Chung YH et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed laboratory rats to 60 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as household electrical systems) for 2 to 5 days and found significant changes in brain chemistry. The magnetic field exposure altered levels of key neurotransmitters including serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine across multiple brain regions. These chemical messengers control mood, movement, attention, and other critical brain functions.
de Groot MW, van Kleef RG, de Groot A, Westerink RH · 2015
Dutch scientists exposed developing rat brain cells to power line magnetic fields for seven days. They found minimal effects only at extremely high exposures (1000 microtesla) - about 10,000 times stronger than typical home levels. Normal residential exposures showed no significant developmental impacts.
Jankowska M et al. · 2015
Polish researchers exposed cockroaches to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields (the same frequency used in electrical power systems) and found it changed how their nervous systems responded to scorpion toxin. The EMF exposure altered nerve activity patterns and reduced the toxin's effectiveness, demonstrating that power frequency fields can modify how the nervous system functions at the cellular level.
Legros A, Modolo J, Brown S, Roberston J, Thomas AW. · 2015
Researchers scanned people's brains after one-hour exposure to 60 Hz magnetic fields from power lines. Brain scans showed altered activation patterns during tasks, even though performance stayed normal. This suggests magnetic field exposure can change how the brain functions, with effects lasting after exposure ends.
Liu X et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed rats with artificially induced Alzheimer's disease symptoms to 50-Hz electromagnetic fields (the same frequency as household power lines) for 60 days. The EMF exposure actually improved the rats' memory and reduced brain damage associated with Alzheimer's disease. This suggests that certain types of electromagnetic field exposure might have protective effects on the brain, contrary to concerns about EMF causing neurological harm.
Zhao QR, Lu JM, Yao JJ, Zhang ZY, Ling C, Mei YA. · 2015
Researchers exposed mice to 50 Hz magnetic fields from power lines for 12 hours daily, finding it impaired memory recognition and damaged brain cells in the hippocampus. The damage was reversible with protective proteins, showing power-line frequencies can measurably affect brain function.
Duan W et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed mouse sperm cells to two types of electromagnetic fields - 50 Hz extremely low frequency (like power lines) and 1800 MHz radiofrequency (like cell phones) - to compare DNA damage. They found that high-intensity ELF fields caused DNA strand breaks, while high-intensity RF fields caused oxidative DNA damage through different mechanisms. The study suggests both types of EMF can damage DNA at high exposure levels, but through distinct biological pathways.
Kesari KK, Luukkonen J, Juutilainen J, Naarala J · 2015
Researchers exposed human brain cells to 50 Hz magnetic fields (the type from power lines) for 24 hours and tracked genetic damage for up to 45 days afterward. They found that the magnetic field exposure caused DNA damage that persisted for at least 30 days, and this damage wasn't prevented by antioxidants, suggesting the fields directly affect cellular genetics rather than just causing oxidative stress.
Lai J et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed adult male rats to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 100 microtesla for 24 weeks and tested their behavior, memory, and brain structure. The study found no effects on anxiety, depression, learning ability, or brain tissue compared to unexposed rats. This suggests that prolonged exposure to this level of extremely low frequency magnetic fields may not cause behavioral or cognitive problems.
Komaki A, Khalili A, Salehi I, Shahidi S, Sarihi A. · 2014
Researchers exposed rats to 50Hz electromagnetic fields from power lines for 90 days and found enhanced brain connections in the hippocampus, the memory center. This suggests chronic exposure to everyday electrical fields may alter how our brains process and store information.
Li Y, Yan X, Liu J, Li L, Hu X, Sun H, Tian J. · 2014
Researchers exposed newborn rat nerve cells to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields for two hours and found increased production of BDNF, a protein essential for nerve growth and brain health. The fields activated specific calcium channels and cellular pathways, demonstrating how electromagnetic exposure directly influences nerve cell function and brain development.
Rauš Balind S, Selaković V, Radenović L, Prolić Z, Janać B. · 2014
Researchers exposed stroke-damaged gerbils to power line frequency magnetic fields for seven days. While initially increasing brain stress, the magnetic field exposure ultimately protected against stroke damage, returning brain stress markers to normal levels by day fourteen, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits.
Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhang J, Li N. · 2014
Researchers exposed rats to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (the same type emitted by power lines and household appliances) for 12 weeks to see if it would cause Alzheimer's-like brain changes. They found no effects on memory, learning ability, or brain proteins associated with Alzheimer's disease. The study suggests that short-term exposure to these magnetic fields at typical environmental levels may not directly cause cognitive problems.
