Varghese R, Majumdar A, Kumar G, Shukla A. · 2017
Researchers exposed female Sprague Dawley rats to 2.45GHz radiation for 4 hours per day for 45 days and assessed behavioral and oxidative stress parameters. Exposed rats exhibited memory decline and anxiety behavior in the Morris water maze, elevated plus maze, and light-dark box tests. Radiation exposure decreased brain antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione, increased lipid peroxidation, and increased the apoptotic marker caspase 3, while histopathological examination and TNF-α levels showed no significant changes.
Taheri M et al. · 2017
Researchers assessed whether 900 MHz GSM mobile phone radiation and 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi router radiation alter the susceptibility of microorganisms to different antibiotics. The study found that exposure to Wi-Fi and RF simulator radiation can significantly alter inhibition zone diameters and growth rates for Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli. Pure cultures of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli were exposed to RF-EMFs from a GSM 900 MHz mobile phone simulator and a 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi router.
AbstractThe present work investigated the effects of prenatal exposure to radiofrequency waves of conventional WiFi devices on postnatal development and behavior of rat offspring et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to WiFi radiation (2.45 GHz) for 2 hours daily throughout pregnancy and then tracked their offspring's development. The study found that prenatal WiFi exposure delayed normal brain development during the first 17 days after birth and caused oxidative stress in young rat brains. This suggests that WiFi exposure during pregnancy may harm developing nervous systems.
Othman H et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to a 2.45 GHz WiFi signal for two hours daily throughout gestation. Offspring were assessed for physical and neurodevelopment during the first 17 postnatal days, anxiety at 28 days, motor behavior at 40-43 days, and cerebral oxidative stress and cholinesterase activity at 28 and 43 days. Prenatal WiFi exposure impaired early neurodevelopment but did not alter emotional or motor behavior in adulthood. It also increased oxidative stress markers and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities at 28 days but not at 43 days, and affected acetylcholinesterase activity in brain and serum.
Halgamuge MN. · 2017
The analysis found that 89.9% of studies reported physiological or morphological effects from mobile phone RF-EMF (p < 0.001). Maize, roselle, pea, fenugreek, duckweeds, tomato, onions, and mungbean appeared especially sensitive to RF-EMF.
Othman H, Ammari M, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H · 2017
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to 2.45GHz WiFi signals (the same frequency used by most home routers) for 2 hours daily throughout pregnancy, then tested their offspring for developmental and behavioral changes. They found that prenatal WiFi exposure altered physical development and caused anxiety, motor problems, and learning difficulties in the young rats, with effects being more severe when combined with maternal stress. The study also revealed oxidative stress (cellular damage) in the brains of exposed offspring.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28288806 -- Hassanshahi A et al. · 2017
This study examined the effects of 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi electromagnetic exposure on cognitive function in male rats, specifically testing their ability to recognize objects through vision, touch, and combined sensory modalities. Rats exposed to Wi-Fi radiation for 30 days (12 hours daily) showed impaired discrimination between novel and familiar objects across all recognition tasks tested, and demonstrated increased M1 receptor expression in the hippocampus.
Hassanshahi A et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed 80 male Wistar rats to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation for 30 days at 12 hours per day. Exposed rats could not discriminate between novel and familiar objects in standard, tactile, visual, and cross-modal object recognition tests. M1 receptor expression increased after Wi-Fi exposure. The researchers concluded that chronic Wi-Fi exposure might impair both unimodal and cross-modal information encoding.
Abstract Wireless internet (Wi-Fi) electromagnetic waves (2.45 GHz) have widespread usage almost everywhere et al. · 2017
Shirai T et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed pregnant rats and their offspring to eight radiofrequency signals ranging from 800 MHz to 5.2 GHz. The exposure lasted 20 h per day from gestational day 7 through weaning and continued for offspring up to 6 weeks of age. No abnormal findings were observed in the dams, F1 offspring, or F2 offspring across all evaluated parameters. The study concluded that simultaneous whole-body exposure to these frequencies did not show adverse effects on pregnancy or development.
Qureshi ST, Memon SA, Abassi AR, Sial MA, Bughio FA. · 2017
Researchers exposed dry chickpea seeds to GSM cell phone radiation at 900 MHz and laptop radiation at 3.31 GHz for 24 and 48 hours. Untreated seeds served as a negative control and gamma rays at 250 Gray served as a positive control. All radiofrequency treatments inhibited seed germination, with the 48-hour laptop exposure showing the strongest negative effect. Mitotic index decreased and abnormality index increased as exposure duration and frequency increased. Cell membrane damage, nuclear membrane damage, and ghost cells were observed only after 48 hours of exposure.
Ibitayo AO et al. · 2017
Researchers divided young male rats into four groups, with three groups exposed to 2.5 Ghz radiation for 30, 45, or 60 consecutive days. DNA damage was detected using agarose gel electrophoresis, and histomorphometry showed perivascular congestion and tissue damage.
