Schoeni A, Roser K, Röösli M · 2015
Researchers conducted a prospective cohort study with 439 adolescents who completed verbal and figural memory tasks at baseline and after one year. Wireless device use was assessed by questionnaire and operator recorded mobile phone use data for a subgroup of 234 adolescents, and RF-EMF dose measures for the brain and whole body were computed. Higher cumulative call duration and RF-EMF brain and whole-body doses were linked to lower figural memory scores. No exposure-response associations were observed for sending text messages and gaming, and memory change over one year was negatively associated with wireless phone use and more strongly with RF-EMF dose.
Şahin A et al. · 2015
The study consisted of control, sham-exposed, and EMF-exposed groups with six rats in each. The EMF-exposed group received 900 MHz EMF for 1 hour per day for 30 days while the sham group was placed in the same jar without exposure. Stereological analysis revealed a significantly lower total number of pyramidal neurons in the cornu ammonis of EMF-exposed rats compared to both control and sham groups, and histopathology showed abnormal cells with dark cytoplasm and shrunken morphology.
Zhao YL et al. · 2015
Mice were exposed to whole-body 2100 MHz microwaves at SARs of 0.45, 1.8, and 3.6 W/kg for 1 hour daily for 8 weeks. GO analysis showed the genes were involved in metabolic processes, cellular metabolic processes, regulation of biological processes, macromolecular metabolic processes, biosynthetic processes, cellular protein metabolic processes, transport, developmental processes, and cellular component organization. KEGG pathway analysis revealed enrichment in ribosome, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, long-term potentiation, Huntington's disease, and Neurotrophin signaling pathways.
Masuda H et al. · 2015
The cortex tissue targeted was locally exposed to 1439 MHz RF using a figure-8 loop antenna at an averaged specific absorption rate of 2.0 W/kg in the target area for 50 min. Three microcirculatory parameters related to cerebral inflammation were measured by the cranial window method in real-time under RF exposure. No extravasation of intravenously injected fluorescent dye was observed during RF exposure. There was no significant difference either in pial venule blood flow velocity or diameter between exposed and sham-exposed rats. Histological evaluation for the brain immediately after RF exposure did not reveal any serum albumin leakage sites or degenerate neurons.
Furtado-Filho OV et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed young rats to 950 MHz ultra-high-frequency electromagnetic radiation to measure oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids in the left and right cerebral cortex. Radiation exposure lasted 30 minutes per day for up to 27 days, with a specific absorption rate ranging from 1.32 to 1.14 W/kg. In neonates, no modification of the biomarkers tested was detected, while 6-day-old exposed rats showed increased carbonylated proteins in the right cerebral cortex and decreased blood glucose. The researchers concluded that the elevated carbonylated proteins in the right cerebral cortex did not appear to be a consequence of oxidative stress.
Zhao QR, Lu JM, Yao JJ, Zhang ZY, Ling C, Mei YA. · 2015
Researchers used a mouse model to examine the effects of extremely low-frequency (50 Hz) electromagnetic field exposure on a recognition memory task and morphological changes of hippocampal neurons. Exposure at 1 mT for 12 hours per day produced a time-dependent deficit in novel object associative recognition memory and decreased hippocampal dendritic spine density. The memory deficit was transient, observed only after exposing mice to the fields for 7 to 10 days, and occurred without changes in spontaneous locomotor activity. Over-expression of neuritin in the hippocampus using an adeno-associated virus vector significantly increased neuritin levels and dendritic spine density, and neuritin prevented the exposure-induced effect by increasing hippocampal spine density.
Liu X et al. · 2015
Researchers studied the effects of ELF-EMF exposure on Alzheimer's disease development in rats. The rats were exposed to ELF-EMF at 50 Hz and 400 µT for 60 days. ELF-EMF exposure delayed the weight gain of rats and partially improved cognitive and clinicopathologic symptoms. The researchers concluded that certain conditions of ELF-EMF exposure could delay the development of AD in rats.
Legros A, Modolo J, Brown S, Roberston J, Thomas AW. · 2015
Researchers used functional MRI to look for changes in brain activation in human participants following exposure to a 60 Hz magnetic field. The study found significant changes in task-induced functional brain activation as a consequence of magnetic field exposure, but no impact on task performance. The researchers discussed the possibility that exposure at 60 Hz, 3000 μT may be capable of modulating cortical excitability via a modulation of synaptic plasticity processes.
