Sun W, Shen X, Lu D, Lu D, Chiang H · 2013
The radiofrequency radiation induced EGF receptor clustering and enhanced phosphorylation on tyrosine-1173 at the higher absorption rates but not at 0.1 W/kg. A 2 μT incoherent magnetic field alone did not significantly affect receptor clustering or phosphorylation. When applied together, the incoherent magnetic field completely inhibited the radiofrequency radiation effects at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 W/kg but not at 4.0 W/kg.
Gapeyev AB, Kulagina TP, Aripovsky AV. · 2013
Researchers studied how extremely high-frequency electromagnetic radiation (EHF EMR) affected fatty acid composition in the thymus, liver, blood plasma, muscle tissue, and tumor tissue of mice carrying Ehrlich solid carcinoma. Mice were exposed to EHF EMR at 42.2 GHz, 0.1 mW/cm2, for 20 minutes daily over five consecutive days starting the day after tumor cells were introduced. In tumor-bearing mice, EHF EMR exposure led to recovery of fatty acid composition in thymocytes to the state typical for normal animals, and in tumor tissue it significantly decreased monounsaturated fatty acids and increased polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Levis et al · 2012
The analysis critically examined case-control studies, pooled analyses, and meta-analyses on mobile phone use and head tumour risk, applying strict reliability criteria to each study. Publicly funded studies using blind protocols reported statistically significant increases in ipsilateral risk of brain gliomas and acoustic neuromas with long-term mobile phone use. Industry-funded studies using non-blind protocols showed overall negative results but still found statistically significant increases in ipsilateral brain gliomas, acoustic neuromas, and parotid gland tumours for users with at least 10 years latency.
Unknown authors · 2012
The study evaluated whether PEMF exposure potentiated the anti-tumor effect of A3ARs in PC12 rat adrenal pheochromocytoma and U87MG human glioblastoma cell lines compared with rat cortical neurons. PEMF exposure up-regulated A2A and A3ARs that are well coupled to adenylate cyclase activity and cAMP production. Activation of A2A and A3ARs decreased NF-kB levels in tumor cells, while only A3ARs increased p53 expression. A3AR stimulation inhibited tumor cell proliferation, increased cytotoxicity and apoptosis in PC12 and U87MG cells but not in cortical neurons. The A3AR agonist effect was enhanced by PEMFs and blocked by a selective antagonist, showing that PEMF exposure significantly increases the anti-tumor effect modulated by A3ARs.
Unknown authors · 2012
Researchers evaluated the ability of 8.8 mT static magnetic fields to enhance paclitaxel action against K562 leukemia cells. They analyzed cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, DNA damage, and ultrastructural changes after exposure to paclitaxel with or without the magnetic field. The combination reduced the effective paclitaxel concentration from 50 to 10 ng/ml, caused G2 phase arrest, and this arrest correlated with DNA damage. Microscopy showed ultrastructural alterations including holes, protuberances, and increased cytoplasmic vacuoles in the combination group.
Blackman C · 2012
Researchers examined the growth rate of human tumour cell lines from liver and breast cancers along with normal cells from those tissues exposed to amplitude-modulated electromagnetic fields. Tumour cells exposed to tissue-specific AM-EMF showed reduced growth rates while normal cells from the same tissue and cells from the other tissue type showed no change. The growth inhibition depended on field strength and exposure time, and ancillary tests found reduced gene expression and increased mitotic spindle dysfunction only for the AM-EMF exposure that reduced cell growth.
Teepen JC, van Dijck JA · 2012
The review evaluated evidence for a causal relation between electromagnetic fields and childhood leukemia. Three pooled analyses of case-control studies showed a 1.4- to 1.7-fold increased risk for ELF-EMF exposure above 0.3 μT. The estimated overall population attributable risk was 1.9%, with highest estimates in Northern America and Brazil at 4.2% and 4.1%. No proposed biological mechanisms for ELF-EMF causing childhood leukemia have been confirmed.
Unknown authors · 2012
Researchers analyzed incidence data from the Los Angeles County Cancer Surveillance Program, the California Cancer Registry, and the National Cancer Institute's SEER program for 1992 to 2006. Glioblastoma multiforme rates rose in the frontal and temporal lobes across all registries and in the cerebellum according to the California Cancer Registry, while rates fell in the overlapping region. Rates in the parietal and occipital lobes remained stable. Overall glioma rates decreased, and low-grade and anaplastic astrocytoma rates decreased in most brain regions.
