John C. H. Wang · 1977
This 1977 technical report by Wang examined environmental electromagnetic radiation levels from broadcast transmitters, measuring power density and field strength in real-world settings. The study focused on assessing potential radiation hazards and biological effects from RF emissions in the environment. This represents early systematic documentation of EMF exposure levels that people encounter from broadcasting infrastructure.
Frank M. Greene · 1977
This 1977 technical report by Frank M. Greene focused on developing methods to measure how much radiofrequency (RF) power biological specimens absorb when exposed to electromagnetic fields. The research addressed fundamental measurement techniques needed to understand how RF energy interacts with living tissue. This work contributed to the scientific foundation for assessing potential health effects from RF exposure.
Unknown authors · 1977
This 1977 international symposium brought together researchers to examine how electromagnetic waves affect biological systems, covering topics from millimeter wave radiation to cancer therapy applications. The conference addressed key areas including blood-brain barrier effects, behavioral changes, and dosimetry (measurement of electromagnetic energy absorption). This early scientific gathering helped establish the foundation for modern EMF health research.
Leonard S. Taylor, Augustine Y. Cheung · 1977
This 1977 conference paper examined the fundamental physical mechanisms by which electromagnetic fields interact with biological systems, covering both microwave and radiofrequency exposures. The research explored the biophysical principles underlying EMF-biological interactions across different frequency ranges. This foundational work helped establish the scientific framework for understanding how electromagnetic energy affects living tissue.
F. L. Cain · 1977
This 1977 engineering report examined peak power effects and safety standards for electromagnetic field exposure, conducting a literature review to assess reliability and establish working group recommendations. The document represents early systematic efforts to understand high-intensity EMF effects and develop appropriate safety protocols. This foundational work helped establish the technical framework for evaluating EMF exposure limits that remain relevant today.
Unknown authors · 1977
This 1977 international symposium brought together researchers to examine biological effects of electromagnetic waves, representing early organized scientific inquiry into EMF health impacts. The conference addressed various electromagnetic frequencies and their potential effects on living systems. This symposium marked an important milestone in establishing EMF bioeffects as a legitimate field of scientific investigation.
C. Eugene Moss et al. · 1977
This 1977 technical report documented electromagnetic radiation measurements from video display terminals (early computer monitors). The study surveyed EMF emissions from these workplace devices during the early computer era. This represents some of the earliest systematic documentation of EMF exposure from computer equipment.
Unknown authors · 1977
This 1977 government meeting agenda from the Electromagnetic Radiation Management Advisory Council shows federal agencies were actively discussing EMF health concerns nearly five decades ago. The council's 34th meeting indicates sustained, long-term government attention to electromagnetic radiation risks. This early institutional awareness contrasts sharply with today's limited public discussion of EMF health effects.
Unknown authors · 1977
This 1977 technical report established threshold limit values (TLVs) for chemical substances and physical agents in workplace environments. The document set exposure standards designed to protect workers from harmful levels of various occupational hazards, including electromagnetic fields and radiation sources. These guidelines became foundational references for industrial hygiene and worker safety regulations.
Unknown authors · 1977
This 1977 technical report describes a portable device designed to detect electromagnetic leakage from microwave sources, specifically targeting 2450 MHz frequencies with 30 decibel measurement range. The device was developed as a mini-surveyor tool for monitoring microwave radiation emissions in various environments. While no specific health findings are detailed, this represents early recognition of the need to measure and monitor microwave radiation exposure levels.
Bassen, H., P. Herchenroeder, A. Cheung, S. Neuder · 1977
Researchers developed a miniaturized probe to measure microwave radiation inside biological tissues and experimental models. The 1mm x 2mm device accurately measured electromagnetic fields at 915 and 2450 MHz frequencies inside muscle-like materials. This technology enables scientists to precisely determine how much microwave energy penetrates living tissue.
Stephen S. Rosenfeld · 1977
This 1977 research examined non-ionizing radiation sickness, focusing on microwave radiation health effects including the famous 'Moscow Signal' incident where Soviet microwaves targeted the U.S. embassy. The study explored the medical and political dimensions of microwave radiation exposure affecting diplomatic personnel.
