Hardell L et al. · 2003
The aim of the study was to investigate vestibular schwannoma, tinnitus, and cellular telephones. An increased odds ratio of 3.45 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.77-6.76 was found for vestibular schwannoma associated with analogue cell phone use. The age-standardized incidence of vestibular schwannoma in Sweden increased significantly by 2.53% per year from 1960 to 1998, with the increase only significant in the period 1980-1998.
Hardell L, Mild KH, Carlberg M. · 2003
Researchers conducted a case-control study of 1,617 patients aged 20-80 with histopathology-verified brain tumours diagnosed from 1997 to 2000, each matched to a control from the Swedish Population Register. Tumours in the temporal area on the same side as phone use had higher risk for analogue phones (OR=2.3, 95% CI=1.2-4.1), acoustic neurinoma risk was OR=4.4 (95% CI=2.1-9.2) for analogue users, and risk rose per year of analogue use (OR=1.04 per year, 95% CI=1.01-1.08).
Ha M, Lim HJ, Cho SH, Choi HD, Cho KY. · 2003
Dimbylow P, Khalid M, Mann S. · 2003
Researchers performed FDTD calculations of SAR from a representative TETRA handset in an anatomically realistic head model. The handset operating at 1 W in normal use complied with both ICNIRP occupational and public exposure restrictions. The handset with a monopole antenna operating at 3 W in normal use also complied with both ICNIRP occupational and public exposure restrictions. The handset with a helical antenna at 3 W complied with the occupational restriction but exceeded the public restriction by up to 50% if held at the maximum SAR position for 6 minutes continuously. Calculations covered handset positions in front of the face and at both sides of the head.
D'Costa H et al. · 2003
Researchers recorded EEG from ten awake subjects while a mobile phone behind the head emitted radiofrequency fields. The study tested a GSM phone at full radiated power and a phone in active standby mode, each with five active and five sham exposures in randomized five-minute intervals. The experiment was single-blind and compared average EEG band power between active and sham recordings. Statistical tests showed significant differences in the full-power trial for EEG alpha (8-13 Hz) and beta (13-32 Hz) bands. Analysis of median spectral power across 32 discrete frequencies found significant differences in 7 frequencies overall.
Cranfield C, Wieser HG, Al Madan J, Dobson J. · 2003
Researchers tested a bacterial analogue (Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum) that produces intracellular biogenic magnetite similar to that in the human brain. Exposure to mobile phone emissions resulted in a significantly higher proportion of cell death in exposed cultures versus sham exposure (p = 0.037). The authors noted it is not yet clear whether this would extrapolate to a deleterious health effect in humans.
Consiglio W, Driscoll P, Witte M, Berg WP. · 2003
The experiment studied the effect of phone conversations and other potential interference on reaction time in a braking response. Twenty-two participants used a laboratory station that simulated foot activity in driving. Mean reaction time was measured across five conditions: control, listening to a radio, conversing with a passenger, conversing using a hand-held phone, and conversing using a hands-free phone. Conversation, whether in-person or via cellular phone, slowed reaction time, while listening to the radio did not.
Bit-Babik G et al. · 2003
Researchers investigated the estimation of SAR in the human head and body from handheld mobile phones with hands-free accessories. The results show that the opposite is observed when proper dosimetric methods are employed. Human phantoms for such measurements should include the torso, not just the head, because the body strongly attenuates RF energy coupled into the accessory leads. Numerical simulations and experimental measurements agree that hands-free accessories decrease RF energy exposure in the human head.
Arai N, Enomoto H, Okabe S, Yuasa K, Kamimura Y, Ugawa Y. · 2003
Researchers studied auditory brainstem response, ABR recovery function, and middle latency response before and after 30 minutes of mobile phone use in 15 normal-hearing volunteers. None of the three measures were affected by the exposure. The researchers concluded that 30 minutes of mobile phone use has no short-term adverse effects on the human auditory system.
Anderson V. · 2003
The study aimed to examine the scale and significance of differences in peak specific energy absorption rate (SAR) in the brains of children and adults exposed to radiofrequency emissions from mobile phones. Model analyses using a three-layered spherical head exposed to a dipole at 900 MHz showed that peak brain 10 g averaged SAR in 4, 8, 12, and 16 year olds increased by factors of 1.31, 1.23, 1.15, and 1.07 compared to an average adult. The researchers concluded that the relatively small scale of these increases does not warrant special precautionary measures for child mobile phone users.
Yamaguchi H et al. · 2003
Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to pulsed 1439 MHz TDMA fields at a brain SAR of 7.5 W/kg for 1 hour daily over 4 days or 4 weeks. Other rats were exposed at a brain SAR of 25 W/kg for 45 minutes daily for 4 days. Rats exposed at 25 W/kg for 4 days showed statistically significant decreases in correct choices in a T-maze reversal task, while rats exposed at 7.5 W/kg for 4 days or 4 weeks showed no performance impairments. Intraperitoneal temperature increased only at the 25 W/kg exposure level. The authors concluded that TDMA fields at levels about four times higher than cell phone emissions do not affect learning and memory when no thermal effects occur.
