Ikeda K, Nakamura K. · 2018
The cross-sectional study included 2,785 high school students in Niigata, Japan. Mean mobile phone use was 24 hours per week with a median of 18 hours. Longer mobile phone use was associated with female students, no sports club participation, early mobile phone use, and fewer hours of sleep. Overall associations between hours of mobile phone use and mood scores were significant for depressed mood, tension and excitement, and fatigue.
Comelekoglu U et al. · 2018
Researchers divided rats into four groups: control, paricalcitol only, RF exposure only, and RF plus paricalcitol. Rats in the RF groups were exposed to 1,800 MHz RF radiation for 1 hour per day for 4 weeks. RF exposure caused significant reduction in nerve signal amplitude, prolonged latency, increased malondialdehyde levels, increased catalase activity, and degeneration of myelinated nerve fibers. Paricalcitol administration partially ameliorated these neuropathic changes.
Zhang J, Sumich A, Wang GY. · 2017
The review focuses on recent neuroimaging and electroencephalography studies to analyze effects of MP EMF exposure on neurocognitive function. Several studies indicate an increase in cortical excitability and/or efficiency with EMF exposure, more prominent in fronto-temporal regions and associated with faster reaction time. Cortical excitability might also underpin disruption to sleep. However, several inconsistent findings exist and conclusions regarding adverse effects of EMF exposure are currently limited.
Martens AL et al. · 2017
Durusoy R, Hassoy H, Özkurt A, Karababa AO. · 2017
Headache, fatigue, and sleep disturbances were reported 1.90, 1.78, and 1.53 times more often among mobile phone users. Dose-response relationships were found for call frequency, call duration, text message frequency, phone position at night, and charging while calling with symptoms such as headache, concentration difficulties, fatigue, sleep disturbances, ear warming, and flushing. No association was found between school EMF levels and symptoms, while limited associations were seen for proximity to base stations. Data were collected via questionnaire and EMF measurements from November 2009 to April 2011 using an Aaronia Spectran HF-4060 device.
Lameth J et al. · 2017
Researchers investigated whether a 2-hour head-only exposure to GSM-1800 MHz could affect a neuroinflammatory reaction triggered by lipopolysaccharide in 2-week-old or adult rats. In developing rats, 24 hours after exposure, cortical interleukin-1β and NOX2 NADPH oxidase transcripts were reduced by 50 to 60% compared with sham-exposed animals. Adult rats showed a 50% reduction in IL1β mRNA but no NOX2 suppression and displayed a significant growth response of microglial cell processes. GSM exposure decreased phosphorylation at two residues on the GluA1 AMPA receptor subunit (serine 831 and 845). The changes in gene expression, microglia, and GluA1 phosphorylation did not persist 72 hours after exposure and were absent without LPS pretreatment.
Schwarze S et al. · 2016
Researchers tested European robins' magnetic compass orientation in an electromagnetically silent laboratory under four narrow-band electromagnetic fields at the Larmor frequency, double the Larmor frequency, 1.315 MHz, and 50 Hz, and broadband electromagnetic noise covering ~2 kHz to ~9 MHz. None of the relatively strong narrow-band fields disrupted the robins' magnetic compass orientation. The weak broadband field very efficiently disrupted the robins' magnetic compass orientation.
Singh K et al. · 2016
The study aimed to compare health complaints and salivary flow rates between populations living near and far from mobile phone base stations in Jaipur, India. Sleep disturbances were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and other health problems were recorded via questionnaire. A majority of residents near the base stations reported sleep disturbances, headache, dizziness, irritability, concentration difficulties, and hypertension. Stimulated salivary secretion was significantly lower in the exposed group compared to controls (P < 0.01). The authors concluded that prolonged exposure effects cannot be ruled out and further studies are warranted.
Yang L, Chen Q, Lv B, Wu T · 2016
Researchers evaluated changes in EEG due to LTE EMF exposure. Exposure reduced spectral power and interhemispheric coherence in the alpha and beta bands of frontal and temporal brain regions. No significant change was observed in spectral power and interhemispheric coherence across different timeslots during and after exposure.
Erdem Koç G et al. · 2016
Researchers established seven groups of pregnant rats and exposed some to 900 MHz EMF for 60 minutes per day during the gestation period. After birth, male rat pups were selected and the total number of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal region was counted using the optical fractionator technique. The total number of pyramidal cells in the EMF group was significantly lower than in the control, sham, EMF plus melatonin, and EMF plus omega-3 groups. No difference was observed between any groups in terms of rats' body or brain weights.
Schoeni A, Roser K, Röösli M. · 2015
In a cross-sectional study, 439 adolescents completed questionnaires about mobile phone use at night and health, and 233 provided operator-recorded use data. Standardized computerized cognitive tests assessed memory and concentration capacity. Adolescents who reported being awakened at least once a month had higher odds of daytime tiredness (OR 1.86) and rapid exhaustibility (OR 2.28). Similar associations were seen with objective operator-recorded data for tiredness (OR 1.63) and rapid exhaustibility (OR 2.32). Cognitive test performance was not related to nighttime mobile phone use.
Singh S, Mani KV, Kapoor N. · 2015
Exelmans L, Van den Bulck J. · 2015
Lustenberger et al. · 2015
The study investigated how much variation exists between individuals and within the same individual in response to pulsed radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure during sleep. The EEG analysis showed exposure-related increases in the delta-theta frequency range at several fronto-central electrodes, but no differences in the spindle frequency range. Reproducible within-subject effects on sleep spindle and delta-theta activity were not observed, and it remained unclear whether a biological trait of how subjects' brains react to RF EMF exists.
