C. J. Chilton
This review by Chilton examined the scientific literature on biological radio communication, exploring concepts like telepathy and electromagnetic field interactions with human biology. The study investigated whether humans might naturally transmit or receive electromagnetic signals through biological processes. This research represents early scientific inquiry into potential electromagnetic communication mechanisms in living systems.
Unknown authors
Researchers exposed rats to 1.3 GHz pulse-modulated microwave radiation for 2-3 weeks, 3 hours daily, at power levels up to 2.6 mW/g to test effects on the blood-brain barrier. They used sodium barbital absorption rates as a marker but found no significant changes. This contradicts other studies showing microwave radiation can compromise the blood-brain barrier at non-thermal levels.
Unknown authors
Researchers compared how low-frequency magnetic fields and electric currents trigger phosphenes (visual flashes when eyes are closed). Both methods produced nearly identical visual effects up to 20 Hz, but magnetic fields showed unique sensitivity patterns at higher frequencies around 30-35 Hz. This reveals fundamental differences in how electromagnetic energy interacts with human visual perception.
Unknown authors
Researchers exposed rats to microwave energy at two power levels (50 and 125 μW/cm²) and tested their behavioral responses using a tail pinch test that measures brain dopamine system function. Both exposed groups showed significantly different behavioral patterns compared to unexposed control rats, suggesting microwave radiation affects the brain's dopamine pathways that control movement and behavior.
Unknown authors
This Department of Energy study examined how high-intensity 60 Hz electric fields affect baboon behavior, using field strengths up to 60 kV/m (60,000 volts per meter). Researchers observed both individual performance tasks and natural social behaviors before, during, and after exposure. This was preliminary work to develop protocols for a larger study on biological effects of power line frequency fields.
Unknown authors
Researchers tested whether 2450 MHz microwave radiation could open the blood-brain barrier in rats using a special direct contact applicator for precise exposure control. Even at power levels up to 28 mW/g in brain tissue for 20 minutes, the microwaves did not cause barrier opening or brain staining. This finding suggests the blood-brain barrier remains intact under these specific microwave exposure conditions.
Unknown authors
Researchers exposed rats to extremely high-intensity 918 MHz microwave radiation (60 mW/g) to see if the animals would learn to escape to a safe area. The rats failed to learn escape behavior from microwave exposure alone, but did learn when a light cue was paired with the radiation. This suggests that even near-lethal microwave radiation lacks the sensory qualities that animals can detect and respond to.
Unknown authors
Researchers exposed pregnant rats and their offspring to 100-MHz radiofrequency radiation for months, finding no effects on growth, immune function, or blood counts. However, the study revealed significant changes in brain acetylcholinesterase activity, an enzyme critical for nerve signal transmission.
Unknown authors
Researchers examined how radio frequency electromagnetic fields affect brain wave patterns in rabbits using electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. The study focused on changes in spindle waves and other brain activity patterns when rabbits were exposed to RF radiation. This type of research helps scientists understand how wireless signals might influence normal brain function.
Unknown authors
This technical report examined how 60 Hz electric fields from power lines affect the central nervous system of laboratory rats. The study investigated whether the electrical fields surrounding power transmission equipment could influence brain and nervous system function in animal models. The research contributes to understanding potential neurological effects from power frequency electromagnetic field exposure.
Unknown authors
Researchers developed a new experimental system to test how sensitive rats are to detecting 60 Hz electric fields, the same frequency used in power lines and household electrical systems. The study focused on creating precise testing methods rather than reporting specific findings. This research helps establish how animals might naturally sense the electric fields we're all exposed to daily.
Unknown authors
This rodent study investigated whether radiofrequency radiation can alter the blood-brain barrier, the protective membrane that controls what substances can enter the brain. Researchers used fluorescein and amino acids as tracer molecules to measure barrier permeability changes in mice and rats exposed to RF radiation. The findings were mixed, showing some evidence of barrier disruption under certain conditions.
Unknown authors
Researchers exposed rats to 987 MHz microwave radiation to study conditioned taste aversion (CTA), a behavioral response where animals learn to avoid foods associated with illness or discomfort. This study examined whether microwave exposure at this specific frequency could trigger learned avoidance behaviors in laboratory animals, suggesting potential biological effects from this type of electromagnetic radiation.
