Jeong YJ et al. · 2018
The aim of the study was to observe the impact of long-term RF-EMF on oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in aging brains of C57BL/6 mice. Compared with young mice, aged mice showed significantly increased protein and lipid oxidative damage markers in the brain. Aged mice also had significantly elevated markers of DNA damage, apoptosis, astrocytes, and microglia. Long-term RF-EMF exposure did not change the levels of oxidative stress, DNA damage, apoptosis, astrocyte, or microglia markers in aged mouse brains. Long-term RF-EMF exposure also did not alter locomotor activity in aged mice.
Sato Y, Kojimahara N, Yamaguchi N · 2017
The study included 82 patients aged 6 to 18 years diagnosed with brain tumors between 2006 and 2010. Patients were divided into 16 mobile phone owners and 66 non-owners one year before diagnosis. Researchers used three general-population surveys to calculate expected ownership and found age-adjusted standardized ownership ratios of 0.83, 0.51, and 0.75 with confidence intervals of 0.56-1.22, 0.24-1.04, and 0.42-1.32. Mobile phone ownership prevalence among the young patients did not differ from general population estimates.
Sato Y, Kojimahara N, Taki M, Yamaguchi N · 2017
The study aimed to clarify the distribution of ear side of mobile phone use in Japan and factors associated with it. Statistically significant differences were observed only in talk time per call with an odds ratio of 2.17 and a 95% confidence interval of 1.22 to 3.99. In right-handed adults, left-ear use was significantly associated with age groups 30-39 (OR = 2.55; 95% CI: 1.79-3.68), 40-49 (OR = 3.08; 95% CI: 2.15-4.43), over 50 (OR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.20-2.85), and with work-related talk time of 51-100% (OR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.21-2.55). The survey included 2,518 children and 1,529 adults who completed an Internet-based survey, and data were analyzed by logistic regression. In children, the analysis focused on right-ear use in right-handed individuals due to dominant-hand tendency.
Ibitayo AO et al. · 2017
Researchers divided young male rats into four groups, with three groups exposed to 2.5 Ghz radiation for 30, 45, or 60 consecutive days. DNA damage was detected using agarose gel electrophoresis, and histomorphometry showed perivascular congestion and tissue damage.
Birks L et al. · 2017
Researchers analyzed data from 83,884 mother-child pairs across five birth cohorts in Denmark, Korea, the Netherlands, Norway, and Spain. They categorized maternal cell phone use during pregnancy into none, low, medium, and high based on call frequency reported by mothers. Child behavioral problems were assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire or Child Behavior Checklist at ages 5–7 years. A trend of increasing risk of hyperactivity/inattention problems was observed across cell phone use categories, with odds ratios of 1.11 for medium users and 1.28 for high users. The association was consistent across cohorts and between prospective and retrospective data collection methods.
Bhatt CR et al. · 2017
Aslan A, İkinci A, Baş O, Sönmez OF, Kaya H, Odacı E. · 2017
Researchers used three groups of six 21-day-old male rats, including an unexposed control, a sham-exposed group, and a group exposed to 900 MHz EMF for one hour daily from postnatal day 21 to 46. The EMF-exposed group had significantly fewer Purkinje cells than both the control and sham groups. Histopathological examination also showed altered Purkinje cell arrangement and intense cytoplasmic staining in the exposed rats.
Othman H et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to a 2.45 GHz WiFi signal for two hours daily throughout gestation. Offspring were assessed for physical and neurodevelopment during the first 17 postnatal days, anxiety at 28 days, motor behavior at 40-43 days, and cerebral oxidative stress and cholinesterase activity at 28 and 43 days. Prenatal WiFi exposure impaired early neurodevelopment but did not alter emotional or motor behavior in adulthood. It also increased oxidative stress markers and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities at 28 days but not at 43 days, and affected acetylcholinesterase activity in brain and serum.
