Cutaneous Perception of Microwaves
Sol M. Michaelson · 1972
Key Finding: 93% of 2,429 primary studies on whole body / general found biological effects from EMF exposure.
Of 2,429 studies examining whole body / general, 93% found measurable biological effects from EMF exposure.
Lowest Documented Effect
Research found effects on whole body / general at exposures as low as:
Research Overview
- -When 95% of nearly 3,800 peer-reviewed studies document biological effects from electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure, we're looking at a weight of evidence that demands attention.
- -This isn't fringe science or industry speculation-it's the consistent finding across independent research examining how radiofrequency radiation, extremely low frequency fields, and other non-ionizing EMF sources interact with human physiology.
- -The question isn't whether effects occur, but which ones matter most to you and your family.
When 95% of nearly 3,800 peer-reviewed studies document biological effects from electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure, we're looking at a weight of evidence that demands attention. This isn't fringe science or industry speculation-it's the consistent finding across independent research examining how radiofrequency radiation, extremely low frequency fields, and other non-ionizing EMF sources interact with human physiology. The question isn't whether effects occur, but which ones matter most to you and your family. The documented effects span multiple biological systems.
That's what the evidence shows across the 3,798 studies in our whole body research collection: 3,591 of them identified biological changes in response to electromagnetic field exposure.
Research on chicken embryos exposed to both ELF and RF radiation demonstrated 27% less protective protein production after repeated exposures, indicating compromised cellular defense mechanisms.
Source: BioInitiative Working Group. BioInitiative Report: A Rationale for Biologically-based Public Exposure Standards for Electromagnetic Radiation. Edited by Cindy Sage and David O. Carpenter, BioInitiative, 2012, updated 2020. www.bioinitiative.org
Showing 2,816 studies
Microwave and Man: The Direct and Indirect Hazards, and the Precautions
Charles Merckel · 1972
Iatrogenic Hemolysis: A Complication of Blood Warmed by a Microwave Device
Jeffrey McCullough et al. · 1972
Thyroid Pathophysiology of Microwave Radiation
William C. Milroy, Sol M. Michaelson · 1972
Relevancy of Experimental Studies of Microwave-Induced Cataracts to Man
Sol M. Michaelson · 1972
CARDIAC PACEMAKER ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE (3050 MHZ)
William D. Hurt, M.S. · 1972
Whole Body / GeneralNo Effects Found
Absence of Electromagnetic Pulse Effects on Monkeys and Dogs
F. G. Hirsch, M.D. and A. Bruner, Ph.D. · 1972
What's ahead for microwaves
Jeffrey Frey, Raymond Bowers · 1972
The article describes how inexpensive solid-state microwave sources will enable massive new applications in homes, vehicles, and commercial systems. It identifies spectrum congestion as a growing problem with current allocation methods becoming inadequate. The authors note the FCC can regulate power density based on physiological studies but has not yet issued such regulations. They list specific questions including potential health hazards from increased microwave exposure. The article recommends a complete spectrum usage database and new frequency assignment principles.
Deformity and Intra-Uterine death after short wave therapy
Dietzel F, Kern W, Steckenmesser R · 1972
Researchers exposed 749 pregnant rats to a single abdominal short-wave treatment during the first 16 days of pregnancy, raising rectal temperatures to about 40° within 10 minutes. Treatment on the first two days of pregnancy caused 65% embryo deaths compared to 25% in controls. Embryonic injuries occurred only when maternal rectal temperature reached at least 40° for 10 minutes; lower temperatures caused no injuries.
Heliobiology
Alexander Dubrov · 1972
Dubrov worked in heliobiology studying the effects of solar activity and natural magnetic and electric fields on living organisms. He found that cell membrane permeability is under direct control of the geomagnetic field. Chizhevsky showed that epidemics, diseases and death rates follow 11-year cycles similar to sunspot cycles.
HISTOLOGICAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL EFFECT OF MICROWAVE IRRADIATION ON THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OF RABBITS AND GUINEA PIGS
STANISLAW BARANSKI, M.D. · 1972
Induced Lightning Surges in Paired Telephone Cables
Y. Ishida · 1972
BIOPHYSICAL EXPLANATIONS OF THE EFFECT OF MAGNETIC FIELDS ON BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS
I. L. Degen · 1972
A HIGH-SENSITIVITY, ULTRA-BROADBAND RADIATION PROBE
S. Hopfer · 1972
The probe is designed to cover 10 MHz to 20 GHz with full-scale sensitivities from 100 μW/cm² to 10 mW/cm². Calculations predict a flat characteristic from 10 MHz to 20 GHz and a sensitivity more than 23 dB above thermo-electric probes. Initial measurements on the prototype confirmed a flat characteristic through 18 GHz and a 400-fold sensitivity improvement.
