Bachmann M et al. · 2006
Researchers applied three different EEG analysis methods to detect changes caused by microwave exposure in healthy volunteers. Volunteers were exposed to 450 MHz microwave radiation modulated at several different frequencies, with a field power density of 0.16 mW/cm2 at the scalp. Statistically significant changes in EEG rhythms energy and dynamics were found in between 12% and 30% of subjects.
Belyaev IY et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed rats to 915 MHz GSM microwaves for 2 hours at a SAR of 0.4 mW/g and then examined brain cells for DNA damage and gene expression changes. In the cerebellum, 11 genes were upregulated in a range of 1.34 to 2.74 fold and one gene was downregulated 0.48-fold (P < .0025). The exposure did not induce detectable DNA double strand breaks or changes in chromatin conformation.
Paulraj R, Behari J. · 2006
Researchers exposed 35-day-old male Wistar rats to microwave radiation at 2.45 GHz and 16.5 GHz for 35 days to study effects on developing rat brain. After exposure, the researchers measured DNA single strand breaks in brain tissue using micro gel electrophoresis (comet assay), with fifty cells from each slide and two slides per animal observed. The study found a statistically significant increase (p < 0.001) in DNA single strand breaks in the brain cells of exposed rats.
Sievert U, Eggert S, Pau HW · 2005
Researchers tested 12 healthy people with normal hearing by recording auditory brain stem reflexes before, during, and after exposure to electromagnetic emissions from standardized mobile phone devices. Two modes of electromagnetic emissions fields were used: pulsed and continuous. No impact on auditory brain stem reflexes recordings in terms of absolute and interpeak latencies was found, and the authors concluded no adverse short-term effects on ear function.
Shirai T et al. · 2005
A 1.439 GHz TDMA signal was used for exposure of the rat head starting from 5 weeks of age, 90 min a day, 5 days a week, for 104 weeks. Brain tumorigenesis was initiated by an intrauterine exposure to N-ethylnitrosourea (ENU) on gestational day 18. No increase in the incidences or numbers per group of brain and/or spinal cord tumors, either in the males or females, was detected in the EMF exposed groups. There were no inter-group differences in body weights, food consumption, and survival rates.
Schoemaker MJ et al. · 2005
Researchers conducted six population-based case-control studies in four Nordic countries and the UK to assess acoustic neuroma risk in relation to mobile phone use. Data were collected by personal interview from 678 cases of acoustic neuroma and 3553 controls. The risk of acoustic neuroma in relation to regular mobile phone use was not raised (OR=0.9, 95% CI 0.7-1.1). Risk of a tumour on the same side of the head as reported phone use was raised for use for 10 years or longer (OR=1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.1).
Schmid G, Sauter C, Stepansky R, Lobentanz IS, Zeitlhofer J · 2005
Researchers exposed 58 healthy volunteers to a generic 1.97 GHz UMTS-like signal in a double-blinded crossover design. Each subject completed four clinical visual perception tests under high exposure, low exposure, and sham conditions. High exposure produced an average SAR of 0.63 W/kg (1 g) and 0.37 W/kg (10 g) in the left temporal cortex. No statistically significant differences in visual perception parameters were found between any exposure condition and sham.
Preece AW et al. · 2005
Researchers tested 18 children aged 10 to 12 years using a randomized three-way crossover design with exposures of 0, 0.025, or 0.25 W from a Nokia 3110 handset. Baseline reaction times were considerably slower than in adults. There was a tendency for shorter reaction times during exposure, most marked for simple reaction time, but no effects reached statistical significance after Bonferroni correction.
Pau HW, Sievert U, Eggert S, Wild W · 2005
Researchers applied a simulated GSM signal to one ear at a time while recording video nystagmography in 13 volunteers. No EM radiation-induced nystagmus was recorded in any volunteer. In human temporal bones, very weak caloric effects were only found near the antenna, while the horizontal semicircular canal seemed unaffected with temperature changes below 0.1 degree C.
Miyakoshi J et al. · 2005
Researchers exposed human glioma MO54 cells to a continuous wave 1950 MHz RF field at SARs of 1, 2, and 10 W/kg for up to 2 hours. Cell growth was assessed by counting cell numbers up to 4 days after exposure. RF exposure at 2 and 10 W/kg did not affect the growth of MO54 cells. However, exposure at 10 W/kg for 1 and 2 hours significantly decreased the protein level of phosphorylated Hsp27 at serine 78.
Lonn S, Ahlbom A, Hall P, Feychting M. · 2005
Kuribayashi M et al. · 2005
Researchers investigated possible effects of 1439 MHz electromagnetic near field exposure on the blood-brain barrier in immature (4 weeks old) and young (10 weeks old) rats. Expression of the three genes was not pathologically changed by EMF at any exposure level or age, and vascular permeability measured with FITC-dextran FD20 was not affected. The findings suggest that local head exposure to 1439 MHz EMF exerts no adverse effects on the BBB in immature and young rats.
Green AC et al. · 2005
Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2 +) ](i)) was measured in cultured rat cerebellar granule cells and cardiac myocytes during exposure to TETRA fields (380.8875 MHz pulse modulated at 17.6 Hz, 25% duty cycle). Granule cells exposed at specific absorption rates (SARs) of 5, 10, 20, 50 or 400 mW x kg(-1) showed no significant changes in resting [Ca(2 +) ](i). Exposure to TETRA (50 or 400 mW x kg(-1)) had no significant effect on either the rate or amplitude of spontaneous Ca(2 +) transients in cardiac myocytes. Overall, these results showed no evidence of any consistent or biologically relevant effect of TETRA fields on [Ca(2 + )](i) in granule cells and cardiac myocytes at any of the SAR tested.
