Jin Z, Zong C, Jiang B, Zhou Z, Tong J, Cao Y. · 2012
Researchers pre-exposed human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields at 12 µW/cm2 power density for 1 hour/day for 3 days, then treated them with doxorubicin at 0.125 mg/L. Radiofrequency exposure alone showed no significant differences from unexposed or sham-exposed control cells. Compared with doxorubicin treatment alone, cells that received radiofrequency pre-exposure before doxorubicin showed increased cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased intracellular calcium, and increased Ca2+-Mg2+-ATPase activity.
Sadeghipour R et al. · 2012
Researchers investigated the effects of 100 and 217 Hz extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields on cell proliferation, actin reorganization, and ROS generation in human breast carcinoma cells (T47D). Cells were exposed for 24-72 h, at 100 and 217 Hz, 0.1 mT. The treatment induced a time dependent decrease in cell growth after 72 h and revealed an increase in fluorescence intensity in cytoplasm and actin aggregations around the nucleus as detected by fluorescence microscopy. Exposure to 217 Hz for 72 hours caused a dramatic increase in intracellular ROS generation, while exposure to 100 Hz left ROS nearly unchanged.
Unknown authors · 2011
After 15 days, nine new proteins involved in cellular defense, organization, and proliferation appeared, including peroxiredoxin isoenzymes (2, 3, and 6), 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase, actin cytoplasmatic 2, t-complex protein subunit beta, ropporin-1A, profilin-2, and spindlin-1. ELF-MF exposure altered proliferative status, cell growth pattern, and cytoskeletal organization, supporting a hypothesis that ELF radiation could trigger a shift toward a more invasive phenotype.
Unknown authors · 2011
Short-term spot measurements using a Narda EFA-300 probe were conducted in two national banks and one industrial company with over 500 employees. Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields up to several tens of μT were measured in these workplaces. Twenty-five percent of measurements were below 0.3 μT, while 75% were above 0.3 μT with a maximum of 6.8 μT. The mean and median personal exposures were 1.19 μT and 0.56 μT, respectively.
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers conducted a meta-analysis using primary data from 1980 to 2010 across 9 studies on electric and magnetic field exposure and acute myeloid leukemia in adults. The overall estimated odds ratio was 1.24 with a 95 percent confidence interval of 1.11 to 1.37. For exposure levels of 0.1 to 0.2 microtesla and 0.2 microtesla or higher compared with less than 0.1 microtesla, the odds ratios were 1.17 and 1.51 respectively.
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers conducted a case-control study of 162 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia and 565 matched controls in São Paulo, Brazil. Exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields was assessed by measurements inside homes and distance to power lines. For 24-hour bedroom measurements, magnetic fields of 0.3 microtesla or higher showed no increased leukemia risk compared to levels below 0.1 microtesla (OR 1.09, 95% CI 0.33-3.61). Nighttime measurements gave an odds ratio of 1.52 (95% CI 0.46-5.01), while living within 200 meters of power lines gave an odds ratio of 1.67 (95% CI 0.49-5.75) and within 50 meters an odds ratio of 3.57 (95% CI 0.41-31.44).
Reid A et al · 2011
Researchers conducted an Australian case–control study of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children aged under 15 years and asked parents about tasks they undertook in each job. Exposure variables were created for any occupational exposure before the birth of the child, in jobs 2 years before birth, in jobs 1 year before birth and up to 1 year after birth. There was no association between maternal (odds ratio (OR)=0.96; 95% CI=0.74–1.25) or paternal (OR=0.78; 95% CI=0.56–1.09) exposure to ELF any time before the birth and risk of childhood ALL.
Unknown authors · 2011
The review addressed an ongoing scientific controversy about whether the association between residential ELF-MF exposure and childhood leukemia is causal or due to methodological shortcomings. Recent pooled analyses confirmed an approximately two-fold risk increase for childhood leukemia at exposures ≥0.4 μT and showed consistency across countries and methods. For childhood brain tumours, recent pooled analyses show little evidence of an association with ELF-MF, even at exposures ≥0.4 μT. The assessment that ELF-MF are a possible carcinogen and may cause childhood leukemia remains valid.
Unknown authors · 2011
Unknown authors · 2011
The comment appeared in the International Journal of Epidemiology in August 2011. It addresses social and economic patterning in the Interphone study. The comment references earlier Interphone study publications from June and August 2010.
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers exposed two human cancer cell lines to a 2.2 GHz pulse-modulated radar-like signal for 24 hours at an average SAR of 0.023 W/kg. The exposure was subthermal with a temperature rise below 0.1 °C. NB69 neuroblastoma cells showed a 13.5% reduction in cell number and increases in G0/G1 and G2/M phase proportions, while HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells did not respond.
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers examined trends in newly diagnosed brain cancer cases in England between 1998 and 2007. No overall time trends in brain cancer incidence were observed for either gender or any age group. Small increases in temporal lobe cancer rates were seen in men and women, while rates for parietal lobe, cerebrum, and cerebellum cancers decreased in men.
