Unknown authors · 2020
Researchers exposed pregnant rats to 1800 MHz cell phone radiation and 2400 MHz WiFi signals, then tested their offspring's behavior and brain development. The exposed pups showed altered movement patterns, changed brain chemistry, and different developmental timing compared to unexposed controls. The study suggests prenatal EMF exposure may affect how the brain develops during critical early periods.
Hepatic injury induced by radio frequency waves emitted from conventional Wi-Fi devices in Wistar ratsH M Fahmy et al. · 2020
Researchers exposed Wistar female rats to a standard 2.45 GHz radio frequency source with an averaged whole-body specific absorption rate of 0.01 W kg−1 24 h−1 daily for 40 consecutive days. The rats were randomly divided into control and Wi-Fi–exposed groups. Liver samples were evaluated for oxidative stress parameters, transaminase levels, molecular structure using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, histopathology, and ultrastructure. Exposure led to severe oxidative stress, deleterious effects on liver function, altered molecular structure, and severe histological and ultrastructural alterations indicating hepatotoxic effects.
Unknown authors · 2020
Researchers randomly divided 120 Wistar rats into ten groups of 12 and exposed them to RF-EMF, 10 cGy x-rays, 8 Gy x-rays, combinations of these, or sham exposure. They measured liver enzymes in serum, as well as histopathological changes and oxidative stress markers including MDA, nitric oxide, antioxidant power, total thiols, and PCO. Gamma-glutamyltransferase was not associated with irradiation, but aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase showed some association. MDA and PCO levels increased after 8 Gy irradiation, but pre-exposure to RF-EMF modulated these changes, and lobular inflammation frequency was associated with the intervention type.
Unknown authors · 2020
Pregnant mice were exposed to Wi-Fi signal (2.4 GHz) for 2 and 4 hours. Placenta tissues were examined for MDA and SOD levels, and gene expression of SOD, CDKNA1, GADD45a, Bax, and Bcl-2 was measured by real-time PCR, while apoptosis was assessed using TUNEL assay. MDA and SOD levels significantly increased in exposed groups (P-value<0.05), and SOD mRNA expression also significantly increased. CDKN1A and GADD45a gene expression increased in exposed groups (P-value<0.05), and apoptosis increased as shown by quantitative PCR and TUNEL assay (P-value<0.05).
Unknown authors · 2020
Researchers exposed pregnant mice to Wi-Fi signals (2.4 GHz) for 2 and 4 hours and examined the placenta tissue. They found increased oxidative stress, DNA damage markers, and cell death in the placenta after Wi-Fi exposure. This matters because the placenta is crucial for healthy fetal development during pregnancy.
Delavarifar S et al. · 2020
Researchers exposed 30 adult male Balb/c mice to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation or sham exposure, with some mice treated with busulfan to induce oligospermia. Low power density Wi-Fi radiation significantly increased sperm concentration in healthy mice and showed greater increase in oligospermic mice with higher exposure.
Unknown authors · 2019
Researchers used high-throughput RNA sequencing to compare gene expression in E. coli DH5α exposed to 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation and unexposed controls. The analysis identified 101 differentially expressed genes, with 52 up-regulated and 49 down-regulated. Quantitative RT-PCR of selected genes confirmed the sequencing results. Pathway analysis showed that flagellar assembly, chemotaxis, two-component systems, and metabolic pathways were affected.
Said-Salman IH, Jebali FA, Yusef HH, Mustafa ME · 2019
A Wi-Fi router was used as a source of microwaves and bacterial cells were exposed continuously for 24 and 48 hours. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested by disc diffusion on Müller Hinton agar, motility of Escherichia coli O157H7 was assessed on motility agar, and metabolic activity and biofilm formation were measured with MTT assay and crystal violet quantification. Exposure altered motility and antibiotic susceptibility of Escherichia coli O157H7, did not change antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermis, and increased metabolic activity and biofilm formation in Escherichia coli O157H7, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermis.
The effect of Wi-Fi electromagnetic waves on neuronal response properties in rat barrel cortexSistani S et al. · 2019
Researchers exposed 29 male Wistar rats to Wi-Fi radiation for 1 hour and recorded neuronal responses in the barrel cortex. Wi-Fi radiation decreased the condition test ratio for ON responses. Spontaneous activity and ON and OFF responses were not significantly changed. The researchers concluded that Wi-Fi radiation could modulate integrative responses to natural stimuli in barrel cortex.
Unknown authors · 2018
Hardell L et al · 2018
Researchers measured RF radiation levels in an apartment close to two groups of mobile phone base stations on the roof. A total of 74,531 measurements were made corresponding to ~83 h of recording. The total mean RF radiation level was 3,811 µW/m2 with a range of 15.2 to 112,318 µW/m2 for the whole apartment including balconies. Particularly high levels were measured on three balconies and three of the four bedrooms. The mean RF radiation level decreased by 98% when down-links from the base stations for 2, 3 and 4 G were disregarded.