Galloni P et al. · 2005
Researchers divided 48 Sprague-Dawley rats into exposed and sham-exposed groups. The rats were exposed 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks at a local SAR of 2 W/kg in the ear. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions tests were carried out before, during, and after the exposure. The analysis showed no statistically significant differences in audiological signals between the different groups.
Franke H et al. · 2005
Researchers investigated the influence of a generic UMTS signal on barrier tightness, transport processes, and morphology of porcine brain microvascular endothelial cell cultures serving as an in vitro blood-brain barrier model. The cells were exposed continuously for up to 84 hours at an average electric-field strength of 3.4-34 V/m with a maximum of 1.8 W/kg under athermal conditions. Barrier tightness measured by 14C-sucrose and serum albumin permeation and by transendothelial electrical resistance remained unchanged compared to sham-exposed cultures. Permeation of transporter substrates and the localization and integrity of the tight-junction proteins occludin and ZO1 were also unaffected.
Cosquer B, Galani R, Kuster N, Cassel JC. · 2005
In a first phase, researchers validated the elevated plus-maze apparatus in male Sprague-Dawley rats. They tested anxiety responses at light intensities of 200, 30, 10, and 2.5 lux and with diazepam doses of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg. Anxiety responses decreased with decreasing light intensity and were attenuated by diazepam. A separate group of rats was then exposed to 2.45 GHz EMFs with a whole-body SAR of 0.6 W/kg and brain-averaged SAR of 0.9 W/kg for 45 min. EMF exposure did not significantly affect anxiety responses at either low or high ambient light intensity.
Christensen et al. · 2005
Researchers conducted a nationwide population-based case-control study in Denmark. Cellular telephone use was associated with lower risk for high-grade glioma (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.37-0.90). Risk estimates were near unity for low-grade glioma (OR 1.08) and meningioma (OR 1.00). The results did not support an association between cellular telephone use and risk for glioma or meningioma.
Christ A, Kuster N. · 2005
The study investigates differences in RF energy absorption in the heads of adults and children. It discusses absorption mechanisms, tissue parameters, the effect of the pinna, and uncertainties in head models based on spheroids, scaled adult heads, and MRI data of children. The review concludes that energy exposure does not increase due to smaller heads, but identifies open issues regarding dielectric tissue parameters and pinna thickness.
Besset A, Espa F, Dauvilliers Y, Billiard M, de Seze R. · 2005
The study investigated the effects of daily exposure to GSM 900 type MP on cognitive function. Fifty-five subjects were divided into two groups matched for age, gender, and IQ. The double-blind study lasted 45 days with baseline, exposure, and recovery periods.
Szyjkowska A et al. · 2005
A survey using a self-reported questionnaire was conducted among randomly selected university students in Lodz, Central Poland. Out of 160 questionnaires distributed, 140 were completed and 117 were analyzed after excluding respondents with pre-existing health problems. The participants were 61 males and 56 females, with most rating their health as good or very good. Seventy percent of students reported headache, 20% reported dizziness, 56% reported impaired concentration, and 11% reported facial dermatitis. Only 8 of 82 students with headache and 10 of 65 with impaired concentration attributed these symptoms to mobile phone use, and the authors concluded that further experimental and epidemiologic studies are needed.
Oommen BS, Stahl JS · 2005
Previous studies attributed impaired driving performance to the distractions of conversation. The researchers determined that holding an inactive phone to the ear reduces the probability of eccentric head positions. This reduction potentially indicates a reduced ability to monitor the visual surround.
Meo SA, Al-Drees AM · 2005
Researchers invited 873 mobile phone users (57.04% males, 39.86% females) to complete a structured questionnaire and used chi-square tests to examine call duration and symptoms. The study found an association between mobile phone use and hearing and vision complaints, with 34.59% reporting hearing issues like impaired hearing, ear ache, or warmth, and 5.04% reporting decreased or blurred vision. The authors concluded that mobile phone use is a health risk factor and suggested avoiding excessive use while increasing social awareness through health promotion.
Maby E, Jeannes RL, Faucon G, Liegeois-Chauvel C, De Seze R. · 2005
Researchers investigated correlation coefficients between auditory evoked potentials and their spectra to detect a possible difference due to RFs. A difference in correlation coefficients between control and experimental sessions was observed, but the effect of RFs on human health could not be deduced.
Lahkola A, Salminen T, Auvinen A. · 2005
Researchers evaluated selection bias in a Finnish case-control study of mobile phone use and brain tumors by comparing full and incomplete participants. Among controls, 83% of full participants and 73% of incomplete participants regularly used a mobile phone, while among cases the figures were 76% and 64%. The odds ratio for brain tumor based on the combined group was slightly closer to unity than that based only on full participants. Selection bias tends to distort effect estimates below unity, while analyses based on more comprehensive material gave results close to unity.
Kopecky R, Hamnerius Y, Persson M. · 2005
A 3D subgridding technique was used to model the specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution in the isolated cochlea exposed to mobile phone radiation at 1750 MHz using the FDTD method. The cochlea was modeled at spatial resolutions of 1, 1/3, 1/5, and 1/7 mm. First simulations used 1 mm spatial resolution, then numerical resolution was increased to 1/3, 1/5, and 1/7 using subgridding without changing spatial resolution. A second set of simulations increased both spatial and numerical resolution together. The researchers concluded that subgridding is important only when both numerical and spatial resolution are increased together.
