Taheri M et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed two types of bacteria (Listeria and E. coli) to radiofrequency radiation from cell phones (900 MHz) and Wi-Fi routers (2.4 GHz) to see if it affected how well antibiotics worked against them. They found that RF exposure made these disease-causing bacteria more resistant to antibiotics, meaning the medications became less effective at killing them. This could have serious implications for treating infections, as it suggests our wireless devices might be contributing to the growing problem of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Shirai T et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed pregnant rats and their offspring to eight different wireless communication frequencies (from cell phones to WiFi) for 20 hours daily throughout pregnancy and early development. They found no adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes, offspring development, memory function, or reproductive ability across two generations of rats. This study suggests that simultaneous exposure to multiple wireless frequencies at communication signal levels may not harm reproductive health or early development.
Qureshi ST, Memon SA, Abassi AR, Sial MA, Bughio FA. · 2017
Pakistani researchers exposed chickpea seeds to radiation from cell phones (900 MHz) and laptops (3.31 GHz) for 24 and 48 hours to study DNA damage. They found that both devices caused genetic damage to plant cells, with laptop radiation being more harmful than cell phone radiation. The study suggests these everyday devices could potentially cause DNA damage and cancer-like changes in living tissue.
Lian HY, Lin KW, Yang C, Cai P. · 2017
Researchers exposed yeast cells to radiofrequency radiation (2.0 GHz) and extremely low frequency fields (50 Hz) to study effects on protein misfolding. They found that both types of electromagnetic fields increased the formation and spread of prions (misfolded proteins linked to neurodegenerative diseases) in a dose-dependent manner. This suggests EMF exposure may contribute to protein misfolding disorders through oxidative stress mechanisms.
Calvente I et al. · 2016
Spanish researchers measured radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure around the homes of 123 ten-year-old boys and tested their cognitive abilities and behavior. Boys living in areas with higher RF exposure (though still below safety guidelines) showed some concerning patterns including lower verbal skills and higher rates of anxiety-related problems. While the study found mostly no effects, the few significant associations raise questions about environmental RF exposure during critical brain development years.
Calvente I et al. · 2016
Spanish researchers measured radiofrequency radiation around the homes of 123 ten-year-old boys and tested their cognitive abilities and behavior. While most measures showed no effects, boys living in areas with higher RF exposure (though still below safety guidelines) had lower verbal skills and higher rates of anxiety-related behaviors compared to those in lower exposure areas. The researchers cautioned that study limitations prevent drawing definitive conclusions.
Gläser K et al. · 2016
German researchers exposed human blood stem cells (the cells that create all blood cells in your body) to cell phone radiation at three different frequencies for up to 66 hours. They tested multiple biological endpoints including DNA damage, cell death, and oxidative stress. Surprisingly, they found that GSM radiation actually caused a small decrease in DNA damage compared to unexposed cells, while showing no other significant effects.
McNamee JP et al. · 2016
Canadian researchers exposed mice to 1.9 GHz radiofrequency radiation (similar to cell phone signals) for 4 hours daily over 5 days and examined gene activity in seven different brain regions. They found no consistent changes in gene expression at exposure levels of 0.2 or 1.4 W/kg, though they acknowledge their study may have missed very small changes below 1.5-fold. This suggests that short-term RF exposure at these levels doesn't significantly alter how genes function in the brain.
Stasinopoulou M et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to DECT phone base station radiation (the same frequency as cordless phones) for 12 hours daily during pregnancy and early life. They found increased heart rates in developing embryos, altered birth measurements in newborns, and significant brain cell loss in the hippocampus region of 22-day-old pups. These brain changes occurred whether the animals were exposed only before birth or both before and after birth.
Mina D et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed wall lizards to cordless phone radiation 24 hours daily for 8 weeks. The lizards showed 45% weaker immune responses compared to unexposed animals, suggesting that constant wireless radiation exposure may suppress the immune system in living creatures.
Calvente I et al. · 2015
Spanish researchers measured radiofrequency radiation around 123 families' homes, finding average levels of 196 mV/m electric field strength. Though below safety guidelines, the study emphasized applying precautionary measures to protect children from chronic EMF exposure due to their developing biology and increasing wireless device use.
Kottou S et al. · 2015
Greek researchers measured electromagnetic field levels in over 4,500 indoor locations across three regions, focusing on extremely low frequency magnetic fields and radiofrequency electric fields that health agencies consider possibly cancer-causing. They found that while EMF levels varied by location and distance from sources, all measurements remained well below current safety limits set by European regulators. The study provides baseline data on typical indoor EMF exposure levels in Greek homes.
Mugunthan N et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed mice to cell phone radiation from 2G and 3G phones for 48 minutes daily over six months and examined the effects on reproductive organs. The study found significant damage to testicular tissue, including reduced testosterone levels, fewer sperm-producing cells, and structural damage to the tubes where sperm develop. Both 2G and 3G radiation produced similar harmful effects on male fertility.
