Cell Phone Radiation Research

Physiological and Psychological Stress of Microwave Radiation-Induced Cardiac Injury in Rats

Li et al. · 2023

Physiological and Psychological Stress of Microwave Radiation-Induced Cardiac Injury in Rats

Li et al. · 2023

Researchers exposed rats to S-band microwave radiation (30 mW/cm² for 35 minutes) to simulate occupational exposure conditions. The study found significant heart damage including disrupted muscle fibers, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress, plus psychological effects like anxiety and depression. This suggests that high-power microwave exposure can cause both physical heart damage and mental health impacts.

Evaluation of oxidative stress and genotoxicity of 900 MHz electromagnetic radiations using Trigonella foenum-graecum test system

Unknown authors · 2023

Evaluation of oxidative stress and genotoxicity of 900 MHz electromagnetic radiations using Trigonella foenum-graecum test system

Unknown authors · 2023

Researchers exposed fenugreek seeds to 900 MHz electromagnetic radiation (similar to cell phone frequencies) for varying durations up to 8 hours daily for a week. The study found that longer exposures significantly reduced seed germination, stunted plant growth, caused oxidative stress through lipid damage, and triggered DNA damage in plant cells.

Pilot Study of the Long-Term Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation Exposure on the Mouse Brain

Unknown authors · 2023

Researchers exposed mice continuously for 16 weeks to 2.45 GHz RF radiation from a household Wi-Fi router and a laboratory device, comparing them to a sham-exposed group. Mice underwent behavioral tests including open-field and Y-maze before and after exposure, and brains were examined for histopathology and DNA methylation. Exposure increased locomotor activity but did not produce significant structural or morphological brain changes. Global DNA methylation was lower in exposed mice than in sham mice.

Pilot Study of the Long-Term Effects of Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Radiation Exposure on the Mouse Brain

Unknown authors · 2023

Researchers exposed mice to WiFi radiation (2.45 GHz) for 16 weeks using both household routers and laboratory equipment to simulate real-world conditions. The exposed mice showed increased movement activity and reduced DNA methylation in their brains, but no visible structural brain damage. This suggests WiFi radiation may cause subtle biological changes even without obvious tissue damage.

Theta band brainwaves in human resting EEG modulated by mobile phone radiofrequency

Unknown authors · 2023

Twenty-one healthy volunteers were exposed to a GSM signal at 900 MHz with specific absorption rates of 0.49 W/kg (10 g tissue) and 0.70 W/kg (1 g tissue). Delta and beta rhythms of resting EEG were not affected by the exposure. Theta brainwaves were significantly modulated during exposure, and this modulation depended on whether eyes were closed or open.

Theta band brainwaves in human resting EEG modulated by mobile phone radiofrequency

Unknown authors · 2023

Researchers exposed 21 healthy volunteers to 900 MHz cell phone radiation and measured their brain waves using EEG. They found that theta brainwaves were significantly altered during exposure, with the effect depending on whether participants had their eyes open or closed. This is the first study to show that cell phone radiation can modify specific brain wave patterns in a way that depends on visual attention state.

Evaluation of DNA Methylation Profiles of LINE-1, Alu and Ribosomal DNA Repeats in Human Cell Lines Exposed to Radiofrequency Radiation

Unknown authors · 2023

Researchers analysed DNA methylation profiles of cervical cancer and neuroblastoma cell lines exposed to 900 MHz GSM-modulated radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Radiofrequency exposure did not affect the DNA methylation of Alu elements in any of the cell lines analysed. It influenced DNA methylation of LINE-1 and ribosomal repeats in terms of average profiles and organisation of methylated and unmethylated CpG sites, in different ways in each of the three cell lines studied.

