The Influence of Solar Activity on the Earth's Biosphere (Part I)
M.N. Gnevyshev, K.F. Novikova · 1972
Key Finding: 93% of 2,429 primary studies on whole body / general found biological effects from EMF exposure.
Of 2,429 studies examining whole body / general, 93% found measurable biological effects from EMF exposure.
Lowest Documented Effect
Research found effects on whole body / general at exposures as low as:
Research Overview
- -When 95% of nearly 3,800 peer-reviewed studies document biological effects from electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure, we're looking at a weight of evidence that demands attention.
- -This isn't fringe science or industry speculation-it's the consistent finding across independent research examining how radiofrequency radiation, extremely low frequency fields, and other non-ionizing EMF sources interact with human physiology.
- -The question isn't whether effects occur, but which ones matter most to you and your family.
When 95% of nearly 3,800 peer-reviewed studies document biological effects from electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure, we're looking at a weight of evidence that demands attention. This isn't fringe science or industry speculation-it's the consistent finding across independent research examining how radiofrequency radiation, extremely low frequency fields, and other non-ionizing EMF sources interact with human physiology. The question isn't whether effects occur, but which ones matter most to you and your family. The documented effects span multiple biological systems.
That's what the evidence shows across the 3,798 studies in our whole body research collection: 3,591 of them identified biological changes in response to electromagnetic field exposure.
Research on chicken embryos exposed to both ELF and RF radiation demonstrated 27% less protective protein production after repeated exposures, indicating compromised cellular defense mechanisms.
Source: BioInitiative Working Group. BioInitiative Report: A Rationale for Biologically-based Public Exposure Standards for Electromagnetic Radiation. Edited by Cindy Sage and David O. Carpenter, BioInitiative, 2012, updated 2020. www.bioinitiative.org
Showing 2,816 studies
Whole Body / General
Review
Results of action of ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic field (review of the literature)
Gambitski'i EV · 1972
Mißbildungen und intrauterines Absterben nach Kurzwellenbehandlung in der Frühschwangerschaft
FRANZ DIETZEL, WALTER KERN, RAINER STECKENMESSER · 1972
AN EXAMINATION OF CERTAIN BLOOD SERUM CONSTITUENTS IN THE RAT FOLLOWING MICROWAVE IRRADIATION
David W. Fulk, Edward D. Finch · 1972
In Experiment I, six groups of three rats each were exposed to pulsed 2,860 MHz microwaves for 15 minutes at power densities of 5, 10, 20, 50, or 100 mw/cm2. No significant differences in any of the 12 measured serum parameters were found at 50 mw/cm2 or below compared to controls.
Environmental Aspects of Microwave Radiation
Donald I. McRee, Ph. D. · 1972
Whole Body / General
Not an original health-effects study
A Generalized Expression for the Energy Density of Electromagnetic Waves in Media with Strong Temporal Dispersion
Dan Anderson · 1972
Researchers derived a generalized expression for electromagnetic wave energy density in lossless, homogeneous, isotropic media with temporal dispersion. The expression generalizes the standard form by including higher-order derivatives of dielectric and permeability functions and field amplitudes. Correction terms become important for strong dispersion or broad band signals, as shown with a Gaussian chirp pulse example.
Development of Regulatory Programs under the Radiation Control for Health and Safety Act of 1968
Robert L. Elder, Walter C. Baugh, Jr. · 1972
The Act became effective October 18, 1968 and gave the Bureau of Radiological Health authority to set performance standards and require defect corrections. Three performance standards were promulgated for television receivers, cold-cathode gas-discharge tubes, and microwave ovens. The television standard set a maximum X-ray exposure rate of 0.5 mR/h at 5 cm from the housing with phased compliance dates. The microwave oven standard limited radiation leakage to 1 mW/cm² at manufacture and 5 mW/cm² throughout the oven's lifetime. The Bureau worked with 17 manufacturers to resolve defects or non-compliance, all cooperatively.
Nonionizing Electromagnetic Wave Effects in Biological Materials and Systems
Curtis C. Johnson, Arthur W. Guy · 1972
The paper summarizes related work in the literature and presents new results. High radiation intensities can produce burns, cataracts, and chemical changes. Biological effects have been reported at lower intensities, but it is not known if they are harmful. Most effects are not harmful under controlled conditions and can be used for therapeutic purposes and diagnostic measurements.
PATOMECHANIZM TWORZENIA SIĘ STRUPA W RANIE OPARZENIOWEJ SKÓRY SZCZURÓW PODDANYCH PIERWOTNIE BĄDŹ WTÓRNIE NAPROMIENIENIU MIKROFALOWEMU
WITOLD JANKOWSKI, JERZY MEYER · 1972
Whole Body / General
Review
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HEATING THE SKIN WITH MICROWAVE AND INFRARED RADIATION
Hardy, J. D. · 1972
Microwave Charge Carrier Hall Mobility Measurements on Cytochrome-Oxidase Prepared from Heavy Beef Heart Mitochondria
D. D. Eley, R. J. Mayer, R. Pethig · 1972
Radio Frequencies and Microwaves; Magnetic and Electrical Fields
Yu. I. Novitskiy et al. · 1971
The Influence of Electric Current on Bone Regeneration In Vivo
L. S. Lavine, I. Lustrin, M. H. Shamos, M. L. Moss · 1971
Ninety-one rabbits received a femoral defect and were exposed to 2-4 microamperes of direct current for one to three weeks. Three weeks of current at 2.5-3.5 microamperes produced the most new bone formation. Direct current increased healing by roughly a factor of two compared to controls without current. Three-week experimental animals showed similar bone formation to six-week controls.