Sharma A, Kesari KK, Saxena VK, Sisodia R. · 2017
Othman H, Ammari M, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. · 2017
Researchers randomly assigned 24 pregnant albino Wistar rats to four groups: control, WiFi-exposed, restrained, and both WiFi-exposed and restrained. Each WiFi exposure and restraint session lasted 2 hours per day throughout gestation until parturition. Prenatal WiFi exposure and restraint, separately and especially combined, adversely affected offspring physical development, neuromotor maturation, adult emotional responses, motor and exploratory behavior, brain oxidative stress, and serum biochemistry, with most impacts depending on offspring gender.
Lameth J et al. · 2017
Researchers investigated whether a 2-hour head-only exposure to GSM-1800 MHz could affect a neuroinflammatory reaction triggered by lipopolysaccharide in 2-week-old or adult rats. In developing rats, 24 hours after exposure, cortical interleukin-1β and NOX2 NADPH oxidase transcripts were reduced by 50 to 60% compared with sham-exposed animals. Adult rats showed a 50% reduction in IL1β mRNA but no NOX2 suppression and displayed a significant growth response of microglial cell processes. GSM exposure decreased phosphorylation at two residues on the GluA1 AMPA receptor subunit (serine 831 and 845). The changes in gene expression, microglia, and GluA1 phosphorylation did not persist 72 hours after exposure and were absent without LPS pretreatment.
Sato Y, Kiyohara K, Kojimahara N, Yamaguchi N. · 2016
Redmayne M et al. · 2016
Researchers recruited 619 fourth-grade students aged 8 to 11 from 37 schools in Melbourne and Wollongong, Australia. Participants completed a questionnaire, a computerised cognitive test battery, and the Stroop colour-word test while parents reported the children's mobile and cordless phone call frequencies. Phone use was categorised by weekly call count into none, some (≤ median) or more (> median), with medians of 2.5 calls for mobile phones and 2.0 for cordless phones. Only 5 of 78 comparisons were statistically significant; higher mobile phone use was linked to slower reaction time on a response-inhibition task, and higher cordless phone use was linked to slower Stroop interference time and poorer accuracy on visual recognition, episodic memory, and identification tasks.
Zhou Z, Shan J, Zu J, Chen Z, Ma W, Li L, Xu J. · 2016
At day 4 of incubation, 76 normally developing chick embryos were divided into a control group of 39 and a radiation group of 37, with the radiation group exposed to mobile phone radiation for 10 hours each day from day 4 to 19 of incubation. Behavioral tests were performed 4 days after hatching, followed by T2-weighted MR imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. Compared with controls, chicks in the radiation group showed significantly slower aggregation responses, lower belongingness, and weaker vocalization. No significant differences were found for brain size and structural maturity except for cerebellum size, which was significantly smaller in the radiation group. The hatching and heteroplasia rates did not differ significantly between groups.
Bouji M, Lecomte A, Gamez C, Blazy K, Villégier AS. · 2016
Researchers exposed aged (22–24 months) and young (4–6 months) adult male rats to head RF-EMF exposures at 900 MHz, with a specific absorption rate of 6 W/kg, for 45 minutes per day for 1 month. Aged rats showed deficits in spatial learning, exploration, anxiety-related behaviors, and increased hippocampal ILs and cortical IL-1β. The senescence-typical neurobiological deficits were not modified by RF-EMF exposures, and the study did not support the hypothesis of a specific cerebral vulnerability to RF-EMF during senescence. RF-EMF-exposed rats, with young and aged adults pooled, had decreased anxiety-related behaviors in the elevated plus maze.
Sırav B, Seyhan N · 2016
Researchers used young adult male and female Wistar albino rats to investigate whether pulse modulated 900 MHz and 1800 MHz radio-frequency radiation affects the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Permeability was measured by quantifying Evans blue dye that passed into the brain after intravenous injection. In both male radio-frequency radiation exposed groups, blood-brain barrier permeability was found to be increased compared with controls, with 1800 MHz found more effective in males. For female rats, 900 MHz exposure was associated with increased permeability, but no statistical difference was found between the 1800 MHz exposed and control groups.
