Warren HG, Prevatt AA, Daly KA, Antonelli PJ. · 2003
Researchers conducted a case-control study using a structured telephone survey at an academic tertiary-care referral center, matching 18 patients with IFN tumors to control groups with acoustic neuroma, rhinosinusitis, and dysphonia or gastroesophageal reflux disease. The odds ratio for developing an IFN tumor was 0.6 (95% CI, 0.2-1.9) with any handheld cellular telephone use and 0.4 (95% CI, 0.1-2.1) with regular cellular telephone use. No factors were associated with an increased risk for IFN tumor development, and regular cellular telephone use did not appear to be associated with a higher risk.
La Regina M et al. · 2003
Eighty male and 80 female rats were randomly placed in each of three irradiation groups: sham, 835.62 MHz FDMA, and 847.74 MHz CDMA, with exposure 4 hours per day, 5 days per week for 2 years. There were no significant differences in final body weights or survival days between groups, and no significant differences in any tumor incidence between treated and sham-exposed animals. The researchers concluded that chronic exposure to 835.62 MHz FDMA or 847.74 MHz CDMA RF radiation had no significant effect on spontaneous tumor incidence in F344 rats.
Kramarenko AV, Tan U. · 2003
Researchers used a 16-channel telemetric electroencephalograph to record EEG changes during exposure of the human skull to EMF from a mobile phone. During exposure, median frequency increased in areas close to the antenna after 10-15 seconds, and slow-wave activity (2.5-6.0 Hz) appeared in contralateral frontal and temporal areas after 20-40 seconds. The slow waves lasted about one second and repeated every 15-20 seconds, and both the slow-wave activity and increased median frequency disappeared after the phone was turned off.
Kizilay A et al. · 2003
Researchers investigated the effects of chronic mobile phone EMF exposure on the inner ear of adult and developing rats using distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). In a sham-controlled design, seven of 14 adult rats and four newborn rats were exposed to mobile phone EMF for 1 hour per day over 30 days, while seven adult rats served as controls. DPOAEs were measured before and after exposure, and no measurable EMF-associated changes were found in either adult or developing rats (P>0.05).
Kainz W, Alesch F, Chan DD. · 2003
Researchers tested 10 GSM phones at 900 MHz and 10 at 1800 MHz on the ITREL-III deep brain stimulator in a phantom model. At maximum phone power of 2 W at 900 MHz and 1 W at 1800 MHz, no influence on the stimulator was observed, and pulse shape and single pulses remained unchanged. However, tests with continuous-wave signals showed inhibition occurs at power levels below GSM phone emissions, with the device more sensitive at 1800 MHz than at 900 MHz and a very low interference threshold around 1500 MHz. The authors concluded no direct risk for patients using the tested phones but recommended precautions similar to cardiac pacemaker guidelines.
Kahn AA et al. · 2003
Researchers analysed the association between mobile phone use and the anatomical distribution of glial brain tumours in Irish neurosurgical patients. Fifty mobile phone users and twenty three non-users were identified. Fisher's exact test revealed no statistical significance for glioma location based on handedness in the mobile phone user group and for tumour location in both user and non-user groups.
Haarala C et al. · 2003
Fourteen healthy right-handed subjects were scanned using PET with a [15O]water tracer during exposure to electromagnetic field emitted by a mobile phone and a sham-exposure under double-blind conditions. During scanning, the subjects performed a visual working memory task. Exposure to an active mobile phone produced a relative decrease in regional cerebral blood flow bilaterally in the auditory cortex but no rCBF changes were observed in the area of maximum EMF. The researchers considered it more likely that the findings resulted from an auditory signal from the active mobile phone and stated it is not reasoned to attribute the finding to the EMF emitted by the phone.
Haarala C et al. · 2003
Sixty-four subjects (32 men, 32 women) in two independent laboratories performed nine cognitive tasks twice, once with the EMF on and once with it off. Reaction times and accuracy were recorded, and the order of exposure and tasks was counterbalanced across subjects and gender. There were no statistically significant differences in performance between genders or laboratories. The previous results were not replicated, and the researchers concluded that EMF had no effect on reaction times or accuracy.
Golden C, Golden CJ, Schneider B. · 2003
Researchers evaluated how cell phones and speaking interfere with visual attention skills using the Connors Continuous Performance Test II. Licensed adult drivers were divided into three groups of 15 each: no distraction, conversation with someone in the room, and cell phone conversation. There were substantial differences among groups, primarily between the control group and the two experimental groups. The cell phone group had lower mean scores than the talking group, but the differences were not significant. Cell phones were distracting to visual attention functions on the Connors task, but not more distracting than a similarly active conversation without a cell phone.
Dubreuil D, Jay T, Edeline JM. · 2003
Researchers exposed rats head-only to 900 MHz GSM electromagnetic fields at 1 and 3.5 W/kg for 45 minutes and compared performance with sham and control rats. In the first experiment, a slightly improved performance was found at 3.5 W/kg, but this was not seen in the delay task. In the third experiment, exploratory activity showed some effects but recognition memory was unaffected. Overall, the experiments provided no evidence that spatial or non-spatial memory is affected by this exposure.
Cook A, Woodward A, Pearce N, Marshall C. · 2003
Researchers investigated whether trends in tumour incidence rates in New Zealand varied since the introduction of cellular telephones in 1987. The exposure measure was the proportion of cellular telephone subscribers within the national population. They compared trends in tumour rates at anatomical sites receiving high, medium, and low levels of cellular telephone radiation based on dosimetry data. Graphs for high, medium, and low exposure sites showed no significant changes in trend patterns for either gender from 1986 to 1998. Incidence rates for head and neck malignancies, including sites hypothetically receiving the highest radiofrequency radiation, did not change materially after cellular telephone introduction.
