Hidisoglu E et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed rats to 2100-MHz electromagnetic fields for 2 hours per day for either 1 or 10 weeks, then recorded visual evoked potentials and measured markers of oxidative stress in the brain. After 1 week of exposure, visual response latencies were shortened and several antioxidant markers were increased. After 1 or 10 weeks, the effects on visual response latencies differed: latencies were shortened in the 1-week group but prolonged in the 10-week group. The researchers concluded that the effects of EMF on visual evoked potentials depend on exposure duration.
Erdem Koç G et al. · 2016
Researchers established seven groups of pregnant rats and exposed some to 900 MHz EMF for 60 minutes per day during the gestation period. After birth, male rat pups were selected and the total number of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal region was counted using the optical fractionator technique. The total number of pyramidal cells in the EMF group was significantly lower than in the control, sham, EMF plus melatonin, and EMF plus omega-3 groups. No difference was observed between any groups in terms of rats' body or brain weights.
Deshmukh PS et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed male Fischer rats to microwave radiation for 90 days at 900, 1800, and 2450 MHz to investigate effects on cognitive function, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) levels, and DNA damage in the brain. Cognitive function was tested using the elevated plus maze and Morris water maze, HSP70 levels were measured by ELISA, and DNA damage was assessed using alkaline comet assay. The results suggest that low-level microwave exposure at these frequencies may lead to hazardous effects on the brain.
(E) Barthélémy A et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed male Sprague Dawley rats for 15 minutes at 0, 1.5, or 6 W/kg, or for 45 minutes at 6 W/kg, to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Memory, emotionality, and locomotion were tested using fear conditioning, the elevated plus maze, and the open field. Long-term memory was reduced and cytosolic GFAP was increased in the hippocampus and in the olfactory bulb at 6 W/kg. No MBP or Aβ1–40 expression modification was shown. The study suggests that RF EMF-induced astrogliosis had functional consequences on memory but did not demonstrate that it was secondary to neuronal damage.
Unknown authors · 2015
Researchers exposed the cortex of juvenile and young adult rats to 1457 MHz RF at 2.0 W/kg for 50 minutes. They measured blood-brain barrier permeability in the pia mater using intravital fluorescence microscopy. No significant difference in dye extravasation was found between exposed and sham-exposed groups, and no albumin leakage was detected after exposure.
Unknown authors · 2015
Researchers exposed transgenic 5xFAD and wild-type mice to 1950 MHz RF-EMF for eight months at a SAR of 5 W/kg, two hours per day, five days per week. The exposure significantly reduced Aβ plaques, APP, and APP carboxyl-terminal fragments in the whole brain including hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, and reduced the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio in the hippocampus of Tg-5xFAD mice. RF-EMF inhibited parenchymal BACE1 expression and neuroinflammation in the transgenic mice. The treatment rescued memory impairment in the transgenic mice. Gene profiling showed that five Aβ-related genes were significantly altered in transgenic mice, with opposite expression patterns compared with wild-type mice.
Yoon S, Choi JW, Lee E, Ahn H, Kim HS, Choi HD, Kim N. · 2015
Among ipsilateral users, the adjusted odds ratios for lifetime years of use and cumulative hours of use were 1.25 (95% CI 0.55 to 2.88) and 1.77 (95% CI 0.32 to 1.84), respectively. The authors concluded that the results do not support the hypothesis that mobile phone use increases glioma risk, but suggest further evaluation for long-term users.
Söderqvist F, Carlberg M, Hardell L · 2015
Researchers conducted a single-blinded randomized counterbalanced study with 24 healthy subjects aged 18–30 years who underwent three exposure conditions. The study tested whether microwaves from an 890-MHz phone-like signal at SAR10G of 2 W/kg and 0.2 W/kg versus sham gave acute effects on brain-shielding barriers using blood serum biomarkers. Over time, statistically significant variations were found for TTR and β-trace protein, but no difference was found between exposure conditions and no interaction between exposure condition and time of blood sampling. The study concluded it failed to show any acute clinically or statistically significant effect of short-term microwave exposure on serum levels of S100β, TTR, and β-trace protein with follow-up limited to two hours.
Schoeni A, Roser K, Röösli M. · 2015
In a cross-sectional study, 439 adolescents completed questionnaires about mobile phone use at night and health, and 233 provided operator-recorded use data. Standardized computerized cognitive tests assessed memory and concentration capacity. Adolescents who reported being awakened at least once a month had higher odds of daytime tiredness (OR 1.86) and rapid exhaustibility (OR 2.28). Similar associations were seen with objective operator-recorded data for tiredness (OR 1.63) and rapid exhaustibility (OR 2.32). Cognitive test performance was not related to nighttime mobile phone use.
Court-Kowalski S et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed mice to 900 MHz RF fields at 4 W/kg for 104 weeks, five days per week. Control mice were sham-exposed or freely moving in cages. No change in astrocytic GFAP immunostaining was found in exposed mice compared to controls.
Lai J et al. · 2015
Sixty adult male rats were randomly assigned to a sham group or a 50 Hz/100 µT ELF-EMF exposure group for 24 weeks. During the exposure period, body weight, food intake, and water intake were recorded and showed no differences between groups. Behavioral tests for anxiety, depression, cognition, and memory found no effects of ELF-EMF, and brain morphology and histology were unchanged.
