Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers used 21 New Zealand rabbits divided into three groups of seven, with a control group and two groups exposed to 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz radiation. Exposure was maintained at a constant power intensity of 15 dBm for 38 minutes per day under non-thermal conditions with RF levels about ten times lower than normal. Blood-brain barrier permeability was assessed by measuring Evans blue dye in brain tissue using spectrophotometry at 620 nm. No statistically significant difference was found for 1800 MHz exposure, but 2100 MHz exposure produced a statistically significant difference at the 95% confidence level with a decrease in EB values.
Unknown authors · 2025
Swiss researchers exposed 34 people to 5G signals (3.6 GHz and 700 MHz) for 30 minutes before sleep and monitored their brain waves during sleep. They found that people with a specific genetic variant showed altered brain wave patterns (faster sleep spindles) only when exposed to 3.6 GHz 5G radiation. This suggests that genetic differences may determine how sensitive individuals are to 5G's effects on brain activity during sleep.
Unknown authors · 2025
Temperature was the dominant factor, with optimal development at 30–32 °C. RF exposure at 18 GHz accelerated development at intermediate temperatures, but extreme RF and suboptimal temperatures prolonged development. Aedes aegypti was more sensitive to temperature changes than Aedes albopictus.
Sailo L et al. · 2025
Researchers gave a symptom questionnaire to 183 highly exposed and 126 reference residents matched on demographics in a hilly city in Mizoram, India. They measured RF-EMF levels in residents' lounge rooms and compared symptoms between those living closer than 300 meters and farther than 400 meters from base stations. Residents living closer reported more symptoms in all four health categories, and higher exposure levels were the only factor predicting the number of symptoms.
Dom NC, Dapari R, Halim NMHNA, Rahman ATA · 2025
Levitt et al · 2025
Unknown authors · 2025
The study evaluated the in-vitro impact of simultaneous exposure to 5G-modulated 3.5 GHz and GSM-modulated 1.8 GHz signals on neuronal electrical activity, mitochondrial ROS production, and cellular stress protein responses. Primary cortical neurons and human immortalized skin fibroblasts were exposed at SARs of 1 or 4 W/kg for 15 minutes or 24 hours, respectively. No significant effects were found on the mean bursting rate or mean firing rate of cortical neurons, mitochondrial ROS production in fibroblasts remained unaffected, and HSF1 basal activity and responsiveness to MG132 showed no change. BRET assays detected only minor, inconsistent variations in RAS and PML basal activity and drug responsiveness, near the detection threshold.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers established a dual-frequency EMR mouse model at 0.8/2.65 GHz. Exposure to this dual-frequency EMR significantly induced anxiety-like behavior in mice. Molecular experiments showed a significant decrease in CB1R levels in the medial prefrontal cortex along with a notable reduction in the endogenous cannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol and anandamide, indicating downregulation of the entire endocannabinoid system. Overexpressing and knocking down CB1R in the medial prefrontal cortex confirmed that increasing mPFC CB1R levels reduced anxiety-like behavior while decreasing mPFC CB1R levels exacerbated it. Dual-frequency EMR also induced changes in the endocannabinoid system in the basolateral amygdala, and female mice exhibited similar behavioral phenotypes and molecular mechanisms.
Torres-Ruiz M et al. · 2024
Researchers exposed zebrafish embryos to unmodulated 700 MHz and 3500 MHz radiofrequency radiation for 1 and 4 hours during the blastula period and assessed outcomes up to 120 hours post fertilization. The exposure did not affect mortality, hatching, or body length, but caused specific organ morphological changes and lasting behavioral alterations in activity, anxiety-like behavior, and habituation. Effects were stronger at 700 MHz, particularly after 4 hours of exposure, and acetylcholinesterase activity was reduced.
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers exposed 30 Aedes aegypti eggs to radiofrequency radiation at baseline, 900 MHz, and 18 GHz, with each frequency tested in triplicate. They assessed hatching responses, development times, larval numbers, and pupation periods until adult emergence. The 900 MHz group showed the highest hatching rate at 79 ± 10.54% and the lowest adult emergence rate at 33 ± 2.77%, with a significant difference between groups (p = 0.03).