DeWitt G. Hazzard, Ph.D. · 1977
This 1977 Bureau of Radiological Health symposium examined RF emissions from common electronic devices operating below 500 MHz, including CB radios, medical equipment, and household appliances. Researchers measured near-field radiation levels from devices like RF sealers, electrosurgical units, and citizen band radios that the public encounters daily. The study documented widespread EMF exposure from consumer products decades before modern wireless technology.
G. Kantor, D. M. Witters, J. W. Greiser · 1977
This 1977 engineering study describes the design of a specialized microwave applicator for medical diathermy treatments. The device was engineered to produce circularly polarized electromagnetic fields for more uniform tissue heating while minimizing radiation leakage. This represents early research into controlling microwave energy delivery for therapeutic purposes.
Richard A. Tell · 1977
This 1977 EPA technical report analyzed radar exposure levels across the San Francisco Bay Area, measuring electromagnetic radiation from various radar installations. The study documented the scope and intensity of radar emissions affecting residents in one of America's most densely populated metropolitan areas during the height of Cold War radar deployment.
James H. Botsford · 1977
This 1977 conference paper compared two methods for measuring heat stress: the BOTSBALL thermometer and the WBGT (Wet Bulb Globe Temperature) index. The research examined how well these different measurement techniques assess physiological stress from heat exposure. This type of environmental measurement research provides important context for understanding how various stressors, including electromagnetic fields, affect human physiology.
G. Kantor · 1977
This 1977 engineering study compared radiation leakage from different microwave diathermy (medical heating) devices used in hospitals. Researchers found that newer direct-contact applicators leaked far less radiation than conventional spaced applicators - 5 mW/cm² versus 30 mW/cm² at typical distances. This matters because it shows how device design dramatically affects EMF exposure to medical staff and patients.
John M. Osepchuk · 1977
This 1977 IEEE technical report by J. Osepchuk examined microwave radiation bioeffects as part of the Committee on Man and Radiation (COMAR) activities. The document represents early institutional efforts to assess non-ionizing radiation health impacts during the emergence of microwave technology. This work contributed to foundational understanding of electromagnetic field interactions with biological systems.
M. O'Donnell, J. W. Mimbs, B. E. Sobel, J. G. Miller · 1977
Researchers measured how ultrasound waves pass through heart muscle tissue at different temperatures and time periods after removal from animals. They found that ultrasound absorption in heart tissue decreases by about 20% as temperature increases from room temperature to body temperature. The tissue remained stable for 4 hours at cool temperatures but showed changes at warmer temperatures.
Tell R A · 1977
This 1977 EPA technical report analyzed radar exposure levels across the San Francisco Bay Area, mapping electromagnetic radiation from military and civilian radar installations. The study represents one of the earliest systematic assessments of population-level radar exposure in a major metropolitan area during the height of Cold War radar deployment.
John R. Klepper et al. · 1977
This 1977 study developed ultrasonic tomography techniques to measure tissue properties by analyzing how sound waves interact with biological materials. Researchers used excised dog hearts to test methods for reducing artifacts that interfere with accurate tissue imaging. The work focused on improving medical imaging technology rather than studying health effects.
André-Jean BERTEAUD, Michèle DARDALHON · 1977
This 1977 French review examined biological effects of microwave radiation across molecular, cellular, and tissue levels. The authors found that while numerous studies showed effects at low and medium power levels, the evidence wasn't sufficient to establish safety standards below thermal (heating) thresholds. The review highlighted frequency-dependent effects and called for better understanding of microwave interactions with living systems.
A. Bruner · 1977
Researchers monitored approximately 600 workers at electromagnetic pulse (EMP) simulator facilities through annual physical examinations over several years. The study found no adverse health effects attributable to EMP exposure among these occupationally exposed personnel. This represents one of the larger workplace EMF surveillance studies from the 1970s.
Frank M. Greene · 1977
This 1977 technical report by Frank Greene focused on developing methods to measure how much radiofrequency (RF) power biological specimens absorb when exposed to electromagnetic fields. The research established foundational measurement techniques for quantifying RF energy absorption in living tissue, which became critical for understanding potential health effects from wireless technologies.
James A. Hathaway et al. · 1977
Researchers examined over 800 microwave and laser workers for eye damage through medical surveillance programs. No lens or retinal defects were found that could be linked to workplace radiation exposure. The study concluded that routine eye exams for these workers were unnecessary and wasteful.
