Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed female mice to 20 kHz, 360 μT magnetic fields or sham continuously from 3 months of age in a blind design. Body mass development and survival rates did not differ between groups. Tumor incidence rates also showed no significant differences. The 8-arm maze test revealed no significant differences, but exposed mice had longer retention times on the Rotarod test. In the open field test, exposed mice had significantly fewer supported rears.
Mustafa E, Luukkonen J, Makkonen J, Naarala J · 2021
The researchers investigated the effects of 50 Hz extremely low-frequency magnetic fields on circadian gene expression, DNA damage signaling, and DNA repair after bleomycin treatment. Murine FDC-P1 hematopoietic cells were exposed to 200 μT magnetic fields for 15 minutes, 2 hours, 12 hours, or 24 hours. Immediate DNA damage was measured with a comet assay and circadian rhythm gene expression with real-time PCR. Circadian rhythm-related genes were upregulated after 12 hours and downregulated after 24 hours of exposure, but core circadian genes were not affected. The repair rate for bleomycin-induced DNA damage decreased only after 24 hours of magnetic field exposure.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers exposed human A172 glioblastoma cells to 1800 MHz continuous-wave or GSM-modulated RF fields at 2.0 W/kg for 5, 30, or 240 minutes with or without serum. They measured phosphorylated and total signal transduction proteins and antioxidant proteins using multiplex bead arrays. In serum-containing cultures, continuous-wave exposure decreased CAT expression after 30 minutes, total JNK at 30 and 240 minutes, STAT3 after 240 minutes, and phosphorylated CREB after 30 minutes. In serum-free cultures, GSM-modulated exposure decreased total STAT5 after 30 and 240 minutes. The authors concluded that the observed changes were sporadic across conditions and likely false positives, with no consistent evidence of changes in antioxidant or signal transduction proteins.
Unknown authors · 2021
Unknown authors · 2021
The study found that exposure to RFID signals at a specific absorption rate of 2 W/kg is sufficient to alter serotonin metabolism in rats. This effect occurred regardless of whether the exposure level was considered biohazardous.
Unknown authors · 2021
Both ELF-EMFs and microampere currents significantly reduced long-term potentiation. The effect of 0.1 μA current was similar to 100 Hz/2 mT ELF-EMFs, while 0.2 μA current had a stronger effect than 200 Hz/2 mT ELF-EMFs on high-frequency stimulation LTP.
Unknown authors · 2020
Researchers exposed young adult male Wistar rats to mobile phone radiofrequency electromagnetic field radiation at 1966.1 MHz, 4.0 mW/cm2, and 0.36 W/kg for 2 hours per day over 16 weeks. Another set of animals was kept under similar conditions without radiation exposure as controls. At the end of the exposure period, the rats were tested for fear memory and then euthanized to measure hippocampal oxidative stress, circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, and stress hormones. Exposed rats showed significantly increased hippocampal oxidative stress, elevated levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, increased adrenal gland weight, and higher levels of ACTH and corticosterone. However, changes in contextual fear memory were not statistically significant.
Unknown authors · 2020
Researchers exposed rats to mobile phone radiation (1966.1 MHz) for 2 hours daily over 16 weeks and found significant increases in brain oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and stress hormones. The study demonstrates that chronic cell phone radiation exposure can trigger biological stress responses in the brain and body, even at levels similar to everyday phone use.
Unknown authors · 2020
The study investigated molecular events associated with the synergistic activity of PEMFs and BMP2 on osteogenic differentiation. Human MSCs were exposed to PEMFs at 75 Hz and 1.5 mT in combination with BMP2 at the minimal dose able to induce differentiation. Researchers analyzed changes in BMP signaling pathway gene expression and phosphorylation of downstream proteins including SMAD1/5/8 and MAPK. Results showed synergistic activity on osteogenic differentiation transcription factors and markers, with increased BMP2, BMP6, and BMP type I receptor gene expression and activation of SMAD1/5/8 and p38 MAPK.
Unknown authors · 2020
Researchers exposed N9 microglial and SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to ELF-modulated 935 MHz RF-EMF at 4 W/kg for 2 and 24 hours. Exposure for 24 hours increased the autophagy marker ATG5, but did not change LC3B-I, LC3B-II, or pERK in either cell type. A transient increase in glutathione was observed only in SH-SY5Y cells, while hydrogen peroxide and cytochrome c oxidase were unaffected. Apoptosis, living cell number, and apoptosis-inducing factor were not altered by exposure at either duration.
Gulati et al. · 2020
Researchers compared genotoxic effects of three UMTS frequency channels used by 3G phones (1923, 1947.47, and 1977 MHz) in human lymphocytes. Human lymphocytes were exposed for 1 hour and 3 hours and tested for ROS, DNA damage, TP53 mutations, preleukemic fusion genes, and apoptosis. No effects were seen on ROS, apoptosis, preleukemic fusion genes, or TP53 mutations at any frequency, though bulk RNA expression was inhibited. A small but statistically significant increase in DNA damage occurred depending on the UMTS frequency channel, with the maximum effect at 1977.0 MHz.
