Walsh SP, White KM, Hyde MK, Watson B. · 2008
Attitudes consistently predicted intentions to drive while using a mobile phone, and pressure from significant others also determined some phone use intentions. Perceptions of control had less support as a predictor, and risk was not generally predictive of safer driving intentions. Different factors influenced each form of mobile phone use while driving, suggesting a multi-strategy approach is needed. The researchers examined predictors for calling and text messaging in four scenarios varying vehicle speed and time pressure.
Soderqvist F, Carlberg M, Hardell L. · 2008
The aim of the study was to assess wireless phone use and its relation to explanatory factors and self-reported health symptoms. A postal questionnaire with 27 questions and 75 items was sent to 2000 Swedish adolescents aged 15-19 years selected from the population registry using a stratified sampling scheme, and 63.5% of the study subjects answered it. Most participants reported access to a mobile phone (99.6%) and use increased with age; 55.6% of 15-year-olds and 82.2% of 19-year-olds were regular users, girls generally reported more frequent use than boys, and watching TV increased the odds ratio for wireless phone use adjusted for age and gender. Regular users of wireless phones had health symptoms more often and reported poorer perceived health than less frequent users.
Sinha RK · 2008
Researchers exposed male rats to 2450 MHz microwave radiation and assessed thyroid hormones and behavior. Exposed rats showed hyperactivity and aggression, with significant changes in open-field and elevated plus-maze tests. Thyroid hormone levels changed, with T3 decreasing and T4 increasing, correlating with behavioral changes.
Rubin GJ, Cleare AJ, Wessely S · 2008
Fifty-two people reporting sensitivity to mobile phones, 19 reporting both mobile phone sensitivity and electrosensitivity, and 60 nonsensitive controls completed a questionnaire. Perceived sensitivity was linked to using a mobile phone mainly for work (3% of controls, 13% of mobile-phone-sensitive, 21% of electrosensitivity) and to greater modern health worries about radiation (mean scores 2.0, 2.7, and 4.0 on a 1–5 scale). The electrosensitivity group reported greater depression, more worries about tainted food and toxic interventions, worse general health, and more medically unexplained syndromes, with no differences in psychiatric cases.
Landgrebe M et al. · 2008
Researchers conducted a case-control study with 89 electromagnetic hypersensitive patients and 107 matched controls. They assessed health status, EMF-specific cognitions, perception thresholds, and cortical excitability using questionnaires and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Discrimination ability was significantly reduced in the hypersensitive group, while perception thresholds for real magnetic pulses were similar between groups. Intra-cortical facilitation was decreased in younger hypersensitive patients and increased in older hypersensitive patients. EMF-related cognitions such as rumination and symptom intolerance differentiated the hypersensitive patients from controls.
Khan MM. · 2008
Researchers surveyed medical students using a questionnaire about mobile phone use and health complaints. The response rate was 86.6% with 286 of 330 forms completed. Most students (83.57%) had some knowledge about adverse effects of mobile phone use. Daily mobile phone use was less than 30 minutes for 55.94% of students, 30-60 minutes for 27.97%, 60-90 minutes for 11.53%, and more than 90 minutes for 4.54%. Reported symptoms included headache (16.08%), fatigue (24.48%), impaired concentration (34.27%), memory disturbances (40.56%), sleeplessness (38.8%), hearing problems (23.07%), facial dermatitis (16.78%), and a sensation of warmth in the ear area (28.32%); 44.4% of the 286 subjects linked their symptoms to mobile phone use.
Inoue S, Motoda H, Koike Y, Kawamura K, Hiragami F, Kano Y. · 2008
Exposure to 2.45 GHz microwave irradiation at 200 W increased neurite outgrowth frequency about 10-fold compared to non-irradiated controls. The increase was prevented by adding a p38 MAPK inhibitor. Microwave treatment did not cause toxicity, unlike heat shock at 45°C.