Giorgetto C et al. · 2015
Researchers studied motor behaviour in Wistar rats given a unilateral striatal lesion with quinolinic acid, then injected with apomorphine and exposed to a continuous static magnetic field of 3,200 Gauss. Sixty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: control, sham, sham magnetic, lesion, and stimulated South and North Poles. In the activity cage test, all groups except the North Pole-stimulated group showed a significant increase in distance, time of activity, and crossings compared to the control group. The morphometric analysis showed a reduction in the number of neurons in the Lesion group in relation to all other groups, and the results suggest the static magnetic field promoted morphological preservation.
de Groot MW, van Kleef RG, de Groot A, Westerink RH · 2015
Researchers exposed primary rat cortical neurons for 7 days to 50 Hz ELF-EMF at field strengths ranging from 0 to 1000 μT, then measured cell viability, calcium levels, neurite outgrowth, and spontaneous neuronal activity. Cell viability was not affected by exposure across the full range tested, and neuronal activity appeared largely unaltered. The researchers concluded that chronic ELF-EMF exposure has only limited neurotoxic potential in vitro.
Cheng Y et al. · 2015
Researchers examined the effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on hippocampal neural progenitor cells cultured from embryonic and adult ischemic brains. Exposure to ELF-EMF at 50 Hz and 0.4 mT significantly enhanced proliferation in both embryonic and ischemic neural progenitor cells. Neuronal differentiation was also enhanced after 7 days of cumulative ELF-EMF exposure, while glial differentiation was not markedly influenced. The data suggest that ELF-EMF promotes neurogenesis of ischemic neural progenitor cells, possibly through the Akt pathway.
Ghodbane S, Ammari M, Lahbib A, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. · 2015
Researchers exposed rats to a static magnetic field of 128 mT for one hour per day over five consecutive days and measured oxidative stress and apoptosis in the brain and liver. The exposure increased catalase activity by 24% in the liver but not in the brain, while malondialdehyde concentration was unchanged in both tissues. Static magnetic field exposure also induced hepatocyte apoptosis through a caspase-independent pathway involving mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor, but no such effect was found in the brain. Selenium and vitamin E supplementation restored liver catalase activity in exposed rats but did not reduce liver apoptosis.
Chung YH et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed rats to an extremely low frequency magnetic field at 60 Hz and 2.0 mT for 2 or 5 days, then measured neurotransmitter levels in the cortex, striatum, thalamus, cerebellum and hippocampus. The exposure produced significant differences in norepinephrine and vanillyl mandelic acid in the striatum, thalamus, cerebellum and hippocampus. Significant increases in serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were observed in the striatum, thalamus or hippocampus, and dopamine concentration was significantly increased in the thalamus. The researchers concluded that exposure to ELF-MF may evoke changes in these brain chemicals, though the mechanisms remain to be characterized.
Wang LF et al. · 2015
Researchers used an in vitro blood-brain barrier model exposed to microwave radiation at 50 mW/cm2 for 5 minutes to study how the VEGF/Flk-1-ERK pathway relates to barrier injury. Microwave radiation caused tight junctions to broaden and fracture, with decreased TEER values and increased HRP permeability. When Flk-1 and MEK1/2 inhibitors were applied, the structure and function of the blood-brain barrier were recovered.
Tang J et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed 108 male Sprague-Dawley rats to a 900 MHz, 1 mW/cm2 electromagnetic field for 14 or 28 days at 3 hours per day, with some rats left unexposed as a sham group. Rats exposed for 28 days crossed platforms less often and spent less time in the target quadrant than rats exposed for 14 days and unexposed rats. Twenty-eight days of exposure was also associated with cellular edema, neuronal cell organelle degeneration, and albumin and HO-1 extravasation in the hippocampus and cortex. The researchers found that 28 days of EMF exposure induced the expression of mkp-1, resulting in ERK dephosphorylation.
