IMPORTANCE OF CURRENT FORM AND FREQUENCY IN ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF MUSCLES - Studies in Retardation of Muscle Atrophy in the Dog
A. J. KOSMAN, S. L. OSBORNE, A. C. IVY · 1948
Research on EMF from kitchen appliances - microwave ovens, refrigerators, and other appliances.
Your kitchen represents one of the most electromagnetically active spaces in your home, housing multiple appliances that generate significant EMF emissions during daily use. From the microwave oven that can produce magnetic fields exceeding 1,000 milligauss at close range to refrigerators that cycle on and off throughout the day, these essential appliances create a complex EMF environment where you spend considerable time preparing meals, eating, and socializing.
A. J. KOSMAN, S. L. OSBORNE, A. C. IVY · 1948
Horvath SM, Miller RN, Hutt BK · 1948
This 1948 study by Horvath examined how microwave radiation heats human tissues, investigating temperature gradients and thermal effects in the body. The research explored microwave diathermy applications and measured tissue temperature changes during exposure. This represents some of the earliest scientific investigation into how microwave energy interacts with human biology.
Willis Jackson · 1946
T. M. Caffaratto · 1946
Kenneth S. Cole, Robert H. Cole · 1941
This 1941 technical study by K.S. Cole examined how dielectric materials (insulators like those in electronic devices) respond to alternating current electrical fields. The research explored fundamental properties like dielectric constants and relaxation times that determine how materials absorb and scatter electromagnetic energy.
Paul Groag, Victor Tomberg · 1933
Dr. W. Haase, Dr. E. Schliephake · 1931
Unknown authors
The study used an in vitro model of aged mouse NIH/3T3 fibroblasts exposed to a 5 mT, 50 Hz magnetic field and treated with metformin at four concentrations. Cell viability was measured with a trypan blue exclusion assay and proliferation with a BrdU incorporation assay. Metformin suppressed proliferation and viability in a dose-dependent manner, reduced NF-kB and MMP2/9 expression, increased CDH1 expression, and inhibited NF-kB activity.
Stern
During each session, alternating 15-minute control and exposure periods presented 2450 MHz continuous wave microwaves at power densities of 5, 10, and 20 mW/cm². The proportion of time the heat lamp stayed on decreased as microwave power density increased, and a linear regression showed an intercept of 0.324, slope of -0.0063 (p<0.001), with power density accounting for 61% of the variation. Randomization tests confirmed significant differences at all power densities versus zero exposure (p<0.003), except at 5 mW/cm² versus all zero exposures (p=0.023) and versus adjacent 10 mW/cm² (p=0.021).
Michael H. Repacholi
Unknown authors
Handling alone lowered pregnancy rate from 86 percent to 72 percent during days 1-6, with further drops to 65 percent at 21 mW/cm2 and 50 percent at 30 mW/cm2, while heated controls showed no extra decrease. Congenital malformations increased significantly only at 30 mW/cm2 during days 6-15, rising from 1.7 percent to 3.1 percent, with two-thirds being cleft palate.
A. DEFICIS, J.C. DUMAS, S. LAURENS
Unknown authors
Stephen F. Cleary, William T. Ham, Jr.
Unknown authors
Unknown authors
Unknown authors
Stephen F. Cleary, William T. Ham, Jr.
This technical report by SF Cleary examined the biological effects of microwave radiation exposure, focusing on considerations for proper evaluation methods. The research addressed how to assess health impacts from microwave sources including radar systems. This type of foundational work helped establish frameworks for understanding microwave radiation's effects on living systems.
Claire Van Ummersen
Jacques ERRERA
Hubert Fischer, Horst Müller
James D. Fahnestock, Ralph W. Logan
C. H. Weil
Unknown authors
E.V. Prokhvatilo