Unknown authors · 2018
Twelve-week old male mice were exposed to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation at 0.0248 mW/cm2 power density and 0.0146 W/kg SAR for two hours daily over 15, 30, and 60 days. Researchers evaluated testicular histology, serum testosterone, ROS, NO, MDA, antioxidant enzymes, and apoptotic protein expression. Exposure induced testicular redox imbalance that enhanced apoptosis via a p53 dependent Bax-caspase-3 pathway with severity increasing with exposure duration.
Unknown authors · 2018
Researchers exposed male mice to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation (the same frequency as WiFi and microwave ovens) for 2 hours daily over 15-60 days. The radiation triggered a cascade of cellular damage in the testes, leading to sperm cell death through a specific molecular pathway involving oxidative stress and programmed cell death. Longer exposure periods caused progressively more severe damage to reproductive tissue.
Unknown authors · 2018
López-Furelos A et al. · 2018
Researchers exposed RAW 264.7 macrophage cells to single or combined radiofrequency signals at 900 and 2450 MHz for 4, 24, 48, or 72 hours in a GTEM chamber. They measured cell viability, nitric oxide production, HSP70 and TNF-α expression, and phagocytic activity. Phagocytic activity declined with longer exposure, while combined exposure raised HSP70 at 48 hours and significantly increased nitric oxide and TNF-α at 72 hours.
Unknown authors · 2018
Mice were exposed to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation at a power density of 0.25 mW/cm2 and SAR of 0.09 W/kg for 2 hours per day over 30 days. Exposure significantly increased catalase, malondialdehyde, and reactive oxygen species while decreasing glutathione peroxidase, testosterone, and superoxide dismutase levels. Flow cytometry revealed micronuclei formation in the blood of exposed mice, and histopathological changes were observed in seminiferous tubules.
Unknown authors · 2018
Researchers exposed male mice to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation (the same frequency as WiFi and microwave ovens) for 2 hours daily over 30 days. The exposed mice showed significant damage to their reproductive systems, including reduced testosterone levels, increased oxidative stress in the testes, and structural damage to sperm-producing tissue. The study demonstrates that everyday wireless frequencies can harm male fertility through cellular damage.
Kamali K, Taravati A, Sayyadi S, Gharib FZ, Maftoon H. · 2018
Researchers exposed male Wister rats to 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi radiation continuously for 10 weeks. Total antioxidant capacity of plasma and activities of CAT, GSH-Px, and SOD decreased significantly in exposed rats. GST activity increased significantly in the exposed group. GSH and TBARS levels did not change significantly after exposure.
Qureshi MRA, Alfadhl Y, Chen X, Peyman A, Maslanyj M, Mann S · 2018
Masoumi A, Karbalaei N, Mortazavi SMJ, Shabani M. · 2018
The Wi-Fi exposure used a frequency of 2.45 GHz. The Wi-Fi exposed group had significantly lower weight gain than controls and developed hyperglycemia. Plasma insulin levels and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic islets were significantly reduced, while pancreatic lipid peroxidation increased and GSH, SOD, and GPx activities decreased.
Unknown authors · 2018
Researchers divided male Wistar-Albino rats into four groups of eight and exposed one group to 2600 MHz EMF for 30 days. EMF exposure increased sinus dilatation, caspase-3 and TNF-α positive cells, and malondialdehyde levels in liver tissue. Quercetin at 100 mg/kg/day did not prevent the liver damage.
Li R et al. · 2018
This study examined how mouse spermatocyte-derived cells respond to 1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure at 4 W/kg for 24 hours. The researchers found that RF-EMF exposure induced both DNA damage and autophagy through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, with the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway mediating this autophagy response, and that autophagy activation actually protected cells from DNA damage.
Gupta SK, Mesharam MK, Krishnamurthy S. · 2018
Male rats were exposed to EMR (900, 1800 and 2450 MHz) every day for 1 h for 28 consecutive days. Animals exposed to EMR-2450 MHz exhibited significant cognitive deficits. EMR-2450 MHz caused loss of mitochondrial function and integrity, an increase in amyloid beta expression. There was release of cytochrome-c and activation of apoptotic factors such as caspase-9 and -3 in the hippocampus. Further, there was decrease in levels of acetylcholine, and increase in activity of acetyl cholinesterase, indicating impairment of cholinergic system.
Chauhan P, Verma HN, Sisodia R, Kesari KK. · 2017
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats to 2.45 GHz microwave radiation at a power density of 0.2 mW/cm2 for 2 hours a day for 35 days, then examined brain, liver, kidney, testis, and spleen. Significantly high levels of lipid peroxide were found in the liver (p < 0.001), brain (p < 0.004), and spleen (p < 0.006) of exposed rats. Histological changes were also observed in the brain, liver, testis, kidney, and spleen after whole-body microwave exposure, compared to the control group.
Roser K et al. · 2017
Researchers measured personal RF-EMF exposure in 90 adolescents aged 13 to 17 years using a portable ExpoM-RF device across 13 frequency bands from 470 to 3600 MHz for three consecutive days with a time-activity diary. Mobile phones contributed 67.2% and mobile phone base stations contributed 19.8% of total personal RF-EMF measurements averaging 63.2 μW/m² (0.15 V/m). WLAN at school and home accounted for 3.5% of total personal measurements. Environmental sources contributed on average 6.0% to the brain dose and 9.0% to the whole-body dose according to dose calculations.