Trunk A et al. · 2015
Researchers used a full factorial design with 25 participants performing a visual target detection task while recording reaction time and EEG. Target trials were divided into low and high probability sets based on the distance between consecutive targets. Caffeine further shortened reaction time in high-probability trials and decreased pre-target alpha amplitude, indicating higher arousal. UMTS exposure alone or combined with caffeine did not change reaction time or pre-stimulus oscillatory brain activity.
Sauter C et al. · 2015
Researchers conducted a double-blind cross-over study with 30 healthy young men exposed to TETRA signals at 1.5 W/kg and 6.0 W/kg and sham. Exposure lasted 2.5 hours at 385 MHz with specific absorption rates of 1.5 and 6.0 W/kg. Attention was unchanged in two of three tasks, while working memory showed significant changes in two of four subtasks. 5 out of 35 tested parameters showed significant results, four of which indicated improved performance. Mood, well-being, and subjective somatic complaints were not affected by TETRA exposure.
Malek F, Rani KA, Rahim HA, Omar MH · 2015
The study aimed to determine whether short-term exposure at 1 V/m to typical GSM and UMTS signals affects cognitive performance and physiological parameters. The sample included 200 subjects, with 50.0% reporting idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields (IEI-EMF) and 50.0% non-IEI-EMF. No statistically significant differences were found between real exposure and sham exposure for cognitive performance or physiological effects in either group (P’s > 0.05).
Gupta N, Goyal D, Sharma R, Arora KS · 2015
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of long-term mobile phone usage on auditory brainstem evoked responses. Researchers conducted a retrospective cross-sectional case-control study with 100 healthy subjects aged 18 to 30, including 67 long-term GSM mobile phone users and 33 non-user controls. No significant difference was found in latencies, interpeak latencies, and amplitudes of ABR waves between the groups.
Zheng F et al. · 2015
Fatigue was significantly associated with years of MP usage and daily duration of MP calls, while headache was significantly associated with daily duration of MP calls. After adjusting for confounders, only the association between fatigue and MP usage remained statistically significant, and no significant association was found between MP use and other physical symptoms.
Sangun O, Dundar B, Darici H, Comlekci S, Doguc DK, Celik S · 2015
Researchers exposed female Wistar rats to a 2450 MHz electromagnetic field for one hour per day starting either prenatally or postnatally, with a sham-exposed control group. Prenatal exposure led to significantly lower daily mass gain and significantly later puberty. Brain and ovary total oxidant status and oxidative stress index were significantly increased in the prenatal group compared to the control group. Serum LH levels were increased in both prenatal and postnatal groups, while FSH and E2 did not differ among groups. Histological examinations showed no statistically significant differences between groups.
Nazıroğlu M, Özkan FF, Hapil SR, Ghazizadeh V, Çiğ B · 2015
Li C, Wu T. · 2015
Researchers numerically compared dosimetric results among adult, child, and infant models to evaluate infant exposure to magnetic fields from an electronic article surveillance system operating at 125 kHz and 13.56 MHz. Postures did not significantly influence dosimetric results when the cross-sectional area under exposure was similar. Infants showed higher SAR values for brain and central nervous system tissues compared with adults, 1.5x at 125 kHz and 112x at 13.56 MHz, though safety limits were unlikely to be exceeded. The infant's specific anatomy, such as a non-proportionally large head and high fat content, did not lead to higher SAR values.
Gramowski-Voß A et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed differentiating murine cortical networks on multiwell microelectrode arrays to an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field with alternating 10 and 16 Hz modulation on a 150 MHz carrier. The development of cortical activity was accelerated under these exposure conditions. The percentage of neurons in the co-culture increased without changing the total cell count, indicating enhanced neurogenesis. ELEMF exposure selectively promoted the proliferation of GABAergic neurons, increasing their proportion. The exposure also stimulated electrical network activity and intensified burst structure.
Geronikolou SA et al. · 2015
Carlberg M, Hardell L. · 2015
Researchers conducted a pooled analysis of two case-control studies on meningioma diagnosed during 1997-2003 and 2007-2009. In the highest decile of use (>3,358 hours), odds ratios were 1.5 for mobile phones and 2.0 for cordless phones. No association was found for ipsilateral use or anatomical tumor location.
Aerts S, Plets D, Thielens A, Martens L, Joseph W. · 2015
Researchers assessed RF-EMF exposure of a mobile-phone user connected to either an outdoor macrocell or an in-train small cell while traveling on a train. The study used the absorbed-dose concept combining base station downlink exposure with mobile-phone uplink exposure. For GSM at 1800 MHz, connecting to a small cell reduced brain exposure by a factor of 35 and whole-body exposure by a factor of 11.
Terraneo A et al. · 2015
Thirty-two cocaine-addicted patients were randomly assigned to receive repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or pharmacological agents for 29 days, followed by a 63-day follow-up where all were offered stimulation. During Stage 1, the stimulation group had significantly more cocaine-free urine drug tests than the control group (p=0.004). Craving for cocaine was significantly lower in the stimulation group compared to controls (p=0.038). No significant adverse events were noted.
Koeman T et al. · 2015
Researchers analyzed occupational exposures to solvents, pesticides, metals, ELF-MF, electrical shocks, and diesel motor exhaust on non-vascular dementia mortality in the Netherlands Cohort Study. Exposures were assigned using job-exposure matrices and after 17.3 years of follow-up, 682 male and 870 female cases were available. Positive associations were found for metals, chlorinated solvents, and ELF-MF with non-vascular dementia among men, while pesticide exposure showed inverse associations and no associations were found for shocks, aromatic solvents, and diesel motor exhaust.
