokola K, Auvinen A. · 2006
Researchers conducted a meta-analysis of 12 studies with 2780 cases to assess mobile phone use and intracranial tumor risk. The pooled odds ratio for all intracranial tumors was 0.98 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.83 to 1.16. For gliomas the pooled odds ratio was 0.96, for meningiomas 0.87, and for acoustic neuromas 1.07. Little indication was found for increased risks from analogue or digital phone use or for temporal or occipital tumors. The evidence does not indicate a substantially increased risk of intracranial tumors from mobile phone use for at least 5 years.
Hepworth SJ et al. · 2006
Researchers conducted a case-control study with 966 glioma cases and 1716 controls to investigate the risk of glioma in relation to mobile phone use. The overall odds ratio for regular phone use was 0.94 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.78 to 1.13, indicating no increased risk. However, ipsilateral phone use was associated with a significant excess risk (odds ratio 1.24, 1.02 to 1.52) while contralateral use showed a significant reduction in risk (odds ratio 0.75, 0.61 to 0.93).
Heikkinen et al. · 2006
RF radiation did not significantly affect mortality or organ-specific tumor incidence. The only significant difference was an increase in vascular tumors of the mesenteric lymph nodes in the high-RF group, but this was attributed to an unusually low rate in the sham group. Non-neoplastic findings showed isolated significant differences in lacrimal glands, lungs, liver, and skin, considered unrelated to RF radiation. The authors concluded that the results do not support co-carcinogenic effects of low-level long-term RF radiation exposure in rats.
Zook BC,Simmens SJ. · 2006
Researchers exposed offspring of pregnant rats treated with ENU to pulsed RF signal for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week. The 1080 rats were randomized into pulsed RF, sham, and cage control groups. Postmortem examination found no effect of RF exposure on incidence, malignancy, volume, multiplicity, latency, or fatality of any neurogenic tumor.
Vrijheid M, Deltour I, Krewski D, Sanchez M, Cardis E. · 2006
The study used Monte Carlo simulations within the INTERPHONE study to examine how recall errors and selection bias affect case-control studies of mobile phone use and cancer. Results suggest that random recall errors of plausible levels can lead to a large underestimation of brain cancer risk, and random errors were found to have a larger impact than plausible systematic errors. Selection bias from underselecting unexposed controls produced J-shaped exposure-response patterns where risk appeared to decrease at low to moderate exposure levels.
Vrijheid M et al. · 2006
Salahaldin AH, Bener A. · 2006
Researchers reviewed all acoustic neuroma cases registered at Hamad Medical Corporation during 2004-2005 to describe the epidemiology in Qatar. They diagnosed 13 patients, 10 women with a median age of 55 years and 3 men with a median age of 49 years. Most patients used cell phones daily an average of 14 times per day for more than 5 years, while 3 patients used them excessively for more than 20 minutes per call more than five times daily. The total incidence rate was 17.2 per million population, which the authors concluded is slightly higher than in other countries.
Linet MS et al. · 2006
Researchers used a questionnaire to assess cellular telephone use in 551 non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases and 462 population controls. Compared to never users, the odds ratios for non-Hodgkin lymphoma were close to 1.0 for all categories of lifetime use, indicating no increased risk. The study also found little evidence linking cellular telephone use to specific non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma or follicular lymphoma. The authors noted that less than 5% of the population reported using cellular telephones for six or more years or for 200 or more cumulative hours.
Kim SC, Nam KC, Kim DW. · 2006
The model used parameters such as daily usage time, total usage period, hands-free usage, antenna extension, phone SAR, and flip or folder type. The estimated exposure levels could allow epidemiologists to divide subjects into exposed and nonexposed groups for future brain cancer studies, provided more knowledge about usage patterns and exposure is available.
Hardell L, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K. · 2006
Two case-control studies on malignant brain tumours diagnosed during 1997-2003 included answers from 905 cases and 2,162 controls aged 20-80 years, and the results were pooled. Cumulative lifetime use exceeding 2,000 hours yielded odds ratios of 5.9 for analogue cellular phones, 3.7 for digital cellular phones, and 2.3 for cordless phones. Ipsilateral exposure increased the risk for malignant brain tumours with odds ratios of 2.1 for analogue, 1.8 for digital, and 1.7 for cordless phones. For high-grade astrocytoma with more than 10 years latency, analogue phones yielded an odds ratio of 2.7, digital phones 3.8, and cordless phones 2.2.
Hardell L, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K. · 2006
Researchers conducted a pooled analysis of two case-control studies on benign brain tumours diagnosed during 1997-2003, including 1,254 cases and 2,162 controls aged 20-80 years. For acoustic neuroma, analogue cellular phones gave an odds ratio of 2.9 (95% CI 2.0-4.3), digital phones an odds ratio of 1.5 (95% CI 1.1-2.1), and cordless phones an odds ratio of 1.5 (95% CI 1.04-2.0). For meningioma, the odds ratios were 1.3 (95% CI 0.99-1.7) for analogue phones, 1.1 (95% CI 0.9-1.3) for digital phones, and 1.1 (95% CI 0.9-1.4) for cordless phones.
