Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers exposed aged mice to 50 Hz ELF-MF at 1 mT for 8 hours per day, 5 days per week for 12 weeks. Sham-exposed aged mice showed a significant age-related decline in spatial memory compared to young adult mice. Chronic ELF-MF exposure did not worsen this memory decline or change hippocampal levels of APP-695, Aβ(1−42), S100b, GFAP, or the pTau/Tau ratio.
Unknown authors · 2025
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers exposed planaria to a theta burst electromagnetic field of 1 μT intensity and 100 Hz bursts in a T-maze with an aversive light stimulus. Planaria that received only the light stimulus learned to avoid the associated maze arm, shown by a significant decrease in preferred arm selections. Planaria exposed to the electromagnetic field before or after light exposure did not show this learning, as their arm selections remained stable.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers pre-applied ELF-EMF to a neuroblastoma neuronal cell line before exposing it to 4 hours of zinc intoxication to model Tau-microtubule dissociation. The ELF-EMF exposure enhanced microtubule dynamics and increased Tau-microtubule interaction despite zinc toxicity. Additional 1-hour concomitant treatments comparing 3.9 Hz and 40 Hz at 1 G showed effects on Tau phosphorylation accentuated at 40 Hz and reduction in beta tubulin isotypes most pronounced at 3.9 Hz.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers used APP/PS1 double transgenic AD model mice, grouped them by water maze performance, and applied 40 Hz/10 mT pulsed magnetic field stimulation. Compared with the AD group, the stimulated group showed alleviation of mitochondrial crest structure loss and significant improvement in mitochondrial dynamics indexes (P < 0.001). The stimulation also improved sympathetic nerve excitation and parasympathetic nerve inhibition, and significantly improved spatial cognitive memory ability (P < 0.05).
Unknown authors · 2025
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers exposed several human and rodent cell types to 60 Hz ELF-MF at 10 and 16 mT for 72 hours. All cell types showed an approximately 20% or greater increase in proliferation at 14 mT compared with sham exposure, with no further increase at 16 mT. The proliferation increase was accompanied by activation of the MEK-ERK pathway and NF-κB, but not Akt, and a slight increase in S phase population, while ROS and calcium levels remained unchanged.
Gülmez K, Demirkazık A, Taşkıran AŞ · 2025
Twenty-four Wistar albino male rats were divided into sham, EMF, PTZ, and EMF+PTZ groups and exposed to alternating 50-Hz and 5-mT EMF for 165 min a day for 7 days while epileptic seizures were induced with PTZ. A statistically significant difference was observed in learning and short-term memory between the EMF+PTZ group and the PTZ group. Analgesia latency statistically significantly increased in the ELF-EMF and ELF-EMF+PTZ groups compared with both the control and epilepsy groups. TOS increased in the prefrontal cortex of the PTZ group versus sham, increased in the hippocampus of both PTZ and ELF-EMF+PTZ groups versus sham, and ELF-EMF decreased the hippocampal TOS increase in the PTZ group.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers exposed various human and animal cells to 60 Hz magnetic fields at industrial-strength levels (10-16 mT) for 72 hours. They found that 14 mT exposure increased cell multiplication by at least 20% across all cell types tested, including cancer cells, by activating specific cellular growth pathways. The effect occurred without changes in cellular stress markers or calcium levels.
Zywicka A, Dunisławska A, Fijalkowski K · 2025
K. xylinus cells were subjected to a rotating magnetic field at frequencies of 5 and 50 Hz for durations ranging from 12 to 72 h. Gene expression was assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RMF exposure significantly enhanced BC production efficiency, with average wet and dry BC yields increasing by 28% and 18% and upregulated bcs gene expression showing statistically significant changes at both frequencies and all time points, the strongest effects at 5 Hz.
Eduardo PI, Leticia VD · 2025
Gülmez K, Demirkazık A, Taşkıran AŞ · 2025
Researchers exposed rats to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields (like those from power lines) for 7 days and found the EMF actually improved learning and memory in epileptic animals while reducing brain oxidative stress. The study suggests power line frequency EMF may have protective effects on brain function under certain conditions.
Kakikawa M, Kenmochi A, Yamada S · 2025
The magnetic field reduced the number of feeding aggregates by 40% in the IM222 mutant and by 25% in the DA609 mutant. The same magnetic field did not affect the mutants' movement speed or attraction to the odorant diacetyl over 90 minutes.
Iakovenko NS et al. · 2025
Researchers investigated the effects of alternating MF generated by PL on spontaneous magnetic alignment in 36 dogs. Behavior was recorded under north–south (NS) and east–west (EW) oriented PL and compared with control conditions lacking anthropogenic MF. Under control geomagnetically calm conditions, alignment was bimodal with a grand mean of 23°/203°. Under NS-oriented PL, alignment remained bimodal with a grand mean of 5°/185°. Under EW-oriented PL, alignment became trimodal with a grand mean of 103°/283°.