Roggeveen S, van Os J, Lousberg R · 2015
Researchers investigated whether third generation mobile phone radiation peaks produce event-related potentials in the brain. Thirty-one healthy females took part in a single-blind, cross-over design where a 15 minute mobile phone exposure was compared to two 15 minute sham phone conditions. When the phone was placed at the ear, an enlarged cortical reactivity was found in the frontal and central cortical regions, but not when it was placed at the heart.
Narayanan SN, Kumar RS, Karun KM, Nayak SB, Bhat PG · 2015
Megha K et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed Fischer rats to 900 MHz and 1800 MHz microwave radiation for 30 days at 2 hours per day, 5 days per week, with specific absorption rates of 5.953 × 10−4 and 5.835 × 10−4 W/kg respectively. Levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and serotonin were measured in the hippocampus using LC–MS/MS. Exposed animals showed significant reductions in DA, NE, E and 5-HT, and significant downregulation in mRNA expression of TH, TPH1, and TPH2 compared with sham-exposed animals (p < 0.05).
Lustenberger et al. · 2015
The study investigated how much variation exists between individuals and within the same individual in response to pulsed radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure during sleep. The EEG analysis showed exposure-related increases in the delta-theta frequency range at several fronto-central electrodes, but no differences in the spindle frequency range. Reproducible within-subject effects on sleep spindle and delta-theta activity were not observed, and it remained unclear whether a biological trait of how subjects' brains react to RF EMF exists.
Ghosn R et al. · 2015
Researchers recorded resting EEG in 26 healthy young subjects under sham and real RF exposure conditions in a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover design. Compared with the sham session, the exposure session showed a statistically significant decrease of alpha band spectral power during the closed-eyes condition. This effect persisted in the postexposure session, and no significant changes were detected in electrode impedance, salivary cortisol, or caffeine between conditions.
Deshmukh PS et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed male Fischer rats to microwave radiation for 180 days at 3 different frequencies, namely, 900, 1800 MHz, and 2450 MHz. The study investigated effects on cognitive function, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and DNA damage in rat brain. The results showed declined cognitive function, elevated HSP70 level, and DNA damage in the brains of microwave-exposed animals. The researchers concluded that chronic low-intensity microwave exposure in the frequency range of 900 to 2450 MHz may cause hazardous effects on the brain.
Danker-Hopfe H et al. · 2015
Researchers conducted a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled cross-over study to examine whether electromagnetic fields from GSM 900 and WCDMA/UMTS devices affected sleep. Thirty healthy young men between 18 and 30 years old were each exposed three times per exposure condition while their sleep was recorded. The only consistent finding across individuals was an increase of stage R sleep under GSM 900 MHz exposure in 9 of 30 subjects and under WCDMA/UMTS exposure in 10 of 30 subjects.
Bodera P et al. · 2015
Researchers measured malondialdehyde (MDA), a marker of lipid peroxidation, in the blood, liver, kidneys, and brain of Wistar rats that were healthy or had inflammation, and exposed them repeatedly to 1800 MHz EMF. The exposure was repeated five times for 15 minutes and was studied both alone and combined with the opioid painkiller tramadol. MDA levels were slightly elevated in the blood, kidney, and brain of healthy rats in EMF-exposed groups treated with tramadol, while MDA in the liver remained at the same level across all groups. Overall, results for healthy rats and animals with inflammation did not differ significantly.
Unknown authors · 2014
Human stem cells possess memory, implying that all living human cells must have a memory system. The author suggests magnetite may be the best candidate for a universal memory molecule because it is Earth's most distributed magnetic material. Magnetite is found in the human brain, heart, liver, and spleen, and anomalous concentrations are associated with Alzheimer's disease. The author argues that the rapid speed and accuracy of the brain require memory to be governed by quantum mechanics.
Unknown authors · 2014
Researchers analyzed self-reported symptom data from 92 Victorian residents who registered adverse health effects from wireless smart meters on an Australian public website. The most frequently reported symptoms were insomnia, headaches, tinnitus, fatigue, cognitive disturbances, dysesthesias, and dizziness. The effects of these symptoms on people's lives were significant. The majority of cases did not report prior electromagnetic hypersensitivity syndrome, suggesting smart meters may have unique characteristics that lower symptom development thresholds.
