Brescia F et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed human immune cells to 1950 MHz cell phone radiation (the frequency used by 3G networks) to see if it would trigger oxidative stress, a cellular damage process linked to aging and disease. They tested various exposure durations and power levels, both alone and combined with iron compounds known to cause oxidative stress. The study found no increase in harmful reactive oxygen species or cell death from the radiation exposure under any conditions tested.
Zareen N, Khan MY, Ali Minhas L · 2009
Embryos exposed for 10 post-incubation days showed decreased retinal growth and mild epithelial pigmentation. Extending exposure to 15 post-incubation days reversed growth retardation to enhancement and shifted pigmentation from mild to intense. The authors concluded that mobile phone EMF causes derangement of chicken embryo retinal differentiation. Retinal thickness and epithelial pigmentation grades were statistically compared between control and experimental groups.
Cao Y, Zhang W, Lu MX, Xu Q, Meng QQ, Nie JH, Tong J. · 2009
In this study, exposure to 900-MHz EMF expanded γ-ray damage to SHG44 cells. Preexposure EMF enhanced the decrease in cell proliferation induced by γ-ray irradiation and the rate of apoptosis. The combination of EMF and γ-ray exposure resulted in a synergistic effect by triggering stress response, which increased reactive oxygen species, but the expression of hsp70 at both mRNA and protein levels remained unaltered.
de Tommaso M et al. · 2009
Researchers tested how 900 MHz cell phone signals affect brain electrical activity by measuring a specific brainwave pattern called contingent negative variation (CNV) in 10 volunteers. They found that both active phones and sham phones (with internal circuits running but no RF emission) reduced brain arousal and expectation responses compared to phones that were completely off. The study suggests that both the GSM radio signal and the low-frequency magnetic fields from the phone's battery and circuits can alter normal brain function.
Garaj-Vrhovac V, Gajski G, Trosić I, Pavicić I · 2009
The animals were irradiated for 1h a day for 2 weeks at a field power density of 2.4W/m(2) and a whole-body average specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.6W/kg. Both the standard comet assay and the Fpg-modified comet assay detected increased DNA damage in blood leukocytes of the exposed rats. The significant increase in Fpg-detected DNA damage suggests oxidative stress is likely responsible, while DNA damage detected by the standard comet assay indicates other mechanisms may also be involved.
de Tommaso M et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed 10 healthy volunteers to 900 MHz GSM cell phone signals and measured brain electrical activity using event-related potentials. Both active phones and sham phones (with electromagnetic power dissipated internally) reduced brain arousal responses compared to phones that were completely off. This suggests cell phone exposure affects brain electrical activity and attention processing.
Zhijian C et al. · 2009
Researchers used the in vitro comet assay to determine whether 1.8-GHz radiofrequency radiation can influence DNA repair in human leukocytes exposed to X-rays. Leukocytes from four young healthy donors were intermittently exposed to RFR at a SAR of 2 W/kg for 24 hours with fields on for 5 minutes and off for 10 minutes, then irradiated with X-rays at doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 Gy. DNA damage was measured at 0, 15, 45, 90, 150 and 240 minutes after X-rays using percent tail DNA, and repair speed was assessed via DNA repair percentage. The results showed individual differences in DNA repair speeds among the four donors. Intermittent RFR exposure did not directly induce DNA damage or show synergistic effects with X-rays.
Ziemann C et al. · 2009
Researchers exposed male and female B6C3F1 mice to GSM 902 MHz and DCS 1747 MHz signals for two years. The exposure regimen was 2 hours per day, 5 days per week, at whole-body averaged SARs of 0.4, 1.3, and 4.0 W/kg. Micronuclei were counted in peripheral blood erythrocytes stained with May-Grunwald-Giemsa or acridine orange. No significant differences in micronuclei frequency were observed between RF-exposed, sham-exposed, and cage control mice. Positive control mice injected with mitomycin C had significantly increased micronuclei, and the authors concluded that the data did not indicate RF-induced genotoxicity after two years.