Unknown authors · 2020
The study used 32 adult male BALB/c mice divided into four groups: control, melatonin (2 mg/kg intraperitoneally for 30 consecutive days), RF-EMR exposure (900 MHz, 100 to 300 MT, 54 to 160 W/m, 4 hours per day whole body), and melatonin plus RF-EMR. After exposure, researchers evaluated oxidative stress parameters, testosterone level, and testicular histopathology. RF-EMR exposure induced oxidative stress, testicular tissue damage, and decreased testosterone. Melatonin treatment improved oxidative stress parameters (MDA and GSH), testis injury score, increased germinal epithelial thickness and seminiferous tubule diameter, and decreased testosterone in EMR-exposed mice, with significant differences (p < .05).
Unknown authors · 2020
The study aimed to investigate the effects of 900 MHz EMF exposure (60 min/day for 28 days) on rat testis and to determine whether thymoquinone (10 mg/kg/day) reduced the deleterious effect. EMF exposure significantly decreased primary spermatocytes, spermatids, Leydig cells, serum testosterone, and testis weight compared to controls. Thymoquinone treatment significantly increased primary spermatocyte numbers compared to EMF alone.
Gulati et al. · 2020
Researchers exposed human immune cells to three different 3G cell phone frequencies (1923, 1947, and 1977 MHz) for 1-3 hours to test for DNA damage and cellular stress. They found small but significant DNA damage that varied by frequency, with 1977 MHz causing the most harm, while other cellular damage markers remained unchanged.
Unknown authors · 2020
Researchers exposed male mice to 900 MHz mobile phone radiation for 4 hours daily and found it caused testicular damage, oxidative stress, and decreased testosterone levels. However, when mice were also given melatonin supplements, the hormone significantly reduced these harmful effects. This suggests melatonin's antioxidant properties may help protect reproductive health from cell phone radiation exposure.
Azimzadeh M, Jelodar G · 2020
The study examined the effects of 900 MHz RFW on brain iron, copper, zinc, and manganese concentrations and the protective role of vitamin E. Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control, vitamin E only, vitamin E plus RFW exposure, and RFW exposure only. The rats were exposed to RFW for 30 consecutive days at 4 hours per day while freely moving in the cage. Brain tissue levels of the elements were measured on the last day using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Exposure significantly increased iron, copper, manganese, and the copper-to-zinc ratio while decreasing zinc, and vitamin E pre-treatment improved iron, copper, manganese, and the ratio but not zinc.
Azimzadeh M, Jelodar G · 2020
This study examined the effects of 900 MHz radiofrequency exposure on trace element concentrations (iron, copper, zinc, and manganese) in rat brain tissue, and investigated whether vitamin E pretreatment could provide protective effects. The results showed that radiofrequency exposure disrupted trace element homeostasis by increasing iron, copper, and manganese levels while decreasing zinc, and vitamin E supplementation partially mitigated these changes.
Azimzadeh M et al. · 2020
Researchers exposed pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats and their pups to 900 MHz radiofrequency waves from a base transceiver station antenna during gestation or the first 21 days after birth for 2 h/d or 4 h/d. Passive avoidance learning and memory were assessed in 45-day-old pups with a shuttle box, and hippocampal histomorphology was examined. All exposed subgroups showed impaired passive avoidance learning and memory, the prenatal exposure group had the greatest deficit, and a mild decrease in pyramidal cell density was seen in exposed subgroups I and III.
Azimzadeh M, Jelodar G · 2020
Researchers exposed pregnant rats and newborn rat pups to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation (similar to cell phone towers) and tested their learning and memory abilities at 45 days old. All exposed groups showed impaired learning and memory performance, with prenatal exposure causing the most severe effects. Brain tissue examination revealed decreased nerve cell density in memory-related brain regions.
Unknown authors · 2020
Vafaei S, Motejaded F, Ebrahimzadeh-Bideskan A · 2020
Unknown authors · 2020
Unknown authors · 2020
Jeong et al. · 2020
Public concerns exist about deleterious biological consequences of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. These concerns have led to wide consideration of the potential effects of RF-EMF on the central nervous system.
Jeong et al. · 2020
Researchers exposed mice to 1,950 MHz radiofrequency radiation (similar to cell phone frequencies) for an extended period and observed behavioral changes along with alterations in gene expression patterns. The study focused on potential effects to the central nervous system, finding measurable impacts on both mouse behavior and genetic activity. This adds to growing evidence that chronic RF exposure may influence brain function and cellular processes.
