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Apoptosis induced by ultraviolet radiation is enhanced by amplitude modulated radiofrequency radiation in mutant yeast cells.

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Markkanen A, Penttinen P, Naarala J, Pelkonen J, Sihvonen A-P, Juutilainen J · 2004

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Pulsed cell phone radiation amplified UV-induced cell death in vulnerable yeast at typical phone exposure levels, but continuous radiation didn't.

Plain English Summary

Summary written for general audiences

Finnish researchers exposed yeast cells to cell phone radiation while damaging them with UV light. Pulsed radiation at 900 MHz significantly increased cell death in vulnerable cells, while continuous radiation at identical power levels had no effect, suggesting pulsing patterns matter for cellular stress responses.

Why This Matters

This study reveals a crucial detail often overlooked in EMF research: the pulsing pattern of wireless signals matters as much as their intensity. The researchers used SAR levels of 0.4 to 3.0 W/kg, which overlap with typical cell phone exposures during calls (around 1-2 W/kg). What makes this finding significant is that it demonstrates how RF radiation can act as a co-stressor, amplifying damage from other sources like UV radiation - but only when the signal is pulsed at 217 times per second, similar to GSM cell phone signals.

The reality is that virtually all our wireless devices use pulsed signals, from cell phones to WiFi routers. This research suggests we need to look beyond simple power measurements and consider how the modulation patterns of our wireless technologies might interact with other environmental stressors our cells encounter daily. While this was conducted in yeast cells, it points to biological mechanisms that warrant investigation in human cells.

Exposure Details

SAR
0.4 or 3.0 W/kg
Source/Device
900 or 872 MHz

Where This Falls on the Concern Scale

Study Exposure Level in ContextA logarithmic scale showing exposure levels relative to Building Biology concern thresholds and regulatory limits.Study Exposure Level in ContextThis study: 0.4 or 3.0 W/kgExtreme Concern0.1 W/kgFCC Limit1.6 W/kgEffects observed in the Extreme Concern range (Building Biology)FCC limit is 4x higher than this exposure level

Study Details

The aim of this study was to investigate whether radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure affects cell death processes of yeast cells.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells of the strains KFy417 (wild-type) and KFy437 (cdc48-mutant) wer...

Amplitude modulated (217 pulses per second) RF exposure significantly enhanced UV induced apoptosis ...

The findings suggest that amplitude modulated RF fields, together with known damaging agents, can affect the cell death process in mutated yeast cells.

Cite This Study
Markkanen A, Penttinen P, Naarala J, Pelkonen J, Sihvonen A-P, Juutilainen J (2004). Apoptosis induced by ultraviolet radiation is enhanced by amplitude modulated radiofrequency radiation in mutant yeast cells. Bioelectromagnetics 25:127-133, 2004.
Show BibTeX
@article{a_2004_apoptosis_induced_by_ultraviolet_1183,
  author = {Markkanen A and Penttinen P and Naarala J and Pelkonen J and Sihvonen A-P and Juutilainen J},
  title = {Apoptosis induced by ultraviolet radiation is enhanced by amplitude modulated radiofrequency radiation in mutant yeast cells.},
  year = {2004},
  
  url = {https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14735563/},
}

Quick Questions About This Study

Finnish researchers exposed yeast cells to cell phone radiation while damaging them with UV light. Pulsed radiation at 900 MHz significantly increased cell death in vulnerable cells, while continuous radiation at identical power levels had no effect, suggesting pulsing patterns matter for cellular stress responses.