Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to 1,800-MHz electromagnetic fields (similar to cell phone frequencies) for up to 24 hours daily during pregnancy. When the offspring reached puberty, their livers showed significant damage including cellular degeneration, oxidative stress, and enzyme abnormalities. This suggests that EMF exposure during pregnancy can cause lasting liver damage that persists into adolescence.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to 1,800-MHz electromagnetic fields (cell phone frequency) for different durations daily throughout pregnancy. When the offspring reached 60 days old, their livers showed significant damage including increased oxidative stress, reduced antioxidants, elevated liver enzymes, and cellular degeneration. This study demonstrates that EMF exposure during pregnancy can cause lasting liver damage that persists into the offspring's adult life.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed Saccharomyces cerevisiae to a sinusoidal magnetic field (2.45 mT, 50 Hz, continuous) and a pulsed magnetic field (1.5 mT, 25 Hz, 8 h/day). Chronological aging was evaluated during 40 days. Survival was assayed by clonogenic assay and drop test, and cellular stability was studied by spontaneous mutation count and the index of respiratory competence. Pulsed magnetic field exposure accelerated chronological aging and decreased the spontaneous frequency of mitochondrial mutation, but did not alter the index of respiratory competence for either field type.
Nielsen et al · 2019
Unknown authors · 2019
The study evaluated genotoxic effects of 123.90 kHz and 250.80 kHz intermediate frequency magnetic fields on canine and human blood. Blood samples were exposed at 630 A/m (0.79 mT) and 80 A/m (0.10 mT) for durations of 1-5 hours, 20 hours, and 24 hours. The alkaline comet assay was used to assess genotoxicity. A statistically significant increase in DNA damage was detected only after 20 hours of exposure.
The effect of Wi-Fi electromagnetic waves on neuronal response properties in rat barrel cortexSistani S et al. · 2019
Researchers exposed 29 male Wistar rats to Wi-Fi radiation for 1 hour and recorded neuronal responses in the barrel cortex. Wi-Fi radiation decreased the condition test ratio for ON responses. Spontaneous activity and ON and OFF responses were not significantly changed. The researchers concluded that Wi-Fi radiation could modulate integrative responses to natural stimuli in barrel cortex.
Ozdemir E, Demirkazik A, Taskıran AS, Arslan G. · 2019
Researchers exposed 66 adult male Wistar albino rats to alternating 50 Hz and 5 mT EMF for 2 hours a day for 15 days, then injected serotonin receptor agonists or antagonists before analgesia tests. Administration of serotonin HCl to MF-exposed rats produced a significant increase in percent maximal possible effect compared with the EMF group. Injection of WAY 100635 to MF-exposed rats produced a significant decrease in analgesic activity, while DOI hydrochloride significantly increased % MPE values compared with the EMF group. The researchers suggested that serotonin 5-HT1 and 5-HT2 receptors play an important role in EMF-induced analgesia, but noted that further research studies are necessary to understand the mechanism.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed type 2 diabetic rats to 900 MHz electromagnetic radiation from a GSM antenna for 24 hours per day over 28 days. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups of twelve: control rats, normal rats exposed to radiation, diabetic rats, and diabetic rats exposed to radiation. Radiation exposure nonsignificantly reduced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia in diabetic rats compared to unexposed diabetic rats. Radiation exposure increased hepatic malondialdehyde and Nrf-2 levels and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities but decreased phosphorylated Akt-2 in diabetic rats.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers exposed mice to pulsed LTE 1846 MHz downlink signals from gestation day 13.5 to postnatal day 21 at SARs of 0.5 or 1 W/kg. Behavioral tracking measured locomotor, drinking, and feeding behavior in the home cage from 12 to 28 weeks of age. Exposure at 0.5 W/kg significantly decreased drinking frequency and distance moved compared to sham controls. Exposure at 1 W/kg significantly increased drinking frequency and moving duration compared to sham controls.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers divided 24 male Wistar albino rats into four groups and exposed one group to 2100 MHz radiation for 30 minutes over a 90-day experiment. Subcutaneous melatonin was injected into a third group and given 40 minutes before radiation to a fourth group. Radiation caused neuronal edema, fewer neurons in hippocampal CA1 and CA3, Purkinje neuron displacement, and dark neurons. Radiation activated the NMDA-receptor 2B/Calpain-1/Caspase-12 pathway, and melatonin did not demonstrate protective effects.
Tsoy A et al. · 2019
Shepherd S et al · 2018
Researchers tested how acute exposure to 50 Hz ELF EMFs at levels ranging from 20–100 µT, found at ground level below powerline conductors, to 1000–7000 µT, found within 1 m of the conductors, affects honey bee olfactory learning, flight, foraging activity and feeding. Exposure reduced learning, altered flight dynamics, and reduced the success of foraging flights towards food sources.
Shepherd S et al · 2018
Researchers exposed honey bees to 50 Hz electromagnetic fields from power lines at various intensities, from ground-level exposure (20-100 µT) to close-proximity levels (1000-7000 µT). The bees showed impaired learning abilities, altered flight patterns, reduced foraging success, and feeding difficulties. This suggests power line EMFs may significantly stress honey bee populations and potentially impact their crucial pollination activities.
Unknown authors · 2018
Researchers exposed 5xFAD mice to 1950 MHz RF-EMF at a specific absorption rate of 5.0 W/kg for 2 h/day and 5 days/week for 8 months. Behavioral changes were assessed using an open field test and an object recognition memory task after exposure ended. RF exposure rescued hyperactivity-like and anxiolytic behaviors in the open field test and improved cognitive deficits in the object recognition memory test. Glucose metabolism in the hippocampus and amygdala was significantly increased in RF-exposed mice compared to sham-exposed mice.