Unknown authors · 2011
In part B, mice were transplanted intraperitoneally with ascites (Ehrlich-Lettre ascites, strain E) carcinoma cells and then exposed to 112 MHz amplitude-modulated radiation at 16 Hz and 2.45 GHz radiation separately for 14 days. No tumor development occurred in mice exposed to radiofrequency or microwave radiation after a single topical dose of DMBA. Mice transplanted with Ehrlich-Lettre ascites carcinoma cells and exposed to the fields showed a slight but insignificant increase in cell numbers compared to controls.
Unknown authors · 2011
The commentary states the Interphone Study used a case-control design with recall of past exposures that had substantial inaccuracy. It also notes the study had low participation rates. The author questions the wisdom of this design choice. The commentary argues funding should have been used for a large-scale cohort study that could examine endpoints beyond cancer.
Unknown authors · 2011
Unknown authors · 2011
Unknown authors · 2011
The authors used two Danish nationwide cohort studies covering 2.9 million adults and followed them for vestibular schwannoma up to 2006. A subscription of 11 years or more was not associated with higher risk in men (relative risk 0.87, 95% CI 0.52–1.46), and no cases occurred in long-term female subscribers versus 1.6 expected. Tumors did not appear more often on the right side of the head, nor were they larger in long-term male subscribers.
Unknown authors · 2011
The algorithm was applied to Interphone Study subjects in five countries. The main determinants of cumulative RF energy were communication system, frequency band, brain location, and amount and duration of phone use. Categorization by cumulative RF energy agreed substantially with cumulative call time, but misclassification was non-negligible, especially at higher frequency bands. Factors such as adaptive power control (except in CDMA networks), discontinuous transmission, and conditions of phone use had relatively minor influence.
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers analyzed brain tumor patients from five countries in the Interphone study, with tumors localized by neuroradiologists, and matched controls on age, sex, and region. The study included 553 glioma and 676 meningioma cases with 1762 and 1911 controls, respectively, and estimated RF dose as total cumulative specific energy (TCSE) absorbed at the tumor's estimated centre. Ever regular mobile phone use showed odds ratios of 0.93 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.18) for glioma and 0.80 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.96) for meningioma. For glioma, odds ratios were below 1 in the first four TCSE quintiles but rose to 1.35 (95% CI 0.96 to 1.90) in the highest quintile, and increased with TCSE 7+ years before diagnosis (p-trend 0.01; OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.47 in highest quintile).
Unknown authors · 2011
Researchers conducted a case-control study of 1105 acoustic neuroma patients and 2145 controls across 13 countries, assessing past mobile phone use by personal interview. In the primary analysis, the odds ratio for ever regular mobile phone use was 0.85 (95% CI 0.69-1.04), and for use beginning 10 or more years before the reference date it was 0.76 (0.52-1.11). There was no trend of increasing risk with greater cumulative call time; the highest decile (≥1640 hours) showed an odds ratio of 1.32 (0.88-1.97) with implausible reported use, and with five-year censoring the odds ratio for that decile rose to 2.79 (1.51-5.16).
Repacholi MH et al · 2011
Unknown authors · 2011
The authors reviewed evidence on whether mobile phone use raises the risk of glioma and meningioma, focusing on the 13-country Interphone Study. Methodological deficits limit conclusions from the Interphone study, but its results combined with other studies and incidence trends suggest that within about 10–15 years after first use of mobile phones there is unlikely to be a material increase in the risk of brain tumors in adults. Data for childhood tumors and for periods beyond 15 years are lacking, and the evidence trend is increasingly against the hypothesis that mobile phone use causes brain tumors in adults.
Unknown authors · 2011
The review noted that in 2004 very few studies on radiofrequency fields and children were available, and WHO later identified this as a high priority research area. It described a few cross-sectional studies on well-being, cognitive effects, and behavioral problems, plus some cohort studies mainly on maternal mobile phone use during pregnancy. The review highlighted methodological limitations including cross-sectional designs that cannot determine temporal sequence, potential reversed causality, recall errors in self-reported use, and lack of confounding control.
Unknown authors · 2011
Case-control studies on adults point to an increased risk of brain tumours (glioma and acoustic neuroma) associated with the long-term use of mobile phones. The CEFALO study was the first to examine mobile phone use and brain tumour risk in children and adolescents. It has been claimed that this relatively small study yielded reassuring results of no increased risk. The commentary authors do not agree and consider that the data contain several indications of increased risk despite low exposure, short latency period, and study limitations.
Lee HJ et al. · 2011
Six-week-old AKR/J mice were simultaneously exposed to CDMA and WCDMA RF-EMFs for 45 minutes per day, five days per week, for 42 weeks. The whole-body average SAR was 2.0 W/kg for each signal, totaling 4.0 W/kg. No differences were found in final survival, lymphoma incidence, or splenomegaly incidence between sham- and RF-exposed mice. However, brain metastasis infiltration in lymphoma-bearing mice was significantly different in RF-exposed mice compared to sham-exposed mice, with no consistent correlation between sexes. Infiltration to liver, lung, and spleen did not differ between groups.