Choi YK, Lee DH, Seo YK, Jung H, Park JK, Cho H. · 2014
Researchers used 50 Hz electromagnetic fields (the same frequency as power lines) combined with magnetic nanoparticles to study stem cells from human bone marrow. They found that this EMF exposure enhanced the cells' ability to transform into nerve cells. This suggests that extremely low-frequency EMFs can influence how stem cells develop and differentiate.
Manikonda PK et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed young rats to extremely low frequency magnetic fields (the type emitted by power lines and household appliances) for 90 days and found significant oxidative stress damage throughout their brains. The damage was dose-dependent, meaning higher magnetic field levels caused more harm, and affected different brain regions differently. This suggests that chronic exposure to these common magnetic fields may disrupt normal brain function by overwhelming the brain's natural defense systems.
Manikonda PK et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed young rats to 50 Hz magnetic fields from power lines for 90 days and found significant brain damage from oxidative stress. Higher magnetic field levels caused more harm across multiple brain regions, including areas controlling memory and movement, suggesting potential neurological effects.
Salunke BP, Umathe SN, Chavan JG. · 2014
Researchers exposed mice to 50 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as household electricity) for up to 120 days and measured anxiety-like behaviors. The magnetic field exposure significantly increased anxiety in the animals, and the researchers identified that this effect occurred through changes in NMDA receptors in the brain. The study provides biological evidence that long-term exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields can alter brain chemistry and behavior.
Roivainen P, Eskelinen T, Jokela K, Juutilainen J · 2014
Researchers measured electromagnetic field exposure for store cashiers working near security gates that detect unpaid merchandise. While normal workplace exposure stayed within safety limits, magnetic field levels briefly exceeded international guidelines when cashiers walked through the gates themselves, suggesting potential health risks.
Jung IS, Kim HJ, Noh R, Kim SC, Kim CW. · 2014
Researchers exposed nerve cells to 50 Hz magnetic fields (power line frequency) for five days. The magnetic fields enhanced nerve cell growth, increasing nerve extensions and proteins needed for nerve development. This suggests power line frequencies might stimulate nerve regeneration and offer insights for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
Seifirad S et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed rats to 60 Hz electromagnetic fields (household electricity frequency) for single sessions or 14 days. Both exposures increased cellular damage markers, but chronic exposure caused potentially irreversible harm to the body's antioxidant defense systems that protect against cellular damage.
Yoon HE, Lee JS, Myung SH, Lee YS · 2014
Researchers exposed human lung cells to 60-Hz magnetic fields at different strengths and measured DNA damage markers. They found that stronger magnetic fields (2 mT) caused DNA damage on their own and made cells more vulnerable to radiation damage, while weaker fields (1 mT) had no effect. This suggests that power-frequency magnetic fields can damage DNA at high enough levels.
Dimitrijević D, Savić T, Anđelković M, Prolić Z, Janać B. · 2014
Scientists exposed fruit flies to 50 Hz magnetic fields (power line frequency) and found the fields reduced adult fly movement and activity, regardless of when exposure occurred. This demonstrates that common electrical frequencies can alter nervous system function in living organisms.
Dimitrijević D, Savić T, Anđelković M, Prolić Z, Janać B. · 2014
Researchers exposed fruit flies to 50 Hz magnetic fields (the same frequency as power lines) at 0.5 milliTesla for 48 hours and tracked their development and behavior. The magnetic field exposure shortened development time, increased survival rates, but significantly reduced the flies' movement and activity levels. This study demonstrates that extremely low frequency magnetic fields can alter both biological development and nervous system function in living organisms.
Shafiei SA, Firoozabadi SM, Tabatabaie KR, Ghabaee M. · 2014
Researchers exposed different areas of the brain to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (3-45 Hz) at various intensities and measured changes in brain wave patterns using EEG. They found significant alterations in brain electrical activity, particularly reductions in alpha waves in frontal and central brain regions. The findings suggest these magnetic fields can measurably alter brain function, which the researchers propose could be developed into therapeutic protocols.
Afrasiabi A et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed brain tissue samples from sheep to electromagnetic fields at power line frequencies (50-230 Hz) and found that certain field strengths reduced the activity of acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that breaks down the brain chemical acetylcholine. This enzyme is crucial for memory, learning, and cognitive function. The findings suggest that EMF exposure could potentially disrupt normal brain chemistry by affecting how neurotransmitters are regulated.