Huber R et al. · 2003
Gapeev AB et al. · 2003
Researchers exposed NMRI mice to extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation at 42.0 GHz and 0.15 mW/cm2 for 20 minutes and examined chromatin structure in immune cells using a comet assay technique. Three hours after exposure, fluorescence intensity increased by 16% in thymocytes and decreased by 16% in splenocytes, while peripheral blood leukocytes showed no change. In vitro exposure reduced fluorescence intensity by 23% in Raji human lymphoid line cells and by 18% in peripheral blood leukocytes.
Wilén J, Sandström M, Hansson Mild K · 2003
Researchers selected 2,402 people from an epidemiological study who used any of the four most common GSM MP. The study combined data on symptom prevalence, calling time per day, and number of calls per day with measurements of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). The results indicated that SAR values above 0.5 W/kg may be an important factor for the prevalence of some symptoms, especially in combination with long calling times per day.
Unknown authors · 2002
Researchers exposed differentiating IMR-32 neuroblastoma cells to 60 Hz magnetic fields at 50, 100, and 200 microT for 4 hours. They measured APP695 mRNA levels using northern hybridization with Digoxygenin-labeled probes. The results provided no support for any relationship between APP695 gene transcription and either differentiation age or magnetic field exposure.
Unknown authors · 2002
Researchers conducted case-referent studies of Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Parkinson's disease using death records of males in Colorado from 1987 to 1996. Three exposure assessment methods were used: electrical versus nonelectrical occupations, a three-tiered job-title and industry grouping, and a job-exposure matrix with magnetic-field means. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was associated with electrical occupations but not with magnetic-field exposure from the job-exposure matrix. No consistent associations with magnetic fields were observed for Alzheimer's disease.
Unknown authors · 2002
Researchers surveyed 530 people (270 men, 260 women) living near or not near cellular phone base stations about 18 non-specific health symptoms. Complaint frequencies were compared by distance and sex using a chi-square test with Yates correction. Significant increases were seen for tiredness up to 300 m, for headache, sleep disturbance and discomfort up to 200 m, and for irritability, depression, memory loss, dizziness and libido decrease up to 100 m. Women reported headache, nausea, loss of appetite, sleep disturbance, depression, discomfort and visual perturbations significantly more often than men.
Takahashi S et al. · 2002
Researchers investigated the mutagenic potential of 1.5 GHz electromagnetic near fields using brain tissues of Big Blue mice. Male BBM were locally exposed to EMF in the head region at 2.0, 0.67, and 0 W/kg specific absorption rate for 90 min/day, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks. There was no significant variation in the frequency of independent mutations of the lacI transgene in the brains. Deletion mutations were slightly increased in both the high and low EMF exposure groups as compared with the sham-exposed group, but the differences were not statistically significant.
Hietanen M, Hämäläinen A-M, Husman T. · 2002
The study tested the hypothesis that hypersensitive persons perceive symptoms from RF fields using double blind provocation experiments. Twenty volunteers who reported sensitivity to cellular phones participated. Exposure sources were one analogue NMT phone at 900 MHz and two digital GSM phones at 900 and 1800 MHz. Each test session lasted 30 minutes with three or four sessions in random order per day. More symptoms were reported during sham exposure than during real exposure, and no subject could distinguish real from sham exposure.
Dubreuil D, Jay T, Edeline JM. · 2002
Vangelova K, Israel M, Mihaylov S. · 2002
Researchers studied 12 male satellite station operators during 24-hour shifts and compared them with 12 unexposed controls. Exposure was low-level with specific absorption of 0.1127 J.kg-1. Exposed operators had significantly increased 24-hour excretion of 11-OCS and disrupted circadian rhythm, including increased mesor, decreased amplitude, and shifted acrophase. Catecholamine excretion rates also changed significantly with greater variability.
Thompson CJ, Anderson V, Rowley JT. · 2002
The broad objective was to assess radiofrequency exposure limits, hazard thresholds, and safety factors using probabilistic risk analysis. Analysis of SAR variables including conductivity and permittivity of grey brain matter and radiated field strengths supported the hypothesis that SAR values are lognormally distributed. The probability that SAR exceeds a threshold was derived and shown to be very low for handset SARs relative to allowable standard limits. The analysis focused on peak radiofrequency SAR values in the brain from digital mobile telephones operating at approximately 900 MHz.
Santini R, Santini P, Danze JM, Le Ruz P, Seigne M. · 2002
Researchers conducted a questionnaire survey of 530 people, including 270 men and 260 women, living near or far from cellular phone base stations to assess 18 non-specific health symptoms. Complaint frequencies increased significantly (p < 0.05) for people living within 300 meters for tiredness, within 200 meters for headache, sleep disturbance, and discomfort, and within 100 meters for irritability, depression, loss of memory, dizziness, and libido decrease compared to those living beyond 300 meters or not exposed. Women reported headache, nausea, loss of appetite, sleep disturbance, depression, discomfort, and visual perturbations significantly more often than men (p < 0.05).
Richter ED, Berman T, Levy O · 2002
The authors reported on five young patients who developed brain tumors within 10 years of initial occupational radar exposure. Four of the patients were less than 30 years old at the time of diagnosis.
Pologea-Moraru R, Kovacs E, Iliescu KR, Calota V, Sajin G · 2002
Researchers studied the effects of low-power microwaves at 2.45 GHz on the membrane fluidity of rod photoreceptor cells. The researchers expected the retina to be very sensitive to microwave irradiation due to the polar character of photoreceptor cells and high water content.
