Unknown authors · 2001
The study group consisted of 14 people who reported a hypersensitivity to electricity, including disabling fatigue. Cholinesterase activity was assessed three times: twice based on current symptoms (severe fatigue attributed to electromagnetic fields and absence of this symptom) and once at a randomly selected time. No significant reduction in acetylcholinesterase was identified in any subject, and no correlation between reported degree of fatigue and cholinesterase activity was observed.
Unknown authors · 2001
The study examined 30 human volunteers. Volunteers were exposed to a 28 microT circularly polarized 50 Hz magnetic field for 50 minutes in a double-blind crossover design. The majority of cognitive measures showed no significant effect of exposure. Verbal recall of a 15-word list after interference was significantly impaired during field exposure. Performance on a trail-making task requiring executive functioning also decreased with exposure.
Unknown authors · 2001
The paper used meta-analysis to review literature on neurodegenerative diseases, suicide, and depressive symptoms in relation to EMF. For ALS, relatively strong data indicated electric utility work may be associated with increased risk, though EMF is only one possible explanation. For Alzheimer's disease, the combined data on an association with EMF were weaker than for ALS. For suicide, the overall assessment concluded that support for an association is weak. For depressive symptoms, the evidence was also considered relatively weak.
Unknown authors · 2001
The patient experienced headaches, unilateral left blurred vision and pupil constriction, and unilateral altered sensation on the forehead. Current perception threshold testing showed abnormalities in the left trigeminal ophthalmic nerve. Nerve function recovered during 6 months follow-up. The exposure was 0.015-0.06 mW/cm(2) over 1-2 h.
Zook BC, Simmens SJ, · 2001
Researchers exposed Sprague-Dawley rats to 860 MHz pulsed or continuous radiofrequency radiation for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week from 2 up to 24 months of age. The specific absorption rate was 1.0 W/ kg averaged over the brain. The rats were offspring of females injected intravenously with 0, 2.5, or 10 mg/kg ethylnitrosourea to induce brain tumors. There was no statistically significant evidence that the radiation induced neoplasia in any tissues or promoted cranial or spinal nerve or spinal cord tumors. The radiation had no statistically significant effect on brain tumor number, volume, location, multiplicity, histological type, malignancy, or fatality.
Stagg RB et al. · 2001
Researchers exposed tube-restrained Fischer 344 rats to pulse-modulated 1.6 GHz Iridium cell phone fields at brain SARs of 0.16, 1.6 and 5 W/ kg for 2 hours. Core body temperature increased transiently by about 0.3 degrees C during the first 30 minutes of loose-tube restraint in conditioned animals. Immobilization alone caused a nearly 10-fold rise in ACTH and corticosterone in conditioned rats, and non-conditioned rats showed 3-10-fold higher hormone levels at 120 minutes. RF exposure did not change core body temperature, corticosterone, ACTH, or brain Odc, Fos, Jun mRNA compared with sham-exposed immobilized animals. The authors concluded that the pulse-modulated digital Iridium RF field at SARs up to 5 W/kg is incapable of altering these stress-related responses.
Sandstrom M, Wilen J, Oftedal G, Hansson Mild K · 2001
Researchers conducted an epidemiological investigation including 6379 GSM users and 5613 NMT 900 users in Sweden, and 2500 from each category in Norway. The adjusted odds ratio did not indicate any increased risk for symptoms for GSM users compared with NMT 900 users. However, a statistically significant lower risk for sensations of warmth on the ear was observed for GSM users compared with NMT 900 users. A statistically significant association was found between calling time or number of calls per day and the prevalence of warmth behind or around the ear, headaches, and fatigue.
Johansen C, Boice JD, McLaughlin JK, Olsen JH, · 2001
A retrospective cohort study in Denmark included 420 095 cellular telephone users from 1982 through 1995. Cancer incidence was determined by linkage with the Danish Cancer Registry. Overall, 3391 cancers were observed with 3825 expected, yielding a significantly decreased standardized incidence ratio of 0.89. No excess risk was found for brain or nervous system tumors, salivary gland cancer, or leukemia. The results do not support an association between cellular telephone use and these cancers.
