Outdoor EMF Infrastructure Research

Estimation of Protein Hydration by Dielectric Measurements at Microwave Frequencies

G. H. Haggis, T. J. Buchanan, J. B. Hasted · 1951

Influence des ondes à haute fréquence sur l'hypercholestérinémie

Albert DE LOZ · 1951

L'azione delle microonde sui batteri

Maurizio Terni, Pietro Lombardini · 1951

EXPERIMENTAL CATARACT PRODUCED BY THREE CENTIMETER PULSED MICROWAVE IRRADIATIONS

A. W. Richardson, T. D. Duane, H. M. Hines · 1951

1950 MHz Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation Inhibits Testosterone Secretion of Mouse Leydig Cells

Unknown authors · 1950

Researchers exposed mouse Leydig (TM3) cells to 1950 MHz RF radiation at a specific absorption rate of 3 W/kg for 24 hours. They measured cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, testosterone levels, and StAR and P450scc mRNA expression at multiple time points up to 5 days after exposure. After 24 hours of exposure, cell proliferation, testosterone secretion, and P450scc mRNA levels decreased, while apoptosis, ROS, and StAR mRNA levels did not change significantly.

1950 MHz Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation Inhibits Testosterone Secretion of Mouse Leydig Cells

Unknown authors · 1950

This study examined the effects of 1950 MHz radio frequency electromagnetic radiation on mouse Leydig cells, exposing them to 3 W/kg SAR for 24 hours. The researchers found that the radiation exposure decreased cell proliferation, altered cell cycle distribution, reduced testosterone secretion, and lowered P450scc mRNA expression, while apoptosis and ROS levels showed no significant changes.

1950 MHz Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Radiation Inhibits Testosterone Secretion of Mouse Leydig Cells

Unknown authors · 1950

This study examined the effects of 1950 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation at 3 W/kg on mouse Leydig cells (TM3). The researchers found that 24-hour exposure resulted in decreased cell proliferation, reduced testosterone secretion, and lower P450scc mRNA expression, while apoptosis and ROS levels did not change significantly.

1950 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields do not aggravate memory deficits in 5xFAD mice

Unknown authors · 1950

Researchers exposed genetically modified Alzheimer's mice to 1950 MHz radiofrequency radiation (similar to cell phone frequencies) for 3 months to see if it worsened memory problems. The EMF exposure did not make memory deficits worse or increase harmful brain protein deposits. This suggests cell phone radiation may not accelerate Alzheimer's-like brain damage, at least in this animal model.

Radiofrequency radiation at 1950 MHz (UMTS) does not affect key cellular endpoints in neuron‐like PC12 cells

Unknown authors · 1950

1950 MHz IMT-2000 field does not activate microglial cells in vitro

Unknown authors · 1950

Researchers exposed rat brain immune cells (microglia) to 1950 MHz cell phone radiation at various power levels for 2 hours and monitored them for 3 days. The study found no activation of these immune cells and no inflammatory response, even at radiation levels up to 2 W/kg. This suggests that this specific frequency may not trigger brain inflammation in laboratory conditions.

THE EFFECT OF MICROWAVES ON BONE AND BONE MARROW AND ON ADJACENT TISSUES

Joseph P. Engel et al. · 1950

Researchers exposed anesthetized and trained dogs to microwave diathermy at 2,450 megacycles per second and measured temperature changes in tibial cortex, marrow, muscle, and subcutaneous tissue. For subcutaneously located bone, 30 minutes at 65 watts raised tibial cortex temperature by 5.0 degrees (C.) and marrow by 3.4 degrees (C.). For submuscularly located bone, the same exposure raised cortex by 3.8 degrees (C.) and marrow by 3.0 degrees (C.). A rectangular director allowed higher temperatures in subcutaneously located bone without excessively heating adjacent soft tissue. An impedance-matching transformer increased tissue temperature rises by approximately 300 per cent.

The effects of microwaves - A preliminary investigation

Boyle AC, Cook HF, Buchanan TJ · 1950

Measurement of the Dielectric Constant and Loss of Solids and Liquids by a Cavity Perturbation Method

George Birnbaum · 1949

FOCAL NEUROLOGICAL LESIONS PRODUCED BY MICROWAVE IRRADIATION

W. H. Oldendorf · 1949

Temperature dependence of the dielectric constant of blood at low frequencies

H. Schwan · 1948

This 1948 research by Schwan examined how temperature affects the dielectric properties of human blood when exposed to low-frequency electromagnetic fields. The study investigated how blood's electrical characteristics change with temperature variations, providing foundational data for understanding how EMF interacts with biological tissues. This early work helped establish the scientific basis for measuring electromagnetic effects in living systems.

Testicular Degeneration as a Result of Microwave Irradiation

C. J. Imig, J. D. Thomson, H. M. Hines · 1948

HEATING OF HUMAN AND ANIMAL TISSUES BY MEANS OF HIGH FREQUENCY CURRENT WITH WAVELENGTH OF TWELVE CENTIMETERS

OSBORNE, SL, FREDERICK, MS · 1948

IMPORTANCE OF CURRENT FORM AND FREQUENCY IN ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF MUSCLES - Studies in Retardation of Muscle Atrophy in the Dog

A. J. KOSMAN, S. L. OSBORNE, A. C. IVY · 1948

Heating of human tissues by micro wave radiation

Horvath SM, Miller RN, Hutt BK · 1948

This 1948 study by Horvath examined how microwave radiation heats human tissues, investigating temperature gradients and thermal effects in the body. The research explored microwave diathermy applications and measured tissue temperature changes during exposure. This represents some of the earliest scientific investigation into how microwave energy interacts with human biology.

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON THE HEATING AND CIRCULATORY EFFECTS OF MICRO-WAVES—'RADAR'

URSULA M. LEDEN et al. · 1947

Concerning the question of selective overheating of single cells in biological tissue by means of ultrashortwave-flowthrough

H. Schaefer, H. Schwan · 1947

THE REPRESENTATION OF DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES AND THE PRINCIPLES UNDERLYING THEIR MEASUREMENT AT CENTIMETRE WAVELENGTHS

Willis Jackson · 1946

Variazioni leucocitarie dopo applicazione di onde corte nel campo ginecologico

T. M. Caffaratto · 1946

Dispersion and Absorption in Dielectrics I. Alternating Current Characteristics

Kenneth S. Cole, Robert H. Cole · 1941

This 1941 technical study by K.S. Cole examined how dielectric materials (insulators like those in electronic devices) respond to alternating current electrical fields. The research explored fundamental properties like dielectric constants and relaxation times that determine how materials absorb and scatter electromagnetic energy.

THE ACTION OF SHORT RADIO WAVES ON TISSUES III. A COMPARISON OF THE THERMAL SENSITIVITIES OF TRANSPLANTABLE TUMOURS IN VIVO AND IN VITRO

HERBERT J. JOHNSON · 1940