Moisescu MG, Leveque P, Verjus MA, Kovacs E, Mir LM. · 2009
The exposure increased Lucifer Yellow uptake, and this increase was not due to heating. Chlorpromazine and ethanol blocked the increase while Filipin did not, indicating involvement of clathrin-coated vesicles.
Acar GO, Yener HM, Savrun FK, Kalkan T, Bayrak I, Enver O. · 2009
Tissue temperature around the facial nerve was measured with a four-channel Luxtron fiber optic system and rose by 0.39 K during and immediately after exposure, returning to baseline after 25 minutes. Facial nerve compound muscle action potential amplitudes decreased significantly after exposure but returned to normal at the 25-minute measurement.
Amoako JK, Fletcher JJ, Darko EO. · 2009
Researchers surveyed radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation at public access points near cellular phone base stations operated by the Ghana Telecommunications Company. Measurements were made using a hand-held spectrum analyser to determine electric field levels within the 900 and 1800 MHz frequency bands. Power densities at public access points ranged from 0.01 to 10 microW m(-2) at 900 MHz, and from 0.01 to 100 microW m(-2) at 1800 MHz. The results were within international guidance levels but were 20 times higher than results generally obtained for such a practice elsewhere.
Trosić I, Pavicić I. · 2009
The study aimed to determine the influence of mobile phone frequency radiation on proliferation, cytoskeleton structure, and mitotic index of V79 cells after 1, 2, and 3 hours of exposure. V79 cells were exposed to continuous-wave 935 MHz radiation at an electric field strength of (8.2+/-0.3) V m(-1) and a specific absorption rate of 0.12 W kg(-1). Cell proliferation declined in cells exposed for three hours when measured 72 hours after irradiation. Microtubule structure was clearly altered immediately after three hours of irradiation. The mitotic index in exposed cells did not differ from negative controls.
Kwon MS et al. · 2009
Researchers recorded mismatch negativity responses to duration, intensity, frequency, and gap changes in 17 healthy young adults while a GSM phone was placed on either ear with the field on or off. The mismatch negativity was elicited by all deviant types, but its amplitude and latency showed no significant differences due to EMF exposure for any deviant type. The authors concluded there was no conclusive evidence that acute GSM mobile phone EMF exposure affects cortical auditory change detection processing reflected by the mismatch negativity.
Kwon MS et al. · 2009
Researchers tested whether cell phone radiation affects the brain's ability to automatically detect changes in sounds by measuring brain waves in 17 healthy adults while a GSM phone was placed next to their ear. They found no differences in brain responses whether the phone was on or off, suggesting that acute exposure to cell phone radiation doesn't impair this basic auditory processing function. This study adds to research examining how electromagnetic fields might affect brain function during everyday phone use.
Finnie JW, Chidlow G, Blumbergs PC, Manavis J, Cai Z.. · 2009
Researchers exposed pregnant mice to cell phone radiation (900 MHz) for one hour daily throughout pregnancy to see if it caused stress in developing fetal brains. They measured heat shock proteins, which are biological markers that cells produce when under stress. The study found no evidence that the radiation caused stress responses in the fetal brain tissue, suggesting no detectable harm at the exposure levels tested.
Finnie JW, Blumbergs PC, Cai Z, Manavis J · 2009
Researchers exposed mice to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields at a specific absorption rate of 4 W/kg for 60 minutes or for 5 days per week over 104 weeks. Control mice were sham-exposed or freely moving to account for restraint stress, and a positive control group received a clostridial toxin that upregulates aquaporin-4. No immunohistochemically detectable up-regulation of aquaporin-4 was observed in exposed mouse brains after either short or long exposure durations.