A method of simulating thermal mapping of positioning laptop on laps of an adult man was developed et al. · 2017
Conclusion The study was an attempt to draw attention towards the adverse effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiations (NI-EMR) in the frequency that is used widely in the field of telecommunication et al. · 2017
The study used computer simulations to investigate laptop thermal effects from electromagnetic fields and thermal sources simultaneously. Simulations provided steady-state temperature, SAR distribution, and heat flux beneath the laptop. The laptop in high performance mode generated a peak heat flux of 420 W/m², and combined with 1 W antenna radiation increased lap skin, scrotum, and testis temperatures by 5.6, 2.1, and 1.4 °C respectively. The antenna radiation alone produced peak SAR values of 0.37×10⁻³ W/kg at 2.4 GHz and 0.13×10⁻¹ W/kg at 5 GHz, considered negligible relative to safety standards.
Lewis RC et al. · 2017
Researchers numerically compared dosimetric results among adult, child, and infant models for an EAS system operating at 125 kHz and 13.56 MHz. Postures insignificantly influenced dosimetric results when the cross-sectional area under exposure was similar. Although safety limits were unlikely to be exceeded, infants had higher SAR values for brain and central nervous system tissues than adults, by 1.5 times at 125 kHz and 112 times at 13.56 MHz. The infant's specific anatomy, such as a non-proportionally large head and high fat content, did not induce higher SAR values. The numerical models developed, including stroller and postured infant models, could be freely used for nonprofit academic research.
Open access paper: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5585657/ -- Yorgancilar E et al. · 2017
Sixteen Wistar albino rats were divided into sham and exposure groups. The exposure group received 2.4 GHz RFR from a Wi-Fi generator for 24 h/day for one year at a distance of 50 cm. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions were measured at baseline, at 6 months, and at 12 months. At 6000 Hz, DPOAE values in the exposure group were lower than in the sham group and also lower at 12 months than at baseline and 6 months, while at 2000 Hz DPOAE values at 6 and 12 months were higher than baseline.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13102818.2017.1373033 -- Topsakal S et al. · 2017
Sixteen Wistar albino rats were divided into sham and exposure groups, with the exposure group receiving 2.4 GHz RFR from a Wi-Fi generator 24 hours per day for one year at a distance of 50 cm. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. At 6000 Hz, DPOAE values were lower in the exposure group than in the sham group, and at 12 months they were also lower than baseline and 6-month values; at 2000 Hz, DPOAE values at 6 and 12 months were higher than baseline.
Wang H et al. · 2017
Researchers exposed 220 male Wistar rats to a 2.856 GHz radiation source at power densities of 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mW/cm² for 6 min/day, 5 days/week, for up to 6 weeks. Rats in the 10 mW/cm² group showed declines in spatial learning and memory and EEG disorders, including decreased EEG frequencies and increased amplitudes and delta wave powers. Changes in the basic structure and ultrastructure of the hippocampus were found in the 10 and 5 mW/cm² groups. The researchers suggested that continuous microwave exposure could cause dose-dependent long-term impairment of spatial learning and memory, and that decreases in NMDAR key subunits and phosphorylation of NR2B might contribute to cognitive impairment.
Othman H, Ammari M, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. · 2017
Researchers randomly assigned 24 pregnant albino Wistar rats to four groups: control, WiFi-exposed, restrained, and both WiFi-exposed and restrained. Each WiFi exposure and restraint session lasted 2 hours per day throughout gestation until parturition. Prenatal WiFi exposure and restraint, separately and especially combined, adversely affected offspring physical development, neuromotor maturation, adult emotional responses, motor and exploratory behavior, brain oxidative stress, and serum biochemistry, with most impacts depending on offspring gender.
Calvente I et al. · 2016
Calvente I et al. · 2016
Spanish researchers measured radiofrequency radiation around the homes of 123 ten-year-old boys and tested their cognitive abilities and behavior. While most measures showed no effects, boys living in areas with higher RF exposure (though still below safety guidelines) had lower verbal skills and higher rates of anxiety-related behaviors compared to those in lower exposure areas. The researchers cautioned that study limitations prevent drawing definitive conclusions.
Hardell L et al · 2016
Researchers used an exposimeter to measure radiofrequency radiation across 20 bands from 88 to 5,850 MHz at Stockholm Central Railway Station. They recorded 1,669 data points and found a median total exposure of 921 μW/m2 with mean levels varying between 2,817 and 4,891 μW/m2 per walking round. High mean measurements were observed for GSM + UMTS 900 downlink and UMTS 2100 downlink, and almost all levels exceeded the BioInitiative precautionary target of 3–6 μW/m2.
Unknown authors · 2016
Researchers exposed young male rats to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation (WiFi frequency) for 3 hours daily over 30 days and found significant damage to testicular tissue, including increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and reduced sperm production. The antioxidant gallic acid helped protect against these harmful effects when given alongside the radiation exposure.
Unknown authors · 2016
Turkish researchers exposed young male rats to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation (WiFi frequency) for 3 hours daily over 30 days and found significant testicular damage including reduced sperm counts, increased inflammation, and oxidative stress. The natural antioxidant gallic acid provided protective effects against this reproductive harm.
Gläser K et al. · 2016
Researchers irradiated human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and HL-60 cells at GSM (900 MHz), UMTS (1,950 MHz), and LTE (2,535 MHz) frequencies, at intensities ranging from 0 to 4 W/kg SAR, for short and long exposure periods. Studied endpoints included apoptosis, oxidative stress, cell cycle, DNA damage, and DNA repair. In all but one endpoint, no clear effect of mobile phone radiation was detected; the only alteration was a small but statistically significant decrease in DNA damage in HSC exposed to GSM modulation for 4 hours.
