Kelly Y et al. · 2019
Researchers analyzed data from 10,904 14-year-olds in the UK Millennium Cohort Study using multivariate regression and path models. The association between social media use and depressive symptoms was larger for girls than for boys. Compared with 1–3 h of daily use, 3 to <5 h was linked to a 26% increase in scores for girls and 21% for boys, while ≥5 h was linked to a 50% increase for girls and 35% for boys. Greater social media use related to online harassment, poor sleep, low self-esteem and poor body image, which in turn related to higher depressive symptom scores.
Liu J, Liu C, Wu T, Liu BP, Jia CX, Liu X · 2019
Researchers surveyed 11,831 adolescent students in Shandong, China in 2015 using a self-administered questionnaire to measure mobile phone use duration and depressive symptoms. After adjusting for covariates, weekday use of two or more hours per day (OR = 1.78, 95%CI = 1.48-2.15) and weekend use of five or more hours per day (OR = 1.67, 95%CI = 1.41-1.98) were each associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms measured by CES-D. The association between mobile phone use and depression was partially mediated by short sleep duration or insomnia. Similar associations were observed when depression was assessed using the Youth Self-Report scale.
Mireku MO et al. · 2019
Researchers analysed baseline data from 6616 adolescents aged 11 to 12 years in the SCAMP cohort in London. Over two-thirds (71.5%) of adolescents reported using at least one screen-based media device at night, and about a third (32.2%) reported using mobile phones at night in darkness. Night-time mobile phone and television use were associated with higher odds of insufficient sleep on weekdays, with stronger associations for mobile phone use in darkness. Mobile phone use in a dark room was also associated with lower health-related quality of life scores.
Lapierre MA et al. · 2019
Park SY, Yang S, Shin CS, Jang H, Park SY · 2019
At each of the three time points, Korean girls used mobile phones more frequently and had higher risk of mobile phone addiction and depressive symptoms than boys. Longitudinal relationships among phone use, addiction, and depression changed over time, but their strengths did not differ by gender.
Unknown authors · 2019
Forty-eight adult rats were randomly assigned to four groups: Control, PTZ, PTZ-rTMS, and PTZ-Sham. The PTZ groups received pentylenetetrazol (35 mg/kg/d) once daily for 15 days, while the PTZ-rTMS and PTZ-Sham groups received low-frequency rTMS or sham stimulation over two weeks. Behavioral tests including the open-field test, elevated plus-maze test, and forced swimming test were performed before the experiment and on days 8 and 15. Two weeks of low-frequency rTMS did not reduce seizure severity but significantly reduced immobility time in the forced swimming test and attenuated declines in open-field and elevated plus-maze measures.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed honey bees for 17 hours to 100 μT or 1000 μT ELF EMFs or a sham control. A sting extension response assay measured aversive learning and an intruder assay measured aggression. Exposure to both field strengths reduced aversive learning performance by over 20%, and exposure to 100 μT increased aggression scores by 60%.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers induced traumatic brain injury in mice using a weight-drop method once daily for three days. Low-field magnetic stimulation was applied for 20 minutes once daily for four days immediately after each injury. Mice receiving the stimulation showed significant improvement in cognitive and motor tests including open field exploration, rotarod, and novel location recognition. The treatment increased cellular prion protein and decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein in cortical and hippocampal regions, and increased neuronal nuclei in the cortex. Proteins related to circadian rhythm decreased in stimulated mice compared with sham-treated mice.
Özgün A, Marote A, Behie LA, Salgado A, Garipcan B · 2019
Researchers examined the involvement of NMDA receptors in human neuronal differentiation under extremely low frequency magnetic field exposure. Human neural progenitor cells differentiated more efficiently under ELF MF exposure in vitro, shown by increased neuronal markers. Exposed cells showed higher intracellular calcium levels, evidenced by c-fos expression and more elongated mature neurites. Blocking NMDA receptors with memantine neutralized these effects.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers used a lane change task and reaction time tests to assess driving performance and cognitive functions in 17 students exposed to a 350 μT static magnetic field. EEG recordings were taken during the experiment to monitor brain activity related to performance and cognition. The results showed that the static magnetic field did not considerably affect driving performance or cognitive functions, but a correlation was found between the EEG beta sub-band and reaction time.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers administered low-dose MK-801 (0.1 mg/kg) to male Wistar rats from postnatal day 6 to 10 and examined whether a static magnetic field altered its effects. Behavioral testing with Morris water maze, open field test, rotarod, and elevated plus maze was conducted on postnatal days P60-63 to assess learning, memory, locomotion, and anxiety. Low-dose MK-801 alone did not produce significant adverse effects, but combined with static magnetic field exposure it caused adverse effects on anxiety, locomotion, learning, and memory.
Yao F et al. · 2019
Researchers randomly divided oligodendrocyte precursor cells into PEMF and non-PEMF groups and assessed differentiation markers at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. PEMF exposure increased miR-219-5p expression and decreased Lingo1 expression during OPC differentiation. Under PEMF, miR-219-5p targeted Lingo1 and reversed the inhibitory effect of a miR-219-5p inhibitor on OPC differentiation. The authors concluded that PEMF promotes OPC differentiation by regulating miR-219-5p activity in vitro.
Unknown authors · 2019
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field treatment on the molecular mechanism of inflammatory cytokine activity in post-stroke patients. All patients received the same physical therapy program, and the ELF-EMF group also received ELF-EMF treatment. The researchers measured plasma levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IFN-γ, and TGF-β, and IL-1β mRNA expression. After ELF-EMF treatment, IL-1β plasma level, IL-1β mRNA expression, and IL-2 plasma level increased, while IFN-γ and TGF-β levels did not change. Further research is needed to explore this hypothesis.