Huss A et al. · 2008
Researchers conducted a systematic review of 59 controlled-exposure studies of radiofrequency radiation with health-related outcomes. Industry-funded studies reported the most outcomes but had the lowest odds of a statistically significant association. The association persisted after adjusting for number of outcomes, study quality, and other factors.
Hardell L, Carlberg M, Söderqvist F, Hansson Mild K. · 2008
Researchers evaluated long-term mobile phone use and brain tumour risk in published case-control studies. Ten glioma studies showed an overall odds ratio of 0.9, but a latency of ten years or more gave an odds ratio of 1.2, and ipsilateral use gave an odds ratio of 2.0. Nine acoustic neuroma studies gave an overall odds ratio of 0.9, rising to 1.3 with ten-year latency and 2.4 for ipsilateral use. Seven meningioma studies yielded an overall odds ratio of 0.8, with ten-year latency giving 1.3 and ipsilateral use 1.7.
Cardis E et al. · 2008
Most energy (97-99%) appears to be absorbed in the brain hemisphere on the side where the phone is used, mainly (50-60%) in the temporal lobe. The average relative SAR is highest in the temporal lobe (6-15% of peak SAR) and cerebellum (2-10%), and decreases very rapidly with increasing depth, particularly at higher frequencies. The SAR distribution appears to be fairly similar across phone models, between older and newer phones, and between phones with different antenna types and positions.
Barth A et al. · 2008
Researchers carried out a meta-analysis on 19 experimental studies. Ten of the 19 studies met minimum requirements such as blind design and reported means and standard deviations. Attention measured by the subtraction task seems to be affected in regard to decreased reaction time. Working memory measured by the N-back test seems to be affected: 0-back target response time is lower under exposure, 2-back target response time increases, and the number of errors on 2-back non-targets appears to be higher under exposure. The meta-analysis compared exposed with non-exposed subjects assuming a common population effect.
Andrzejak R et al. · 2008
Researchers recorded ECG Holter monitoring in 32 healthy students before, during, and after a mobile phone call in the morning while seated. During the call, time-domain HRV parameters SDNN and SDANN increased significantly, and frequency-domain components VLF, LF, and HF were highest while LF/HF ratio was lowest. The authors concluded that the call may alter autonomic balance, though electromagnetic field effects could not be separated from the influence of speaking.
Perentos N, Croft RJ, McKenzie RJ, Cvetkovic D, Cosic I. · 2008
Researchers investigated the effect of GSM-like ELF radiation on the alpha band of the human resting EEG. The study used a fully counterbalanced, double-blind, cross-over design with 72 healthy volunteers. A decrease in the alpha frequency band was observed during 20 minutes of ELF exposure in the exposed hemisphere only.
Hountala CD et al. · 2008
Researchers introduced spectral power coherence as a measure of coordination among four EEG frequency bands at a specific brain location. They found that delta rhythm contributes less to this coordination than theta, alpha, and beta rhythms. Gender differences in overall spectral power coherence were observed without radiation, but these differences disappeared during 900 MHz exposure and reversed during 1800 MHz exposure. The measure was calculated from pre-stimulus EEG during an auditory memory task under 900 MHz and 1800 MHz electromagnetic field conditions.
Divan HA, Kheifets L, Obel C, Olsen J · 2008
Mothers of 13,159 children completed a follow-up questionnaire reporting cell phone use during pregnancy and the child's current cell phone use. Greater odds ratios for behavioral problems were observed for children with possible prenatal or postnatal exposure to cell phone use. After adjustment for potential confounders, the odds ratio for a higher overall behavioral problems score was 1.80 (95% confidence interval = 1.45–2.23) in children with both prenatal and postnatal exposure. The authors noted that these associations may be noncausal and may be due to unmeasured confounding.
Rao VS et al. · 2008
The study used neuronal cells differentiated from a mouse embryonic stem cell line and a frequency-tunable applicator to examine calcium dynamics in real time. Control cells showed about five spontaneous calcium spikes per cell in 60 minutes, while exposure to 800 MHz RF radiation at 0.5 W/kg increased spikes to 15.7 per cell. The increase depended on frequency but not on SAR between 0.5 and 5 W/kg, and involved N-type calcium channels and phospholipase C enzymes. Microfilament disruption prevented the calcium spikes.