Hardell, L., Carlberg, M., Mild, K., 2005. · 2006
Researchers conducted a case-control study of cellular and cordless telephone use and malignant brain tumors diagnosed from 2000 to 2003, including 317 cases and 692 controls. Analog phone use had an odds ratio of 2.6, increasing to 3.5 after a latency period exceeding ten years. Cordless phone use had an odds ratio of 2.1, increasing to 2.9 after a latency period exceeding ten years. The odds ratio increased with cumulative hours of use and was highest for high-grade astrocytoma.
Berg G et al. · 2006
A population-based case-control study included 381 meningioma cases, 366 glioma cases, and 1,494 controls aged 30 to 69 years in three German regions from 2000 to 2003. Researchers built an exposure matrix from computer-assisted personal interviews and defined high exposure as potentially exceeding ICNIRP public limits. Adjusted odds ratios for high exposure were 1.21 (95% CI: 0.69, 2.13) for glioma and 1.34 (95% CI: 0.64, 2.81) for meningioma, indicating no significant association.
Anghileri LJ, Mayayo E, Domingo JL, Thouvenot P. · 2006
The study aimed to evaluate health risks caused by radio frequency accelerated carcinogenesis and the importance of processes driven by the calcium ion signal. Exposed animals showed organ hypertrophy, lymphoid blood and ascites, solid tumours, and mortality that were very different from control animals. The results emphasized the role of calcium ion signal influx in the activation of oncogenes and the failure of thymus-determined immune defences.
Anghileri LJ, Mayayo E, Domingo JL. · 2006
The study investigated the effects of parenteral iron administration on the acceleration of lymphomagenesis by radiofrequency exposure using an animal model that develops spontaneous lymphomas with ageing. Complementary studies showed differences in absorption and excretion between ferric gluconate and ferric-ATP complex, and molecular structure-dependence in calcium cellular uptake. The results demonstrated a synergism between radiofrequency and ferric gluconate, and increased risk of radiofrequency exposure when simultaneous to parenteral iron administration.
Zeng Q, Chen G, Weng Y, Wang L, Chiang H, Lu D, Xu Z. · 2006
Researchers investigated gene and protein responses to GSM 1800 MHz RF EMF in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells using genomic and proteomic approaches. GeneChip analysis identified a handful of changed genes after exposure at SAR up to 3.5 W/kg for 24 hours, but these changes were not confirmed by RT-PCR. Proteome analysis found a few different proteins differentially expressed under continuous or intermittent exposure at SAR 3.5 W/kg for 24 hours or less, but the authors suggest these effects might have occurred by chance.
Yu D, Shen Y, Kuster N, Fu Y, Chiang H. · 2006
No significant differences in overall mammary tumor incidence, latency, multiplicity, or size were observed between microwave-exposed and sham-exposed groups. A tendency for reduced adenocarcinoma incidence at 0.44 W/kg and increased incidence at 4.0 W/kg did not reach statistical significance. Cage control rats had higher body weight, higher tumor incidence, and shorter tumor latency than sham- and microwave-exposed groups.
Unknown authors · 2005
A hospital-based case-control study at three U.S. centers from 1994 to 1998 enrolled 410 glioma, 178 meningioma, 90 acoustic neuroma cases and 686 controls who reported use of 14 electrical appliances. Ever use of hair dryers was associated with glioma (odds ratio = 1.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.1, 2.5) but risk did not increase with amount of use, and in men electric shaver use was associated with meningioma (odds ratio = 10.9, 95% confidence interval: 2.3, 50) with odds ratios increasing with cumulative minutes of use, although based on only two nonexposed cases. For most appliances there was little evidence of an association with brain tumors.
Unknown authors · 2005
Residential exposure was calculated as time-weighted average magnetic fields from power lines from 1967 to diagnosis, while occupational exposure was assessed via job titles classified by hours per week above 0.1 μT from 1955 to diagnosis. The two highest residential exposure categories showed elevated odds ratios for all brain tumours (OR = 1.6, 95% CI 0.9–2.7 and OR = 1.3, 95% CI 0.7–2.3), but the risk was not statistically significant and no clear exposure-response pattern emerged. Occupational exposure showed no association with brain tumours for any site, and the occupational exposure groups showed an inverse association.
Unknown authors · 2005
Epidemiological studies have associated a doubling of childhood leukemia risk with exposures above 0.3/0.4 microT. The authors propose that power frequency magnetic fields suppress nocturnal melatonin production, accounting for the observed increased risk of childhood leukemia. Melatonin disruption has been shown in animals, especially with exposure to electric and/or rapid on/off magnetic fields. Support for the hypothesis comes from studies showing magnetic field disruption of melatonin in human populations chronically exposed to both electric and magnetic fields associated with electricity distribution. Melatonin is highly protective against oxidative damage to the human haemopoietic system.