Program for Control of Electromagnetic Pollution of the Environment: The Assessment of Biological Hazards of Nonionizing Electromagnetic Radiation
Unknown authors · 1971
Nonionizing electromagnetic radiation from radar, television, microwave ovens, and other sources permeates the modern environment and power levels may already be biologically significant. The report states that definitive scientific data on genetic, clinical, physiological, and behavioral effects at power densities below 10 mW/cm² are lacking. Previous U.S. research focused on short-term thermal effects above 10 mW/cm², while Soviet scientists reported low-level chronic effects on cardiovascular and central nervous systems and set permissible exposure levels lower by a factor of 1,000 for long-term exposure.
CardiovascularNo Effects Found
Absence of Heart-Rate Effects in Rabbits During Low-Level Microwave Irradiation
Ira T. Kaplan et al. · 1971
CLINICAL ASPECTS OF IRRADIATIONS IN THE SHF-RANGE
Tyagin, N. V. (Nikolay Vasil'yevich) · 1971
The book presents overall characteristics of SHF fields, their applications, measurement principles, and biological effects on the nervous, cardiovascular, circulatory systems, metabolism, and certain animal and human organs. It discusses mechanisms of action and shows that prolonged repeated irradiations produce clinical manifestations divided into asthenic, vegetative-vascular, and diencephalic syndromes of varying severity. Data on permissible exposure levels, medical expert testimony, and protection measures are presented, indicating that workplace measures can nearly eliminate radiation exceeding allowable limits.
EXTRACORPOREAL HEMOLYSIS OF BLOOD IN A MICROWAVE BLOOD WARMER
Parker J. Staples, Paul F. Griner · 1971
New Techniques for Implementing Microwave Biological-Exposure Systems
Harold L. Bassett et al. · 1971
The focused prolate spheroid uses a waveguide feed at one focus and places the biological sample at the other focus to achieve large power densities over about one square wavelength. The absorber-lined horn acts as a small source within an anechoic chamber that reduces errors due to interaction with the biological sample. The compact range employs a reflector and feed system to generate a plane wave across a large aperture for illuminating large volumes. All three systems can be implemented in a limited space without an anechoic chamber, and experimental data from model systems are presented.
Microwave Radiation Protection Suit
A. F. Klascius · 1971
Microwave Exposure System for Biological Specimens
McRee D, Walsh P · 1971
The system uses a Litton Power Pak magnetron with a continuous-wave output of 0.5-1.5 kW and an absorber-lined horn to produce a uniform field near the horn aperture. Field calibration showed variations of approximately +5% over a 15 cm square area, +10% over a 24 cm square area, and +15% over a 32 cm square area at 61 cm from the horn. The presence of specimens did not alter the power output, and no reflected power was measurable at 200 mW//cm!.
Histopathologic Changes in Rat Liver Following 2450 Megahertz Microwave Radiation
C. K. O'BRIEN, A. W. RICHARDSON, H. M. KAPLAN · 1971
Whole Body / General
Not an original health-effects study
ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD MEASUREMENTS FOR NON-IONIZING RADIATION HAZARDS
R. I. GRAY, C. E. GALLAHER · 1971
BADANIA NAD KATARAKTOGENNYM DZIAŁANIEM MIKROFAL PASMA 10 cm
Jerzy Tajchert, Eustachy Chmurko · 1971
INDUCTION OF CONTROLLED HYPERTHERMIA IN TREATMENT OF CANCER
M. A. Henderson · 1971
REDUCTION OF DENTAL POSTSURGICAL SYMPTOMS USING NONTHERMAL/PULSED HIGH-PEAK-POWER ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY
David H. Aronofsky · 1971
Learn More
For a comprehensive exploration of EMF health effects including whole body / general, along with practical protection strategies, explore these books by R Blank and Dr. Martin Blank.
FAQs: EMF & Whole Body / General
When 95% of nearly 3,800 peer-reviewed studies document biological effects from electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure, we're looking at a weight of evidence that demands attention. This isn't fringe science or industry speculation-it's the consistent finding across independent research examining how radiofrequency radiation, extremely low frequency fields, and other non-ionizing EMF sources interact with human physiology.
The SYB Research Database includes 2,429 peer-reviewed studies examining the relationship between electromagnetic field exposure and whole body / general. These studies have been conducted by researchers worldwide and published in scientific journals. The research spans multiple decades and includes various types of EMF sources including cell phones, WiFi, power lines, and other common sources of electromagnetic radiation.
93% of the 2,429 studies examining whole body / general found measurable biological effects from EMF exposure. This means that 2257 studies documented observable changes in biological systems when exposed to electromagnetic fields. The remaining 7% either found no significant effects or had inconclusive results, which is typical in scientific research where study design and exposure parameters vary.