Ghosn R et al. · 2015
Researchers recorded resting EEG in 26 healthy young subjects under sham and real RF exposure conditions in a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover design. Compared with the sham session, the exposure session showed a statistically significant decrease of alpha band spectral power during the closed-eyes condition. This effect persisted in the postexposure session, and no significant changes were detected in electrode impedance, salivary cortisol, or caffeine between conditions.
Danker-Hopfe H et al. · 2015
Researchers conducted a double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled cross-over study to examine whether electromagnetic fields from GSM 900 and WCDMA/UMTS devices affected sleep. Thirty healthy young men between 18 and 30 years old were each exposed three times per exposure condition while their sleep was recorded. The only consistent finding across individuals was an increase of stage R sleep under GSM 900 MHz exposure in 9 of 30 subjects and under WCDMA/UMTS exposure in 10 of 30 subjects.
Murbach et al. · 2014
Researchers evaluated three hypotheses about how radiofrequency exposure could affect EEG by using numerical simulations and experimental assessments with phantoms and anatomical human models. They found that induced fields cause less than a 20% increase in 10 g-averaged SAR, that worst-case electrode placement raises skin temperature by at most 0.31 °C and brain temperature by less than 0.1 °C, and that temperature ripples from RF pulses are below 0.001 °C for GSM-like signals and below 0.004 °C for higher pulse energy. These local short-term temperature elevations are unlikely to change brain physiology during the time period from minutes to several hours after exposure. Thus, the mechanism of interaction between RF and changes in the EEG power spectrum remains unknown.
Adachi-Mejia AM et al. · 2014
The study aimed to determine if mobile phones interfere with adolescent sleep, and researchers conducted a pilot test in a pediatric primary care practice with 454 patients aged 12 to 20 years, half female, attending a well-child visit. Adolescents completed paper-and-pencil surveys in the waiting room. More than half took their mobile phone to bed (62.9%) and kept it turned on while sleeping (56.8%). More than one-third texted after going to bed (36.7%), and 7.9% were awakened by a text two or more times per week. Almost half used their phone as their alarm (45.7%).
Zheng F et al. · 2014
A total of 7720 middle school students were involved in this cross-sectional study and 7102 valid questionnaires were obtained. Inattention was assessed using DSM-IV-TR criteria for the attention deficit component of ADHD. After adjusting for confounders, inattention was significantly associated with MP ownership, entertainment time on MP per day, MP position during the day, and MP mode at night. The strongest association was among students who spent more than 60 minutes per day playing on their MP.
Yogesh S, Abha S, Priyanka S. · 2014
The study enrolled 100 medical students divided into cases with more than two hours of daily mobile phone use (n=57) and controls with two hours or less (n=43), and assessed sleep quality using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index. Differences between groups were tested with the Mann-Whitney U test and Student's t-test, and correlations were analyzed using Spearman's rank correlation with significance set at p<0.05. Evening mobile phone use showed a significant negative association with sleep quality (r=-0.606, p=0.042), where higher PSQI scores indicate worse sleep.
Qiao S et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed Wistar rats, rat hippocampal synaptosomes, and PC12 cells to microwave radiation for 5 minutes at a mean power density of 30 mW/cm2. Spatial learning and memory in rats was assessed using the Morris Water Maze navigation task, and there was a decrease in spatial memory performance after microwave exposure. The expression of phosphorylated synapsin I (ser-553) was decreased at 3 days post-exposure and elevated at later time points, while GABA release from synaptosomes was attenuated. Both microwave exposure and synapsin I silencing reduced GABA release, and the greatest reduction was found when both were combined, indicating a synergetic effect.
Pelletier A et al. · 2014
Researchers recorded thermal preference and sleep in 18 young male Wistar rats, with nine exposed to a low-intensity RF-EMF at 900 MHz and nine serving as non-exposed controls. During the light period, exposed rats preferred to sleep at an air temperature of 31°C while controls preferred 28°C. During the dark period, no significant differences between groups were found.
Maskey D, Kim MJ · 2014
Researchers applied radiofrequency at a specific absorption rate of 1.6 W/kg or 0 W/kg to mice to study the distribution of BDNF and GDNF in the nuclei of the superior olivary complex. In the exposed group, significant reductions in BDNF immunoreactivity were noted in the lateral superior olive, medial superior olive, superior paraolivary nucleus, and medial nucleus of the trapezoid body. GDNF immunoreactivity was also significantly decreased (p < 0.001) in all superior olivary complex nuclei of the exposed group. The researchers suggested that the decrease in these neurotrophic factors in the superior olivary complex suggests a detrimental effect of RF exposure in the auditory nuclei.
Redmayne M · 2013
The cross-sectional study recruited 373 Year 7 and 8 students with a mean age of 12.3 years from the Wellington region of New Zealand. Participants completed a questionnaire and measured their normal body-to-phone texting distances. Both cellphones and cordless phones were used by approximately 90% of students. A third of participants had already used a cordless phone for ≥ 7 years. High cellphone use was related to cellphone location at night, being woken regularly, and being tired at school.
Gómez-Perretta C, Navarro EA, Segura J, Portolés M. · 2013
Researchers re-analyzed data from a 2003 study on health symptoms related to microwave exposure from mobile phone base stations. They used binary logistic regression with bootstrapping to model symptoms as a function of exposure. The symptoms most related to exposure were lack of appetite, lack of concentration, irritability, and trouble sleeping. Concerns about base stations were strongly related to trouble sleeping. The exposure variable remained statistically significant in multivariate analysis.