Adverse effects of 900, 1800 and 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from mobile phones on bone and skeletal muscle

Unknown authors · 2023

Fifty-six rats weighing 200–250 g were divided into healthy and diabetic groups, each with sham and radiofrequency radiation exposure at 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz. Over a month, each group spent two hours per day in a Plexiglas carousel, with experimental groups exposed to radiofrequency radiation and sham groups not exposed. Researchers performed three-point bending tests and radiological evaluations on the right tibia bones and measured CAT, GSH, MDA, and IMA in skeletal muscle tissue. Significant differences were found in biomechanical properties, radiological evaluations, and muscle tissue measurements between groups (p < .05). Average whole-body SAR values were 0.026 W/kg for GSM 900 MHz, 0.164 W/kg for 1800 MHz, and 0.173 W/kg for 2100 MHz.

Protective role of hispolon and its derivatives against apoptosis in cortical neurons induced by electromagnetic radiation from 4G mobile phone

Saka VP, Chitra V, Narayanasamy D · 2023

Researchers exposed primary cortical neurons from neonatal rats to electromagnetic radiation from a mobile phone at 2100 MHz and 1.6 W/kg SAR for two hours. The study assessed the induction of apoptosis through modulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic genes via a mitochondrial pathway. Pyrazole derivatives reduced apoptosis by lowering reactive oxygen species and modulating apoptotic gene levels. The compounds showed antioxidative and anti-apoptotic properties.

Myocardial capacity of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in response to prolonged electromagnetic stress

Unknown authors · 2023

Exposure significantly increased cardiac protein expression of mitochondrial Complex I, II, III, and IV subunits, while Complex V expression remained stable. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity was modified in exposed mice. Oxidative stress markers and antioxidant enzyme SOD2 were unchanged, and no structural or functional heart abnormalities were found.

Analysis of global DNA methylation changes in human keratinocytes immediately following exposure to a 900 MHz radiofrequency field

Unknown authors · 2023

Human keratinocytes were exposed to 900 MHz RF-EMF for 1 hour at a low dose rate (SAR < 10 mW/kg) using a custom system that maintained 37°C, 5% CO2, and 95% humidity. Whole genome bisulfite sequencing was performed directly following exposure to examine immediate changes in DNA methylation patterns and identify early differentially methylated genes. Correlating gene expression with methylation data identified six common targets that were both differentially methylated and differentially expressed, suggesting a potential epigenetic role in the cellular response and that these targets may serve as biomarkers for immediate RF-EMF response.

Protective role of hispolon and its derivatives against apoptosis in cortical neurons induced by electromagnetic radiation from 4G mobile phone

Saka VP, Chitra V, Narayanasamy D · 2023

Researchers exposed newborn rat brain cells to 2100 MHz cell phone radiation for 2 hours and found it triggered cell death through oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. However, compounds called pyrazole derivatives protected the brain cells by reducing harmful reactive oxygen species and preventing programmed cell death.

Myocardial capacity of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in response to prolonged electromagnetic stress

Savchenko L et al. · 2023

Researchers exposed mice to 915 MHz electromagnetic fields (similar to cell phone frequencies) for 28 days and examined heart muscle effects. They found changes in cellular energy production systems within heart mitochondria, but no structural heart damage or oxidative stress markers. The study suggests EMF exposure can alter how heart cells generate energy, though the health implications remain unclear.

Pre and postnatal exposure to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields induce inflammation and oxidative stress, and alter renin- angiotensin system components differently in male and female offsprings

Kilic A, Ustunova S, Bulut H, Meral I · 2023

Researchers exposed male and female Wistar albino offspring to 900 MHz EMF for one hour per day during prenatal (23 days) and/or postnatal (40 days) periods and collected brain and kidney tissues at puberty. In all exposed groups, total oxidant status, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α rose while total antioxidant status fell in both sexes' brain and kidney tissues. Renin-angiotensin system components including angiotensinogen, renin, AT1, AT2, and MAS1-like receptor expression were also elevated in all exposed groups compared with controls.

Pre and postnatal exposure to 900 MHz electromagnetic fields induce inflammation and oxidative stress, and alter renin-angiotensin system components differently in male and female offsprings

Kilic A, Ustunova S, Bulut H, Meral I · 2023

Turkish researchers exposed pregnant rats and their offspring to 900 MHz cell phone radiation (the frequency used by GSM networks) for one hour daily. They found significant increases in inflammation, oxidative stress, and activation of the renin-angiotensin system in both brain and kidney tissues of the young rats. The effects occurred whether exposure happened during pregnancy, after birth, or both periods.