Malek F, Rani KA, Rahim HA, Omar MH · 2015
Malaysian researchers exposed 200 people (half claiming electromagnetic sensitivity) to cell tower signals at 1 volt per meter for short periods and measured cognitive performance, body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. They found no statistically significant differences between real exposure and fake exposure in either sensitive or non-sensitive individuals. This suggests that brief exposure to typical cell tower radiation levels doesn't immediately affect these basic body functions or mental performance.
Sasaki K, Wake K, Watanabe S · 2014
Researchers measured how electromagnetic waves interact with the two main layers of human skin - the outer epidermis and deeper dermis - across frequencies from 0.5 to 110 GHz. They found that current safety models significantly underestimate how much electromagnetic energy these skin layers actually absorb, especially at higher frequencies above 20 GHz. This matters because accurate absorption data is crucial for both medical device development and safety assessments of wireless technologies.
Margaritis LH et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed fruit flies to common wireless devices like cell phones, WiFi, and Bluetooth to study reproductive effects. All devices significantly reduced egg production and increased cell death, even at very low exposure levels below current safety guidelines, suggesting potential biological impacts.
Manta AK, Stravopodis DJ, Papassideri IS, Margaritis LH. · 2014
Researchers exposed fruit flies to cordless phone base station radiation and found cellular damage markers doubled in fly bodies after 6 hours. Female reproductive organs showed even faster responses, with damage markers increasing 2.5 times after just 1 hour of exposure.
Adibzadeh F et al. · 2014
Researchers used computer models to study how mobile phone radiation is absorbed in the brains of 20 different people with varying head shapes and sizes. They found that radiation absorption (called SAR) varied dramatically between individuals - up to 16 times higher in some people compared to others, depending on their unique head anatomy. This means current safety testing, which uses only standard dummy heads, may not accurately predict radiation exposure for real people with different head shapes.
Geronikolou S et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed fruit flies (Drosophila) to radiation from both mobile phones (900 MHz) and cordless phones (1880 MHz) to study reproductive effects. They found that mobile phone radiation significantly reduced egg laying in the second generation of flies, while cordless phone radiation showed only limited effects. The study suggests that lower frequency radiation may cause stronger biological impacts.
Sarapultseva EI, Igolkina JV, Tikhonov VN, Dubrova YE · 2014
Researchers exposed single-celled organisms called ciliates to radiofrequency radiation at levels similar to what we encounter from cell phones and wireless devices. The radiation significantly reduced the organisms' ability to move, and this damage persisted in their offspring for at least 10-15 generations even though the offspring were never directly exposed. This suggests that RF radiation can cause biological effects that are passed down to future generations.
Schneider J, Stangassinger M · 2014
German researchers exposed rats to cell phone radiation (900 MHz GSM and 1.966 GHz UMTS) for their entire lives and tested their memory using a social recognition task. Male rats showed significant memory impairments, particularly when exposed to GSM frequencies, while female rats were unaffected. This suggests that chronic exposure to cell phone radiation at levels similar to what phones emit can damage memory function in a sex-specific way.
Mugunthan N, Anbalagan J, Meenachi S, Samy AS. · 2014
Researchers exposed mice to cell phone radiation (900-1900 MHz) for 48 minutes daily over six months and examined their kidneys under a microscope. The study found significant structural damage to kidney tissue, including enlarged spaces in filtering units (glomeruli) and damaged tubules that process urine. This suggests that chronic exposure to cell phone-level radiation may harm kidney function at the cellular level.
Jovanovic D, Bragard G, Picard D, Chauvin S. · 2014
Researchers measured the radiation power from smartphones during voice calls, comparing traditional phone calls to internet-based calls (VoIP) like those made through apps. They found that VoIP calls emit about 3.4 times more radiation than traditional calls (0.75% versus 0.22% of maximum power), though both levels remained well below safety limits. This matters because millions of people now use VoIP apps for calling, potentially increasing their radiation exposure without realizing it.
Kang KA et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed neuronal brain cells to combined cell phone radiation (CDMA and WCDMA signals) for 2 hours to measure whether this caused oxidative stress, a type of cellular damage linked to various health problems. The study found no increase in reactive oxygen species (cellular damage markers) in any of the three types of brain cells tested, even when combined with known oxidative stress agents.
Ozorak A et al. · 2013
Turkish researchers exposed pregnant rats and their offspring to Wi-Fi (2.45 GHz) and mobile phone frequencies (900 and 1800 MHz) for one hour daily from pregnancy through 6 weeks of age. The exposed animals showed significant oxidative damage in kidneys and reproductive organs, with increased harmful byproducts and decreased protective antioxidants. This suggests that common wireless radiation may interfere with normal development and damage vital organs during critical growth periods.