Anane R et al. · 2003
Researchers investigated the effects of acute GSM-900 microwave exposure on the clinical parameters of the acute EAE rat model in two independent experiments with habituated and nonhabituated rats. Female Lewis rats were divided into cage control, sham exposed, and two groups exposed at 1.5 or 6.0 W/kg local SAR averaged over the brain using a loop antenna over their heads. EAE was induced with a mixture of myelin basic protein and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The 21-day exposure at 2 hours per day had no effect on the onset, duration, or termination of the EAE crisis.
Stutts J et al. · 2003
Researchers mounted inconspicuous video cameras in the vehicles of 70 volunteer subjects to record driving behavior. Three hours of randomly selected data per subject were coded for distraction types, contextual variables, and observable driving performance measures. The most common distractions by duration were eating and drinking, distractions inside the vehicle, and distractions outside the vehicle. Many distractions were associated with negative driving performance outcomes, though further research is needed to clarify their impact on safety.
Strayer DL, Drews FA, Johnston WA. · 2003
Researchers examined the effects of hands-free cell phone conversations on simulated driving. They found that conversations impaired driver's reactions to vehicles braking in front of them. Cell phone conversations also impaired explicit recognition memory for roadside billboards. Eye-tracking data indicated reduced attention to foveal information. The data suggest that driving impairment is mediated, at least in part, by reduced attention to visual inputs.
Smythe JW, Costall B. · 2003
The study examined the effects of mobile phone exposure on short- and long-term memory in male and female university students. Participants were randomly assigned to no phone exposure, inactive phone exposure, or active phone exposure conditions. They memorized words arranged in a two-dimensional shape for three minutes, completed a 12-minute distraction task, then drew the shape and placed words, and repeated the task one week later. Error scores were analyzed using non-parametric techniques. Males exposed to an active phone made fewer spatial errors than those exposed to an active phone condition, while females were largely unaffected.
Santini R, Santini P, Le Ruz P, Danze JM, Seigne M · 2003
Researchers conducted a questionnaire survey of 530 people living or not in proximity to cellular phone base stations. They found that nausea, loss of appetite, and visual disturbances were reported up to 10 m, irritability, depressive tendencies, and lowered libido up to 100 m, and headaches, sleep disturbances, and discomfort up to 200 m. Fatigue was the only symptom significantly more frequent in the 200-300 m zone compared with those living farther away or not exposed. Women reported seven of the eighteen symptoms significantly more often than men at distances up to 300 m. Significant differences were also observed by age and by location relative to antennas and other electromagnetic factors.
Salford LG, Brun AR, Eberhardt JL, Malmgren L, Persson BRR · 2003
Three groups of eight rats each were exposed for two hours to GSM mobile phone electromagnetic fields of different strengths. The researchers found highly significant evidence for neuronal damage in the cortex, hippocampus, and basal ganglia of exposed rats. The study investigated whether pathological leakage across the blood-brain barrier might be combined with damage to neurons.
Moneda AP, Ioannidou MP, Chrissoulidis DP. · 2003
Researchers used a versatile eccentric-spheres model of the human head to investigate radio-wave absorption. Specific absorption rate maps showed hot spots in the eyes and near the center of the brain. Numerical results were presented for total, percentage, and gram-specific absorption using an exact analytical solution. The model focused on the brain and eyes of an adult or infant head.
Matthews R, Legg S, Charlton S · 2003
Researchers measured subjective workload and speech intelligibility in 13 experienced drivers using three cell phone types while driving on a rural highway. All phone types increased workload components significantly compared to driving without a phone. Personal hands-free phones had the lowest total workload (7.1) and highest intelligibility (74.1), while hands-free speaker phones had the highest workload (10.8) and lowest intelligibility (55.0). Frustration correlated with total workload (0.60) and negatively with intelligibility (-0.35), while physical demand contributed little to total workload.
Marino AA, Nilsen E, Frilot C · 2003
Researchers exposed rabbits to cell phone radiation (800 MHz, 600 mW) simulating normal human use and measured EEG changes using a nonlinear recurrence analysis. The EEG was significantly affected in nine of ten rabbits, with increased randomness beginning about 100 ms after field onset and lasting approximately 300 ms. Control experiments showed no effect after sacrifice or when the antenna was moved to the chest, indicating the effect required brain energy absorption.
Lee TM, Lam PK, Yee LT, Chan CC. · 2003
The study examined how duration of exposure to mobile phone electromagnetic fields affects human attention. Seventy-eight university students were randomly assigned to experimental or control groups and completed attention tasks. The experimental group performed better on one of two attention measures after exposure to the electromagnetic field.
Laberge-Nadeau C et al. · 2003
This epidemiological study compared cell phone users and non-users to assess the association with road crashes. The relative risk for all collisions and injury collisions was 38% higher for men and women who used cell phones. After adjusting for kilometres driven and driving habits, the relative risks diminished to 1.1 for men and 1.2 for women. A dose-response relationship was found between frequency of cell phone use and crash risks.
Jarupat S, Kawabata A, Tokura H, Borkiewicz A. · 2003
The study aimed to investigate effects of the 1900 MHz electromagnetic field emitted from a cellular phone on nocturnal melatonin secretion. Exposure to cellular phone EMF caused a significant reduction in salivary melatonin in female human subjects.
Irmak MK, Oztas E, Yagmurca M, Fadillioglu E, Bakir B. · 2003
Researchers investigated the influence of electromagnetic radiation from a 900 MHz cellular telephone on Merkel cells in rats. One group of rats was exposed to a cellular telephone in speech position for 30 minutes while another group was sham-exposed under the same conditions. Exposure led to significantly higher exocytotic activity in Merkel cells compared with the sham exposure group.
Hocking B, Westerman R. · 2003