Microwave health hazard: control of
Chief, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery · 1972
The instruction outlined potential health hazards from microwave equipment including radar and set maximum personnel exposure levels. It described that below 1 GHz energy penetrates deep tissues while above 3 GHz heating occurs near the body surface. The eyes and testicles were identified as the most vulnerable organs; the lens can develop cataracts from intense microwave radiation, and testicular effects are considered temporary. Exposure limits were set at 10 mW/cm² for exposures greater than 30 seconds and 300 mJ/cm² for intermittent exposures of 3 to 30 seconds. Medical surveillance required preplacement and periodic examinations, including a comprehensive ophthalmological examination with slit-lamp evaluation, and immediate examination after overexposure above 50 mW/cm².
Whole Body / GeneralNo Effects Found
An examination of regenerating hepatic tissue subjected to radio-frequency irradiation
Byron D. McLees, E. D. Finch, M. L. Albright · 1972
RADIO FREQUENCY BURN HAZARDS REDUCTION
Unknown authors · 1972
Interaction Between a Linearly Polarized Electromagnetic Plane and a Double Spherical Shell
Daniel L. Dawes, Jerry W. Gaskill · 1972
Researchers modeled a double-shelled spherical acrylic plastic enclosure irradiated with 2450-MHz microwaves. They compared standing wave patterns for chambers made of Plexiglas, Teflon, and styrofoam. Plexiglas and Teflon chambers produced similar standing wave patterns with hot spots more than three times the incident field strength. Styrofoam showed a much smaller standing wave pattern with a hot spot less than 6 percent above the incident field. The authors concluded styrofoam would be a much better material for exposure cells if it meets mechanical requirements.
CONCERNING THE EFFECT OF METER WAVES ON THE GROWTH OF PLANTS
Kiepenheuer, K.O. · 1972
Electric Enhancement of Bone Healing
Leroy S. Lavine et al. · 1972
Untersuchungen über thermoregulatorische Vorgänge in der Haut des Säuglings unter lokaler Applikation von Strahlungswärme
B. Dörne, R. Gäbele, H. Hille · 1972
Brain & Nervous System
Not an original health-effects study
The Sensitivity of Portions of the Human Central Nervous System to "Safe" Levels of Microwave Radiation
Robert M. Lebovitz · 1972
Whole Body / General
Not an original health-effects study
ILS FAA Instrument Landing System Standard Characteristics and Terminology
Unknown authors · 1972
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF NONIONIZING RADIATION
Saul W. Rosenthal · 1972
Rosenthal noted that U.S. and Soviet microwave safety standards differed by three orders of magnitude, indicating a serious lack of knowledge about biological effects. He also noted the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, which gave the Labor Department responsibility for occupational standards covering nonionizing radiation. Rosenthal stated that no coordinated research program existed to establish a scientific basis for determining potential hazards of nonionizing radiation.
EFFECTS OF A NON-THERMAL, PULSED ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD ON THE REGENERATION OF PERIPHERAL NERVES IN RATS
P. Jagadeesh, P.P. Newman, D.G.F. Harriman, D.H. Wilson · 1972
Learn More
For a comprehensive exploration of EMF health effects including whole body / general, along with practical protection strategies, explore these books by R Blank and Dr. Martin Blank.
FAQs: EMF & Whole Body / General
When 95% of nearly 3,800 peer-reviewed studies document biological effects from electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure, we're looking at a weight of evidence that demands attention. This isn't fringe science or industry speculation-it's the consistent finding across independent research examining how radiofrequency radiation, extremely low frequency fields, and other non-ionizing EMF sources interact with human physiology.
The SYB Research Database includes 2,429 peer-reviewed studies examining the relationship between electromagnetic field exposure and whole body / general. These studies have been conducted by researchers worldwide and published in scientific journals. The research spans multiple decades and includes various types of EMF sources including cell phones, WiFi, power lines, and other common sources of electromagnetic radiation.
93% of the 2,429 studies examining whole body / general found measurable biological effects from EMF exposure. This means that 2257 studies documented observable changes in biological systems when exposed to electromagnetic fields. The remaining 7% either found no significant effects or had inconclusive results, which is typical in scientific research where study design and exposure parameters vary.