Children's EMF Exposure Research

THE EFFECT OF MICROWAVES ON BONE AND BONE MARROW AND ON ADJACENT TISSUES

Joseph P. Engel et al. · 1950

Researchers exposed anesthetized and trained dogs to microwave diathermy at 2,450 megacycles per second and measured temperature changes in tibial cortex, marrow, muscle, and subcutaneous tissue. For subcutaneously located bone, 30 minutes at 65 watts raised tibial cortex temperature by 5.0 degrees (C.) and marrow by 3.4 degrees (C.). For submuscularly located bone, the same exposure raised cortex by 3.8 degrees (C.) and marrow by 3.0 degrees (C.). A rectangular director allowed higher temperatures in subcutaneously located bone without excessively heating adjacent soft tissue. An impedance-matching transformer increased tissue temperature rises by approximately 300 per cent.

The effects of microwaves - A preliminary investigation

Boyle AC, Cook HF, Buchanan TJ · 1950

FOCAL NEUROLOGICAL LESIONS PRODUCED BY MICROWAVE IRRADIATION

W. H. Oldendorf · 1949

Temperature dependence of the dielectric constant of blood at low frequencies

H. Schwan · 1948

This 1948 research by Schwan examined how temperature affects the dielectric properties of human blood when exposed to low-frequency electromagnetic fields. The study investigated how blood's electrical characteristics change with temperature variations, providing foundational data for understanding how EMF interacts with biological tissues. This early work helped establish the scientific basis for measuring electromagnetic effects in living systems.

Testicular Degeneration as a Result of Microwave Irradiation

C. J. Imig, J. D. Thomson, H. M. Hines · 1948

HEATING OF HUMAN AND ANIMAL TISSUES BY MEANS OF HIGH FREQUENCY CURRENT WITH WAVELENGTH OF TWELVE CENTIMETERS

OSBORNE, SL, FREDERICK, MS · 1948

Heating of human tissues by micro wave radiation

Horvath SM, Miller RN, Hutt BK · 1948

This 1948 study by Horvath examined how microwave radiation heats human tissues, investigating temperature gradients and thermal effects in the body. The research explored microwave diathermy applications and measured tissue temperature changes during exposure. This represents some of the earliest scientific investigation into how microwave energy interacts with human biology.

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE HEATING AND CIRCULATORY EFFECTS OF MICRO-WAVES—'RADAR'

URSULA M. LEDEN et al. · 1947

THE REPRESENTATION OF DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES AND THE PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING THEIR MEASUREMENT AT CENTIMETRE WAVELENGTHS

Willis Jackson · 1946

Variazioni leucocitarie dopo applicazione di onde corte nel campo ginecologico

T. M. Caffaratto · 1946

Dispersion and Absorption in Dielectrics I. Alternating Current Characteristics

Kenneth S. Cole, Robert H. Cole · 1941

This 1941 technical study by K.S. Cole examined how dielectric materials (insulators like those in electronic devices) respond to alternating current electrical fields. The research explored fundamental properties like dielectric constants and relaxation times that determine how materials absorb and scatter electromagnetic energy.

THE ACTION OF SHORT RADIO WAVES ON TISSUES III. A COMPARISON OF THE THERMAL SENSITIVITIES OF TRANSPLANTABLE TUMOURS IN VIVO AND IN VITRO

HERBERT J. JOHNSON · 1940

The 'Specific Action' of Ultra-short Wireless Waves

Prof. W. E. Curtis, F.R.S., Dr. F. Dickens, and S. F. Evans · 1936

SELECTIVE HEAT PRODUCTION BY ULTRASHORT (HERTZIAN) WAVES

A. BACHEM · 1935

The effect of hyperpyrexia induced by radiation upon the leukocyte count

William Bierman · 1934

This 1934 study by Dr. William Bierman examined how radiation-induced fever (hyperpyrexia) affected white blood cell counts in humans. The research investigated the relationship between radiation exposure, elevated body temperature, and changes in the immune system's white blood cells. This early work represents some of the first documented research into radiation's effects on human blood cells.

Aus dem Institut für Physikotherapie des Rainerspitales in Wien - Zur Kurzwellentherapie

Paul Groag, Victor Tomberg · 1933

INVESTIGATIONS CONCERNING THE INFLUENCE OF SHORT ELECTRICAL WAVES ON THE GROWTH OF BACTERIA

Dr. W. Haase, Dr. E. Schliephake · 1931

Lésions Viscérales Observées chez des Souris et des Rats Exposés aux Ondes Ultra-Courtes; Étude Particulière des Effets de ces Ondes sur la Reproduction de ces Animaux

L. MIRO, R. LOUBIERE, A. PFISTER

MICROWAVES AFFECT THERMOREGULATORY BEHAVIOR IN RATS

Stern

During each session, alternating 15-minute control and exposure periods presented 2450 MHz continuous wave microwaves at power densities of 5, 10, and 20 mW/cm². The proportion of time the heat lamp stayed on decreased as microwave power density increased, and a linear regression showed an intercept of 0.324, slope of -0.0063 (p<0.001), with power density accounting for 61% of the variation. Randomization tests confirmed significant differences at all power densities versus zero exposure (p<0.003), except at 5 mW/cm² versus all zero exposures (p=0.023) and versus adjacent 10 mW/cm² (p=0.021).

EXPOSURE LIMITS FOR MICROWAVE RADIATION - A CANADIAN PROPOSAL

Michael H. Repacholi

EXPOSURE OF PREGNANT MICE TO 2.45 GHz MICROWAVE RADIATION

Unknown authors

Handling alone lowered pregnancy rate from 86 percent to 72 percent during days 1-6, with further drops to 65 percent at 21 mW/cm2 and 50 percent at 30 mW/cm2, while heated controls showed no extra decrease. Congenital malformations increased significantly only at 30 mW/cm2 during days 6-15, rising from 1.7 percent to 3.1 percent, with two-thirds being cleft palate.

BIOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS OBSERVED UNDER MICROWAVE IRRADIATION

A. DEFICIS, J.C. DUMAS, S. LAURENS

FURTHER STUDIES OF TESTIS CYTOLOGY IN MICE IRRADIATED WITH 2450-MHZ MICROWAVES

Unknown authors

Considerations in the Evaluation of the Biological Effects of Exposure to Microwave Radiation

Stephen F. Cleary, William T. Ham, Jr.

Physical Agent: Radiofrequency

Unknown authors