Mortazavi SM et al. · 2008
In the first phase, 30 patients provided saliva samples before and after a 30-minute MRI at 0.23 T. Saliva mercury concentrations increased from 8.6 ± 3.0 to 11.3 ± 5.3 µg L⁻¹ after MRI (p < 0.01). In the second phase, 14 female university students with no prior mobile phone use received amalgam restorations and gave urine samples before and on days 1-4 after. Urinary mercury levels were significantly higher in the mobile-phone users than in controls across the four days (p < 0.05).
Hinrikus H, Bachmann M, Lass J, Tomson R, Tuulik V. · 2008
Thirteen healthy volunteers were exposed to 450 MHz microwaves pulse-modulated at frequencies of 7, 14 and 21 Hz to evaluate effects on electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms. Modulated microwaves caused an average increase in EEG alpha power of 17% and beta power of 7%, while the theta rhythm remained unaffected. Increases in EEG alpha and beta power were statistically significant during the first 30 seconds of exposure at modulation frequencies of 14 and 21 Hz, but no enhancement occurred at 7 Hz. The researchers also found differences in individual sensitivity to exposure, with increases in EEG beta power appearing statistically significant in four subjects.
Hinrikus H, Bachmann M, Lass J, Karai D, Tuulik V. · 2008
Curcio G et al. · 2008
The study investigated whether repeated brief exposures to a GSM mobile phone signal had a cumulative effect on psychomotor functions. After each of 3 15-min exposures, both an acoustic simple reaction time task and a sequential finger tapping task were administered to subjects. No cumulative effects were detected, though there was a non-statistical trend toward shorter reaction times.
Ammari M et al. · 2008
Researchers investigated the effects of sub-chronic and chronic head-only exposure to 900 MHz GSM signals on spatial memory in male rats. Rats were exposed for 45 minutes per day at a SAR of 1.5 W Kg(-1), or 15 minutes per day at a SAR of 6 W Kg(-1), for either 8 or 24 weeks, and then tested in a radial-arm maze. Spatial memory was unaffected in the exposed rats, while scopolamine-treated positive control rats showed a deficit in the spatial memory task.
Koyama S, Sakurai T, Nakahara T, Miyakoshi J · 2008
Researchers measured apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) sites in human glioma A172 cells after exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields, genotoxic chemicals, or both. ELF magnetic fields alone produced no difference in AP sites compared with sham controls. The results suggest that the number of AP sites induced by MMS or H2O2 is enhanced by exposure to ELF magnetic fields at 5 millitesla (mT).
Wang X et al. · 2008
Researchers exposed rats to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (20 Hz, 14 mT) for one hour per day before daily morphine injections for 12 days, then measured dopamine D2 receptor density in the dorsal hippocampus during withdrawal. Morphine withdrawal alone significantly lowered D2 receptor density compared to saline controls, and ELF-EMF exposure during morphine treatment further reduced receptor density on the first and third withdrawal days. In both groups, D2 receptor density tended to recover as the number of withdrawal days increased.
Ross ML, Koren SA, Persinger MA. · 2008
Researchers tested whether a weak magnetic field pulsed over the left prefrontal brain region at the moment of accepting or refuting a statement could increase the likelihood of later accepting a false statement as true. Fifty men and women were each exposed to one of four magnetic field conditions, or a sham field, over the left prefrontal region above the eyebrow. Groups that received the burst-firing or 25 Hz pulsed fields during the refutation process accepted about twice the number of false statements as true compared to those in the 50 Hz or sham-field conditions. The treatments did not significantly affect the numbers of true statements accepted as false.
Piacentini R, Ripoli C, Mezzogori D, Azzena GB, Grassi C. · 2008