Effects of Exposure to Radiofrequency at 2.45 GHz on Structural Changes Associated with Lipid Peroxidation in Prepubertal Rat Testicular Tissue

Unknown authors · 2023

The study used prepubertal male rats exposed to 2.45 GHz RF radiation at varying electric field intensities. The exposure groups included electric field strengths of 0.6, 1.9, 5, 10, and 15 V/m, with daily 1-hour exposures for 45 days. Exposed rats showed elevated malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels in testicular tissue. Histological analysis revealed distinct alterations in testicular tissue compared to controls.

Dasdag S, Mehmet Zulkuf Akdag, Hakan Er, Veysi Akpolat & Engin Deveci Interstitial space between cells in the left and right lobes of rat brains exposed to 900, 1800 and 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation

Unknown authors · 2023

Researchers exposed 28 Wistar Albino rats to 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation for 3 hours per day over one month. The greatest effect was seen at 1800 MHz in the right lobe and at 2100 MHz in the left lobe.

Effects of Exposure to Radiofrequency at 2.45 GHz on Structural Changes Associated with Lipid Peroxidation in Prepubertal Rat Testicular Tissue

Unknown authors · 2023

Researchers exposed young rats to 2.45 GHz radiation (WiFi frequency) at different intensities for 45 days to study effects on developing reproductive tissue. The study found that stronger radiation caused increased oxidative damage and structural changes in testicular tissue, with the highest exposure level (15 V/m) producing significant harmful effects.

Protective effect of paricalcitol in rat testicular damage induced by subchronic 1800 MHz radiofrequency radiation

Unknown authors · 2023

Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control, RFR exposure, paricalcitol treatment, and combined RFR plus paricalcitol. No significant differences were found in seminiferous tubule diameters or germinal epithelial thicknesses among groups. Ultrastructural changes observed in the seminiferous tubule and Leydig cells in the RFR group were decreased in the RFR plus paricalcitol group. The RFR plus paricalcitol group showed increased Johnsen Score, Ki67, p63 immunoreactivity, SOD and CAT activities, and decreased MDA levels compared with the RFR group.

Indirect effects of interference of two emerging environmental contaminants on cell health: Radiofrequency radiation and gold nanoparticles

Unknown authors · 2023

Researchers exposed Chinese hamster ovary cells to a non-toxic dose of 15-nm gold nanoparticles for 48 hours and then to 900 MHz GSM radiofrequency radiation for 24 hours. The conditioned medium from these cells was transferred to new bystander cells, and cell death, DNA breaks, oxidative stress, and COX-2 expression were measured. RFR increased metabolic death in GNP-treated cells, while colony formation was reduced in bystander cells and RFR-exposed cells regardless of GNP presence. ROS levels were significantly lower in GNP-treated cells, but RFR-induced DNA breaks and micronuclei frequencies were not significantly affected by GNP.

Indirect effects of interference of two emerging environmental contaminants on cell health: Radiofrequency radiation and gold nanoparticles

Unknown authors · 2023

Researchers exposed Chinese hamster cells to 900 MHz cell phone radiation in the presence of gold nanoparticles, then transferred the culture medium to unexposed 'bystander' cells. They found that radiation created harmful effects in both directly exposed cells and bystander cells, with gold nanoparticles changing how these effects occurred.

Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation on Neuropeptide Transcript Levels in the Synganglion of Ixodes ricinus

Unknown authors · 2023

Protective effect of paricalcitol in rat testicular damage induced by subchronic 1800 MHz radiofrequency radiation

Unknown authors · 2023

Researchers exposed male rats to 1800 MHz radiofrequency radiation (cell phone frequency) for one hour daily over 30 days, finding it caused testicular damage including cellular changes and increased oxidative stress. When rats received paricalcitol (a vitamin D compound) alongside radiation exposure, the testicular damage was significantly reduced. This suggests certain compounds might help protect reproductive organs from cell phone radiation effects.