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers evaluated effects of non-ionizing radiation from three cell phone towers on Allium cepa at five sites with different power densities and a zero-exposure control. Mean power densities at the five sites were 1.05, 1.18, 1.6, 2.73, and 12.9 μW/cm². A significant change in morphology, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight in Allium cepa was observed under the exposure at different sites. Protein content of roots showed significant difference for samples at all sites while bulbs at sites S4 and S5 when compared to control. The samples under exposure to radiation with maximum power density have shown maximum induction of oxidative stress and genotoxicity.
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers exposed onion plants to radiation from actual cell phone towers at different distances, measuring power densities from 1.05 to 12.9 μW/cm². The study found significant cellular damage, oxidative stress, and genetic abnormalities in plants, with effects increasing as radiation exposure levels rose.
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers exposed onion plants to cell phone and WiFi radiation at 1800 MHz and 2400 MHz for varying durations up to 8 hours daily over 7 days. They found that longer exposures reduced plant growth, altered protein production, triggered stress responses in cellular enzymes, and caused chromosomal damage in root cells. This demonstrates that even non-ionizing radiation at everyday wireless frequencies can produce biological effects including genetic damage.
Unknown authors · 2024
Sousouria G et al. · 2024
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers exposed mouse testosterone-producing cells (Leydig cells) to radiation from 4G phones and specific frequencies of 1800 MHz and 2450 MHz. After 2 hours of exposure, testosterone production dropped significantly and harmful free radicals increased, while cell survival wasn't affected. This suggests cell phone radiation could contribute to male fertility problems.
Unknown authors · 2024
Unknown authors · 2024
Researchers exposed male rats to cell phone (915 MHz) and WiFi (2450 MHz) radiation for 30 days, finding significant damage to testicular tissue and sperm production. However, when rats were given rosmarinic acid (a natural antioxidant found in herbs like rosemary), it protected against this reproductive damage by reducing oxidative stress.
Unknown authors · 2023
The study examined RF-EMF effects on lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in indoor and outdoor settings using DECT (1890–1900 MHz) and Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz and 5 GHz) frequencies. Under greenhouse conditions, RF-EMF had only a minor impact on fast chlorophyll fluorescence kinetics and did not affect flowering time. In field conditions, RF-EMF exposure significantly reduced photosynthetic efficiency, accelerated flowering, down-regulated VDE and ZEP genes, and lowered FV/FM and NPQ under light stress.
Unknown authors · 2023
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz EMF radiation for 6, 12, or 24 hours per day over 20 days. After birth, six male pups per group were randomly selected for histopathological and biochemical analysis of myocardial tissue. Myocardial damage was greatest in the 2100 MHz 24-hour group, which also had higher MDA and lower GSH levels. At 1800 MHz, the 24-hour exposure group showed greater damage, higher MDA, and lower GSH compared to shorter durations. The authors concluded that myocardial tissue is more affected by long-term high-frequency EMF exposure and raised concerns about 5G technology.
Unknown authors · 2023
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to cell phone frequencies (900, 1800, and 2100 MHz) for up to 24 hours daily during pregnancy, then examined heart tissue in newborn pups. Higher frequencies and longer exposure times caused more severe heart damage and oxidative stress, with 2100 MHz (5G frequency) showing the worst effects. The findings suggest that prenatal EMF exposure may harm developing hearts.
Unknown authors · 2023
Fifty-six rats weighing 200–250 g were divided into healthy and diabetic groups, each with sham and radiofrequency radiation exposure at 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz. Over a month, each group spent two hours per day in a Plexiglas carousel, with experimental groups exposed to radiofrequency radiation and sham groups not exposed. Researchers performed three-point bending tests and radiological evaluations on the right tibia bones and measured CAT, GSH, MDA, and IMA in skeletal muscle tissue. Significant differences were found in biomechanical properties, radiological evaluations, and muscle tissue measurements between groups (p < .05). Average whole-body SAR values were 0.026 W/kg for GSM 900 MHz, 0.164 W/kg for 1800 MHz, and 0.173 W/kg for 2100 MHz.
Unknown authors · 2023
Researchers exposed 28 Wistar Albino rats to 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation for 3 hours per day over one month. The greatest effect was seen at 1800 MHz in the right lobe and at 2100 MHz in the left lobe.
Unknown authors · 2022
Unknown authors · 2022