Unknown authors · 2012
The cohort included at best 420,095 persons, representing 58% of the initial cohort. The study design offers the possibility to eliminate non-response, selection, and recall bias, but it has serious limitations related to exposure assessment. These limitations cloud the findings of the four reports to such an extent that they are uninformative at best.
Unknown authors · 2012
A new rule-based approach is presented to overcome weaknesses in classifying and communicating evidence of health risks such as from electromagnetic fields. The approach was developed by the German Commission on Radiological Protection and discloses step-by-step criteria for weighing scientific data. It pools partial evidences from different scientific approaches to conclude on overall evidence of causality. The validity of the approach was demonstrated by analyzing evidence of carcinogenicity of ionizing radiation, mobile phone use, and nocturnal exposure to visible light.
Stewart A, Rao JN, Middleton JD, Pearmain P, Evans T · 2012
Residents expressed concern about cancers after a nearby mobile phone base station was installed. The study examined ward-level cancer incidence and mortality data over four three-year periods. Nineteen residents had developed cancer, but the cases did not meet the criteria for a cancer cluster.
Söderqvist F, Carlberg M, Hardell L · 2012
The case-control study included Sixty-nine patients with salivary gland tumours (63 with a parotid gland tumour) and 262 randomly recruited controls. Wireless phone use was not associated with an overall increased risk of salivary gland tumours, odds ratio 0.8 (95% CI 0.4-1.5). There was no increased risk for different phone types, latencies, or cumulative use groups. The overall results were similar for the risk of parotid gland tumours.
Hardell L, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K. · 2012
Researchers conducted a meta-analysis of the Hardell group and Interphone studies on mobile phone use and brain tumours. The meta-analysis found an odds ratio of 1.71 for glioma in the temporal lobe in the latency group of 10 years or more. For ipsilateral mobile phone use with a latency of 10 years or more, the odds ratio for acoustic neuroma was 1.81. The analysis also reported an odds ratio of 2.29 for ipsilateral mobile phone use of 1640 hours or more, and an odds ratio of 2.55 for ipsilateral cumulative use of 1640 hours or more. The Hardell group studies also found that cordless phone use increased the risk for glioma and acoustic neuroma.
Deltour I et al. · 2012
Researchers analyzed annual age-standardized glioma incidence rates in men and women aged 20 to 79 years in the Nordic countries from 1979 to 2008 using joinpoint regression, including 35,250 cases. Incidence rates decreased in young men since 1987, remained stable in middle-aged men, and increased slightly in older men, with an overall annual percent change of 0.4% in men and 0.3% in women. Simulations indicated that relative risks of 2.0 for up to 15 years, 1.5 for up to 10 years, and 1.2 for up to 5 years for all users, as well as risks of 2.0 for up to 5 years for heavy users, were incompatible with observed trends.
Lee HJ, Jin YB, Lee JS, Choi JI, Lee JW, Myung SH, Lee YS. · 2012
NIH3T3 cells were exposed to a 60 Hz ELF-MF at 1 mT for 4 hours, alone or with ionizing radiation, hydrogen peroxide, or c-Myc overexpression. A 4 hour exposure to ELF-MF alone produced no cell transformation. ELF-MF exposure did not influence the transformation activity of ionizing radiation, hydrogen peroxide, or activated c-Myc, indicating no additive or synergistic effects.
Jin YB et al. · 2012
Researchers exposed mouse NIH3T3 and human WI-38 fibroblast cells to a 60 Hz, 1 mT magnetic field for 4 hours, with or without ionizing radiation, hydrogen peroxide, or c-Myc activation. Cells exposed to the magnetic field alone showed no significant difference in micronucleus frequency compared to unexposed cells. No synergistic effects were observed when the magnetic field was combined with ionizing radiation, hydrogen peroxide, or c-Myc activation.
Zimmerman JW et al. · 2012
The modulation frequencies were previously identified by biofeedback methods in cancer patients. HCC-specific and breast cancer-specific frequencies significantly decreased growth of respective cancer cells but did not affect nonmalignant cells.