Unknown authors · 2018
They measured reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in kidney tissue and used caspase-3 immunohistochemistry to assess apoptosis. Deterioration was observed in the brush border in renal tubules of the EMF groups. The immunohistochemical analysis revealed a greater number of positively stained renal tubular epithelial cells in the EMF groups compared with the control group. In the EMF groups renal MDA levels increased and renal GSH levels decreased compared with the control group (p = 0.00 for both).
Juutilainen J et al et al. · 2018
Extremely low-frequency magnetic fields have been classified as possibly carcinogenic based on epidemiological findings suggesting a link between childhood leukaemia and 50–60 Hz magnetic fields from power lines. Animal and in vitro experiments have provided only limited support for carcinogenic effects of ELF magnetic fields. The review discusses the radical pair mechanism as a possible biophysical mechanism and proposes a hypothesis for the link between ELF fields and childhood leukaemia.
Juutilainen J et al et al. · 2018
Scientists reviewed how extremely low-frequency (ELF) magnetic fields from power lines might cause childhood leukemia through a biological mechanism called the radical pair mechanism. This mechanism, which helps birds navigate using Earth's magnetic field, could potentially explain how weak magnetic fields influence cancer-related processes in humans. The research proposes that cryptochromes (light-sensitive proteins) might be the key molecules linking magnetic field exposure to cancer development.
Pandey N, Giri S. · 2018
Researchers exposed Swiss albino mice to RFR for 3 hours twice daily for 35 days and gave some mice melatonin at 5 mg/kg body weight per day. RFR-exposed mice showed extensive DNA damage, arrest in pre-meiotic spermatogenesis, low sperm count, and sperm head abnormalities. Biochemical assays revealed excess free radical generation and histological changes in testis and germ cells. Melatonin supplementation diminished or abolished these effects.
Unknown authors · 2018
Unknown authors · 2018
Single or repetitive exposure to a 6 mT, 60 Hz uniform electromagnetic field did not induce DNA damage or affect cell viability in HeLa and primary IMR-90 fibroblasts. Continuous exposure promoted cell proliferation, with cell viability increasing 24.4% for HeLa and 15.2% for IMR-90 cells after 168 hours of total exposure. The proliferative effect was reversible, as cell proliferation slowed to unexposed levels when the field was removed. Intracellular reactive oxygen species levels decreased and phosphorylation of Akt and Erk1/2 increased, suggesting reduced ROS plays a role in the increased proliferation.
Houston BJ, Nixon B, King BV, Aitken RJ, De Iuliis GN. · 2018
Researchers exposed cultured mouse spermatogonial GC1 and spermatocyte GC2 cell lines, as well as cauda epididymal spermatozoa, to continuous wave RF-EMR at 1.8 GHz at 0.15 and 1.5 W/kg. A 4-hour exposure increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in GC1 cells (7 vs. 18%; p < 0.001) and GC2 cells (11.5 vs. 16%; p < 0.01), with Complex III of the electron transport chain identified as the potential source. Exposure at 0.15 W/kg for 3 hours induced significant DNA fragmentation in spermatozoa (p < 0.05), though this was no longer significant after 4 hours. After 4 hours of exposure, spermatozoa showed significant oxidative DNA damage in the form of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (p < 0.05) and a decline in sperm motility (p < 0.05).
Hardell L et al · 2018
Researchers measured RF radiation levels in an apartment close to two groups of mobile phone base stations on the roof. A total of 74,531 measurements were made corresponding to ~83 h of recording. The total mean RF radiation level was 3,811 µW/m2 with a range of 15.2 to 112,318 µW/m2 for the whole apartment including balconies. Particularly high levels were measured on three balconies and three of the four bedrooms. The mean RF radiation level decreased by 98% when down-links from the base stations for 2, 3 and 4 G were disregarded.
Akbarnejad Z et al. · 2018
Researchers injected amyloid-β 1-42 into the lateral ventricle of rats to establish an Alzheimer's disease model, then exposed some groups to a 50 Hz, 10 mT extremely low frequency magnetic field for 14 consecutive days. AD rats showed significant impairment in learning and memory compared to control rats, and spatial memory was assessed using the Morris water maze. The researchers found that the magnetic field improved learning and memory impairments and suggested it also disrupted the processes of AD rat model formation.
Unknown authors · 2018
Researchers exposed S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and P. aeruginosa to 900 and 1800 MHz electromagnetic fields for 2 hours and then measured growth rate and antibiotic susceptibility. DNA analysis showed no difference between exposed and non-exposed S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Exposure to 900 MHz significantly reduced growth of P. aeruginosa, while 1800 MHz had no significant effect. S. aureus and S. epidermidis growth was mostly unaffected except for S. aureus at 900 MHz after 12 hours. Antibiotic susceptibility was unchanged by electromagnetic fields except for S. aureus treated with amoxicillin.
Bahreyni Toossi MH et al. · 2018
Pregnant Balb/C mice were exposed to mobile phone radiation (900–1800 MHz) for 2 hours per day over 20 days during pregnancy. Researchers measured malondialdehyde, total thiol groups, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in heart, liver, kidney, cerebellum, and hippocampus tissues of dams and offspring. MDA levels were significantly increased while TTG, SOD, and CAT were significantly decreased in the tissues of both dams and offspring.