Unknown authors
Researchers measured temperature increases in monkey heads exposed to microwave radiation at 2.5 and 1.2 GHz frequencies, comparing results between living anesthetized monkeys, cadaver heads, and tissue-equivalent spheres. The study used high-precision temperature monitoring to track how radiofrequency energy is absorbed and distributed in brain tissue. This research provides direct measurements of thermal effects from microwave exposure in primate heads.
Unknown authors
Researchers tested an invasive microwave probe system designed to create localized hyperthermia (controlled heating) in dog brain tissue, likely for cancer treatment applications. The study focused on measuring thermal effects when microwave energy is delivered directly into brain tissue through an implanted antenna. This research explores how microwaves can be precisely controlled to heat specific areas of the brain for therapeutic purposes.
Unknown authors
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to 2450 MHz microwave radiation (500 μW/cm²) for 20 hours daily during pregnancy. The exposed offspring showed seven times higher death rates, delayed eye opening, temperature regulation problems, and lasting behavioral and growth changes into adulthood. The study demonstrates that prenatal microwave exposure can cause significant developmental problems even when no effects are visible at birth.
Unknown authors
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to 2450 MHz microwave radiation at 500 microwatts per square centimeter throughout pregnancy to study developmental effects on offspring. This study replicated earlier work using different frequency microwaves to investigate how prenatal EMF exposure might affect physiological and behavioral development in mammals.
Unknown authors
Researchers developed a sophisticated computer-controlled facility to study how long-term exposure to low-level microwave radiation affects rat behavior. The study used 1.3 GHz pulsed radar signals to simultaneously test 16 control and 16 exposed rats, measuring dose-response relationships between microwave exposure and behavioral changes.
Victor T. Tomberg
This review examined decades of research on biological effects from short wave and microwave radiation, focusing on high-power exposures. The study aimed to establish what biological damage occurs, why it happens, and what safety levels are needed for workers near high-power transmitters and radiating fields.
Vogt, A.
This early research by Vogt measured how infrared radiation passes through different parts of the human eye, including the eyeball itself, its internal structures, and the eyelid. The study examined the eye's transparency to infrared energy, which is relevant to understanding how electromagnetic radiation interacts with one of our most sensitive organs. This foundational work helped establish how the eye responds to non-visible electromagnetic radiation.
Kenneth J. Oscar, T. Daryl Hawkins
Researchers exposed rats to 1.3 GHz microwave radiation for 20 minutes and found it temporarily opened the blood-brain barrier, allowing normally blocked substances to enter the brain. The effect occurred at very low power levels (less than 3 mW/cm²) and lasted up to 4 hours after exposure.
C. J. Chilton
This review examined research on biological radio communication, exploring whether humans and other organisms might naturally transmit or receive electromagnetic signals. The study investigated concepts like telepathy, biocurrents, and electromagnetic field interactions with biological systems. While no specific findings are available, this represents early scientific inquiry into whether living beings use electromagnetic frequencies for communication.
Alan H. Frey
This technical report by A.H. Frey examined how humans respond to very-low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic energy, focusing on exposures from broadcasting stations and measuring physiological effects at various field strengths. The research documented measurable human responses to VLF electromagnetic fields, contributing early evidence that extremely low frequency EMF can produce biological effects in people.
З. В. Гордон, Е. А. Лобанова, М. С. Тольская
Soviet researchers Gordon, Lobanova, and Tolskaya conducted experimental studies on the biological effects of centimeter-wave microwave radiation on laboratory rodents. This research examined how ultra-high frequency electromagnetic fields impact living organisms at the cellular and physiological level. The study represents early scientific investigation into microwave radiation's potential health effects.
Joseph M. Lary, David L. Conover, William E. Murray
Researchers reviewed radiofrequency radiation studies through 1982 and found a clear threshold for harmful effects at 2 watts per kilogram (W/kg) of body weight. Above this level, animals experienced severe health problems including death, dangerous temperature increases, and tissue damage. Below this threshold, effects were primarily temperature-related or involved changes to brain chemistry.