Finnie JW, Blumbergs PC, Cai Z, Manavis J. · 2009
Researchers exposed mice to cell phone radiation (900 MHz) for either one hour or repeatedly over two years to see if it would damage the blood-brain barrier - the protective shield that keeps toxins out of the brain. They looked for increased levels of aquaporin-4, a protein that indicates barrier damage. The study found no changes in this protein after either short-term or long-term exposure, suggesting the blood-brain barrier remained intact.
Budak GG et al. · 2009
Researchers studied 18 pregnant and 18 non-pregnant New Zealand White rabbits, randomly divided into four groups. Nine pregnant and nine non-pregnant rabbits were exposed to 1800 MHz GSM-like RFR for 15 minutes daily over 7 days, while the remaining rabbits were not exposed. Cochlear function was measured using distortion product otoacoustic emissions at frequencies from 1.0 to 8.0 kHz. In pregnant rabbits, DPOAE amplitudes did not differ between exposed and unexposed groups except at 2.0 kHz. In non-pregnant rabbits, exposed animals showed lower DPOAE amplitudes at 1.0 to 4.0 kHz compared to unexposed animals.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers exposed 18 male and 18 female rats to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 1000 microT, 100 microT, and 0 microT, and another 18 male and 18 female rats to 1.8 GHz fields at 50 V/m, 25 V/m, and 0 V/m. They measured glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol. Different effects on circadian rhythms were observed, with changes in those haematochemical parameters (P < 0.05).
Unknown authors · 2009
Italian researchers exposed rats to both 50 Hz magnetic fields (like power lines) and 1.8 GHz electromagnetic fields (like cell phones) at various intensities. They found that both types of EMF exposure disrupted the natural daily rhythms of blood chemistry markers including glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol. This suggests EMF exposure interferes with fundamental biological timing systems that regulate metabolism.
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers exposed rats to different electromagnetic fields - 50 Hz magnetic fields at power line frequencies and 1.8 GHz radiofrequency fields similar to cell phones. They found that both types of EMF exposure disrupted the natural daily rhythms of blood chemistry markers like glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol. This suggests EMF exposure interferes with fundamental biological timing systems.
Unknown authors · 2009
Italian researchers exposed rats to both 50 Hz power line magnetic fields (at household appliance levels) and 1.8 GHz cell phone radiation, then measured blood chemistry markers like glucose and cholesterol throughout 24-hour cycles. Both types of EMF disrupted the animals' natural daily rhythms of these important metabolic markers. This suggests EMF exposure may interfere with fundamental biological timing systems that regulate metabolism.
Hansteen IL et al. · 2009
The aim was to test if exposure used in mobile phones and wireless network technologies would induce DNA damage in cultured human lymphocytes with and without a known clastogen. Lymphocytes from six donors were exposed to 2.3 GHz, 10 W/m(2) continuous waves, or 2.3 GHz, 10 W/m(2) pulsed waves (200 Hz pulse frequency, 50% duty cycle). Mitomycin C was added to half of the cultures. No statistically significant differences were observed between control and exposed cultures. A weak trend for more chromosomal damage with the interaction of pulsed fields with mitomycin C compared to a constant field was observed.
Budak GG, Muluk NB, Budak B, Oztürk GG, Apan A, Seyhan N. · 2009
Cao Y, Xu Q, Lu MX, Jin ZD, DU HB, Li JX, Nie JH, Tong J. · 2009
Researchers treated male Kunning mice with low-dose microwave radiation before exposing them to gamma-ray irradiation, then measured survival, blood parameters, and markers of bone marrow activity. Mice pre-exposed to 120 microW/cm² 900 MHz microwave had a higher 30-day survival rate and more white blood cells compared with gamma-ray-treated mice that did not receive microwave pre-exposure. The microwave pre-exposure group also showed increases in thymus and spleen organ indexes, bone marrow cell proliferation activity, CFU-GM hematopoietic foci numbers, and serum concentrations of GM-CSF and IL-3. The researchers suggested that low-dose microwave radiation may exert potential antagonistic effects on hematopoietic injuries induced by ionizing radiation.