Unknown authors · 2024
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers exposed adipose-derived stem cells to a 50 Hz electromagnetic field at 1.5 mT for 24 and 48 hours. After 24 hours of exposure, N6-methyladenosine RNA methylation significantly increased. The expression of stem cell markers Nanog, Oct-4, Sox-2, CD44, and CD105 increased after 24 hours of exposure. Western blot analysis showed upregulation of p21 and DNMT2/TRDMT1 protein levels with no change in p53. Cell membrane flexibility, metabolic potential, and mitochondrial distribution, morphology, and metabolism were altered after 24 hours.
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers stimulated SH-SY5Y neuronal cells with hydrogen peroxide or amyloid-β peptide and activated N9 microglial cells with lipopolysaccharide or amyloid-β peptide. Cells were exposed to pulsed electromagnetic fields with a pulse duration of 1.3 ms and a frequency of 75 Hz. The fields defended SH-SY5Y cells against oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, and cell death induced by amyloid-β or hydrogen peroxide. In microglia activated by lipopolysaccharide or amyloid-β, the fields reverted the reduction in mitochondrial potential, oxidative damage, and cell death.
Unknown authors · 2024
Wydorski PJ, Kozlowska W, Zmijewska A, Franczak A · 2024
Researchers exposed porcine endometrial slices to a 50 Hz ELF-EMF for 2 hours in vitro. They measured mRNA and protein levels of genes involved in DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNA biogenesis. They also assessed EED and SUZ12 transcripts, global DNA methylation, and HDAC activity. Exposure changed the abundance of DNMT1, DNMT3a, EZH2, EED, SUZ12, global DNA methylation, HDAC activity, and microRNA biogenesis proteins.
Wydorski PJ, Kozlowska W, Zmijewska A, Franczak A · 2024
Polish researchers exposed pig uterine tissue to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields (the same frequency as power lines) for 2 hours and found significant changes in genes that control DNA methylation and other cellular processes. The EMF exposure altered multiple epigenetic mechanisms that regulate gene expression, potentially disrupting normal biological processes during early pregnancy implantation.
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers isolated neural stem cells from the telencephalic wall of B6(Cg)-Tyrc-2J/J mouse embryos and divided them into three experimental groups and three controls. Each experimental group was exposed to 50Hz ELF-EMFs of varied strengths for 1 h. High-strength ELF-EMF significantly increased GFAP expression while low-strength ELF-EMF decreased it. High-strength ELF-EMF significantly increased β-3 tubulin immunoreactivity, while medium- and low-strength ELF-EMF decreased it. Medium-strength ELF-EMF significantly upregulated NES expression.
Sissons SM, Dotta BT · 2024
Researchers exposed perinatal rats to tap water, L-arginine, or N-methylarginine, with half of each group also receiving a 7-Hz square-wave EMF at 5, 50, or 500 nT for 2 to 14 days after birth. Brains were harvested in adulthood at a mean age of 568.17 days and stained with Toluidine Blue O for neuronal counts in the hippocampus, cortices, amygdala, and hypothalamus. Histological analysis revealed a main EMF effect of increased neuronal counts in the secondary somatosensory cortex at low intensities, a significant increase in the left CA3 region in exposed females, and a significant increase in the right entorhinal cortex in exposed males.
Sissons SM, Dotta BT · 2024
Researchers exposed rats to 7 Hz electromagnetic fields during early brain development and found increased neuron counts in specific brain regions, with effects varying by sex. Male and female rats showed different patterns of brain changes, particularly in the hippocampus and sensory cortex areas. The findings suggest that low-frequency EMF exposure during critical developmental periods can alter brain structure in ways that persist into adulthood.
Klimek A et al. · 2024
Researchers exposed rats to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at 1 and 7 mT for 1 hour per day over 7 days, repeated the procedure three times, and measured adrenaline, noradrenaline, MHPG, and β2-adrenergic receptor expression. After each exposure, some rats underwent a behavioural test to assess stress response to subsequent stress factors. ELF-EMF at 1 mT induced adaptive changes in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus system. Exposure to 7 mT increased stress system activity, causing sensitization to a different stress factor, profoundly decreased β2-adrenergic receptor levels, and moderately increased anxiety-related behaviour.
Unknown authors · 2024
After four weeks the offspring were sacrificed and hippocampal, kidney, and liver tissues were examined for injury. EMF exposure increased necrotic areas in the hippocampus, hyperemia and necrosis in the kidneys, and degeneration in the liver compared with the group that received both EMF and curcumin. Daily curcumin during pregnancy prevented these tissue injuries in the fetuses.