Sauter C et al. · 2015
Researchers conducted a double-blind cross-over study with 30 healthy young men exposed to TETRA signals at 1.5 W/kg and 6.0 W/kg and sham. Exposure lasted 2.5 hours at 385 MHz with specific absorption rates of 1.5 and 6.0 W/kg. Attention was unchanged in two of three tasks, while working memory showed significant changes in two of four subtasks. 5 out of 35 tested parameters showed significant results, four of which indicated improved performance. Mood, well-being, and subjective somatic complaints were not affected by TETRA exposure.
Zheng F et al. · 2015
Fatigue was significantly associated with years of MP usage and daily duration of MP calls, while headache was significantly associated with daily duration of MP calls. After adjusting for confounders, only the association between fatigue and MP usage remained statistically significant, and no significant association was found between MP use and other physical symptoms.
Sangun O, Dundar B, Darici H, Comlekci S, Doguc DK, Celik S · 2015
Researchers exposed female Wistar rats to a 2450 MHz electromagnetic field for one hour per day starting either prenatally or postnatally, with a sham-exposed control group. Prenatal exposure led to significantly lower daily mass gain and significantly later puberty. Brain and ovary total oxidant status and oxidative stress index were significantly increased in the prenatal group compared to the control group. Serum LH levels were increased in both prenatal and postnatal groups, while FSH and E2 did not differ among groups. Histological examinations showed no statistically significant differences between groups.
Gramowski-Voß A et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed differentiating murine cortical networks on multiwell microelectrode arrays to an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field with alternating 10 and 16 Hz modulation on a 150 MHz carrier. The development of cortical activity was accelerated under these exposure conditions. The percentage of neurons in the co-culture increased without changing the total cell count, indicating enhanced neurogenesis. ELEMF exposure selectively promoted the proliferation of GABAergic neurons, increasing their proportion. The exposure also stimulated electrical network activity and intensified burst structure.
Geronikolou SA et al. · 2015
Shivashankara AR et al. · 2015
The study assessed salivary enzymes, protein, and oxidant-antioxidant markers in young college students who used cell phones. Participants were divided into less mobile users and high mobile users based on duration and frequency of cell phone use. Unstimulated whole saliva samples were analyzed for amylase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH). High mobile users showed significantly higher levels of amylase, LDH, and MDA than less mobile users. Decreases in total protein, GSH, and flow rate were not statistically significant.
Saygin M, Asci H, Ozmen O, Cankara FN, Dincoglu D, Ilhan I. · 2015
Six-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups, including a sham group, an EMR-only group exposed to 2.45 GHz radiation for 3 hours per day for 30 days, an EMR plus gallic acid group, and a gallic acid-only group. EMR exposure increased malondialdehyde and total oxidant status levels, decreased total antioxidant status, and raised prostaglandin E2 and calcitonin gene-related peptide staining in testicular tubules. Gallic acid treatment lowered total oxidant status and oxidative stress index and raised total antioxidant status. It also reduced prostaglandin E2 and calcitonin gene-related peptide staining and increased testosterone and VEGF levels relative to the EMR-only group.
Marconi A et al. · 2015
The study used a randomized, double-blind, crossover design with 18 human volunteers exposed to GSM mobile phone radiation. Researchers measured two categories of oxidative stress biomarkers in blood and exhaled air, including markers of lipid oxidation and antioxidant defense. After 30 minutes of exposure, the overall entropy of the biomarker dataset decreased significantly, indicating a modulation of biomarker organization.
Furtado-Filho OV et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed young rats to 950 MHz ultra-high-frequency electromagnetic radiation to measure oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids in the left and right cerebral cortex. Radiation exposure lasted 30 minutes per day for up to 27 days, with a specific absorption rate ranging from 1.32 to 1.14 W/kg. In neonates, no modification of the biomarkers tested was detected, while 6-day-old exposed rats showed increased carbonylated proteins in the right cerebral cortex and decreased blood glucose. The researchers concluded that the elevated carbonylated proteins in the right cerebral cortex did not appear to be a consequence of oxidative stress.