Trivino Pardo JC, Grimaldi S, Taranta M, Naldi I, Cinti C. · 2012
Researchers cultured acute T-lymphoblastoid leukemia cells (CCRF-CEM) and exposed them to 900 MHz microwave EMF from a TEM cell at short and long exposure times. They evaluated the effect of high-frequency EMF on gene expression and identified functional pathways influenced by the exposure.
Nazıroğlu M, Ciğ B, Doğan S, Uğuz AC, Dilek S, Faouzi D. · 2012
Researchers divided twelve cell cultures into control and irradiated groups of six each, then further split them into four exposure durations of 1, 2, 12, and 24 hours. Exposed cells showed higher lipid peroxidation, cytosolic free Ca²⁺, and cell numbers than controls. The rise in cytosolic free Ca²⁺ was radiation time-dependent and highest at 24 hours. Reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, vitamin C, and cell viability did not change in any group. 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate inhibited Ca²⁺ influx by blocking transient receptor potential melastatin 2 channels.
Little MP et al. · 2012
Researchers compared glioma incidence trends in the United States with risks reported in the Swedish and Interphone studies. US glioma incidence rates remained essentially stable over a period coinciding with a large rise in mobile phone use. Predicted rates based on the Swedish study were at least 40% higher than observed, while predictions using the Interphone study could match the observed data.
Li CY, Liu CC, Chang YH, Chou LP, Ko MC. · 2012
Researchers conducted a population-based case-control study in Taiwan of children aged 15 or younger diagnosed with neoplasms between 2003 and 2007. Exposure to radiofrequency radiation was estimated from the annual power density of mobile phone base stations in each township over the five years before diagnosis. Higher-than-median exposure was significantly associated with increased odds of all neoplasms combined, but not with leukemia or brain neoplasms individually.
Hardell L, Carlberg M. · 2012
Researchers analyzed survival of glioma patients in relation to wireless phone use. For glioma overall, wireless phone use gave a hazard ratio of 1.1, and with more than 10-year latency the hazard ratio was 1.2. Low-grade astrocytoma showed a hazard ratio of 0.5, while glioblastoma showed a hazard ratio of 1.1, increasing to 1.3 with long latency. In the highest cumulative use tertile (>426 hours), glioblastoma hazard ratio was 1.2. The study included 1,251 malignant brain tumor cases diagnosed 1997–2003, followed until May 2012.
Han YY et al. · 2012
Researchers compared 343 vestibular schwannoma patients to 343 matched controls and assessed their exposure to medical radiation and wireless phones. After adjusting for multiple factors, dental x-rays once a year (aOR = 2.27, 95% CI = 1.01-5.09) or every 2-5 years (aOR = 2.65, 95% CI = 1.20-5.85) were associated with higher vestibular schwannoma risk compared to less frequent exposure. Head or head-and-neck CT radiation exposure was associated with reduced risk (aOR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.30-0.90). No association was found between cell phone or cordless phone use and vestibular schwannoma.
Carlberg M, Hardell L. · 2012
Researchers conducted two case-control studies on brain tumours diagnosed from 1997 to 2003, including living cases and controls aged 20 to 80 and an additional study on deceased cases. Pooled results showed ipsilateral mobile phone use for more than 10 years gave an odds ratio of 2.9 (95% CI 1.8-4.7) and cordless phone use gave an odds ratio of 3.8 (95% CI 1.8-8.1), and the odds ratio increased significantly with each 100 hours of cumulative wireless phone use and each year of latency. High-grade glioma showed ipsilateral mobile phone OR 3.9 (95% CI 2.3-6.6) and cordless phone OR 5.5 (95% CI 2.3-13); heredity gave OR 3.4 (95% CI 2.1-5.5) with no interaction, and head X-ray gave OR 1.3 (95% CI 1.1-1.7) without interaction.
Yang L, Hao D, Wang M, Zeng Y, Wu S, Zeng Y. · 2012
Researchers exposed NIH/3T3 cells to 916 MHz continuous microwave radiation for 2 h per day at power densities of 10, 50, and 90 w/m(2). After 5 to 8 weeks, the exposed cells showed changes in morphology and proliferation and formed colonies in soft agar after another 3 to 4 weeks. When injected into SCID mice, the exposed cells produced lumps on the animals' backs after more than 4 weeks.