Baek S, Choi H, Park H, Cho B, Kim S, Kim J · 2019
Researchers found that a hypomagnetic field environment attenuates differentiation capacity and is detrimental to cell fate changes during in vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Hypomagnetic field conditions cause abnormal DNA methylation through dysregulation of DNA methyltransferase3b expression, resulting in incomplete DNA methylation during differentiation. The results suggest that an appropriate electromagnetic field environment may be essential for favorable epigenetic remodeling during cell fate determination via differentiation.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed mice to pulsed LTE 1846 MHz downlink signals from gestation day 13.5 to postnatal day 21 at SARs of 0.5 or 1 W/kg. Behavioral tracking measured locomotor, drinking, and feeding behavior in the home cage from 12 to 28 weeks of age. Exposure at 0.5 W/kg significantly decreased drinking frequency and distance moved compared to sham controls. Exposure at 1 W/kg significantly increased drinking frequency and moving duration compared to sham controls.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers divided 24 male Wistar albino rats into four groups and exposed one group to 2100 MHz radiation for 30 minutes over a 90-day experiment. Subcutaneous melatonin was injected into a third group and given 40 minutes before radiation to a fourth group. Radiation caused neuronal edema, fewer neurons in hippocampal CA1 and CA3, Purkinje neuron displacement, and dark neurons. Radiation activated the NMDA-receptor 2B/Calpain-1/Caspase-12 pathway, and melatonin did not demonstrate protective effects.
Unknown authors · 2019
Three-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control, pseudo-exposed, and EMF groups, with the EMF group receiving a 900-MHz EMF for 1 hour per day for 25 days. Following exposure, behavioral tests were performed for seven days before the animals were euthanized and their brains removed. Brain sections were stained with toluidine blue and pyramidal neuron numbers in CA1, CA2-3, and hilus and granule neuron numbers in the dentate gyrus were estimated using optical fractionation. The EMF group showed statistically higher numbers of both pyramidal and granule neurons than the pseudo-exposed group, and histopathological examination revealed cytoplasmic disruption in those neurons.
Unknown authors · 2019
The study applied Monte Carlo simulation to data from the ExPOSURE study of 412 Australian primary school children. Multiple linear regression models found weak evidence of an association between mobile phone calls and cognitive function. Associations were observed for Go/No Go, Groton maze learning, and Stroop time ratio tasks. When uncertainty analysis was introduced, the results shifted closer to the null hypothesis.
Yahyazadeh A et al. · 2019
Researchers exposed adult male Wistar albino rats to electromagnetic field radiation for 60 minutes per day for 28 days and assessed spinal cords using stereological, biochemical, and histological methods. The electromagnetic field group had fewer motor neurons and higher superoxide dismutase levels than the control group. Thymoquinone treatment increased motor neuron numbers and decreased superoxide dismutase activity compared to the electromagnetic field group.
Wang CX et al. · 2019
Nishimura T, Tada H, Fukushima M. · 2019
Researchers studied tail-lifting behavior in bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) exposed to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields and compared them to a control group. They recorded daily tail lifts per lizard and analyzed them against lunar phase, geomagnetic K index, temperature, humidity, pressure, and month. In the ELF-EMF group, lizards responded to the full moon, while the control group did not. In the ELF-EMF group, tail lifts were higher on days with a higher K index in the first period (P = 0.07), but the control group showed no such tendency in either period. The authors suggest that ELF-EMF exposure may increase magnetic-field sensitivity in lizards.
Tsoy A et al. · 2019
Zheng Y, Ma XX, Dong L, Gao Y, Tian L. · 2019
Researchers applied single- and hybrid-frequency magnetic fields with an intensity of 1 mT to rat hippocampal slices in vitro to study effects on long-term potentiation (LTP) in synaptic plasticity. The amplitude of fEPSPs decreased significantly under both single- and hybrid-frequency magnetic stimulation. The 15-Hz single-frequency stimulation showed the most significant regulatory effect, but mixing it with higher frequencies significantly weakened that effect. The regulating effect among four different hybrid-frequency ELF-EMF stimulations on LTP showed no significant differences.
Ozdemir E, Demirkazik A, Taskıran AS, Arslan G. · 2019
Researchers exposed 66 adult male Wistar albino rats to alternating 50 Hz and 5 mT EMF for 2 hours a day for 15 days, then injected serotonin receptor agonists or antagonists before analgesia tests. Administration of serotonin HCl to MF-exposed rats produced a significant increase in percent maximal possible effect compared with the EMF group. Injection of WAY 100635 to MF-exposed rats produced a significant decrease in analgesic activity, while DOI hydrochloride significantly increased % MPE values compared with the EMF group. The researchers suggested that serotonin 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors play an important role in EMF-induced analgesia, but noted that further research studies are necessary to understand the mechanism.
Lundberg L, Sienkiewicz Z, Anthony DC, Broom KA. · 2019
Researchers exposed male C57BL/6J mice for 30 min to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 580 μT, blue LED light at 700 lux, both, or neither, to test whether power frequency magnetic fields can influence circadian rhythm control. The magnetic fields did not modulate the response to light and had no significant effect on adrenal markers on their own, though they were associated with a decrease in locomotor activity (P < 0.03). Gene expression of cry1 and cry2 in the adrenals, liver, and hippocampus was not affected by any of the exposures (P > 0.05).