Inskip PD et al. · 2001
Researchers conducted a case-control study of intracranial tumors between 1994 and 1998. They enrolled 782 patients with glioma, meningioma, or acoustic neuroma and 799 controls. Cumulative use of more than 100 hours showed relative risks of 0.9 for glioma, 0.7 for meningioma, 1.4 for acoustic neuroma, and 1.0 for all tumors combined. No higher risks were seen for use of 60 or more minutes per day or regular use for five or more years. Tumors did not occur more often on the side of the head where the telephone was typically used.
Westermark A, Wisten A. · 2001
The study aimed to investigate whether miniplate osteosynthesis and cellular phone create disturbance of the infraorbital nerve. Researchers measured electric current on the plate surface under the magnetic field between the phone antenna and the metal plate. The highest currents measured were 141 mV in air and 21 mV in saline. The findings suggested a possible correlation between the miniplate near the infraorbital nerve and patient dysesthesia under cellular phone energy.
Vitulli WF, Nemeth YM, Conte CT · 2001
The study determined whether ibuprofen causes a disruptive behavior pattern similar to aspirin yet contrary to acetaminophen regarding thermoregulatory effects. Eight Sprague-Dawley rats (3 males and 5 females) were conditioned in a refrigerated Skinner Box on a fixed-interval 2-minute schedule of microwave radiation (5 seconds per exposure) in a repeated-measures reversal design. Rats received intraperitoneal injections of ibuprofen at 10-50 mg/kg or methyl-cellulose control vehicle of equal volume over 8-hour daily sessions. A multivariate analysis showed significant differences due to ibuprofen doses for microwave heat reinforcers per hour and rate of responding (ns), with both measures significantly higher during the first two hours.
Santini R et al. · 2001
Researchers conducted a questionnaire survey of 161 students and workers at a French engineering school about symptoms during digital cellular phone use. Users of 1800-MHz phones reported significantly more concentration difficulties than users of 900-MHz phones. Women using cellular phones complained of sleep disturbance significantly more often than men. Using both cellular phones and VDT significantly increased concentration difficulties. Longer daily calling duration and more calls per day were associated with more ear discomfort, warmth, and pricking.
Peyman A, Rezazadeh AA, Gabriel C · 2001
Researchers measured dielectric properties of ten rat tissues at six ages from 130 MHz to 10 GHz. Results showed a general decrease in dielectric properties with age. The decrease was more apparent in brain, skull, and skin tissues than in abdominal tissues. The variation was attributed to changes in water content and organic composition.
LeeTMC, HoSMY, Tsang LYH, Yang SYC, LiLSW, ChanCCH · 2001
The study examined the effect of mobile phone electromagnetic fields on human attention. Three attention measures were administered to 72 teenagers, 37 of whom were mobile phone users. Mobile phone users performed better on one of the three attention measures than non-users. The researchers suggested a mild facilitating effect on attention functions.
Lebedeva NN et al. · 2001
Hocking B · 2001
The paper describes early reports of microwave sickness from Eastern Europe and notes Western scepticism about them. It also considers recent reports by Western specialists and a possible neurological basis for the condition. The paper concludes that microwave sickness is a medical entity that should be recognized as a possible risk for radiofrequency radiation workers.
Hardell L, Hansson Mild K, Pahlson A, Hallquist A · 2001
Researchers conducted a case-control study of 233 patients aged 20-80 with histopathologically verified brain tumours, using two matched controls per case from the Swedish Population Register. Workers in the chemical industry had an odds ratio of 4.10 (95% CI 1.25-13.4) and laboratory workers an odds ratio of 3.21 (95% CI 1.16-8.85). Radiotherapy of the head and neck region gave an odds ratio of 3.61 (95% CI 0.65-19.9), medical diagnostic X-ray of the same area yielded an odds ratio of 1.64 (95% CI 1.04-2.58), and work as a physician gave an odds ratio of 6.00 (95% CI 0.62-57.7). Ipsilateral cellular telephone use increased the risk of tumours in the temporal, temporoparietal, and occipital areas with an odds ratio of 2.42 (95% CI 0.97-6.05).
Yang R, Chen J, Deng Z, Liu X, · 2001
Researchers cultured pig retinal ganglion cells in vitro, added vitamin E at different concentrations, and exposed them to 2450 MHz microwave radiation at 30 mW/cm² for 1 hour. Microwave exposure caused cell congregation, axon disappearance, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum swelling, and apoptosis. Vitamin E groups showed no obvious changes under optical microscope, though electron microscopy revealed light mitochondria swelling with intact cristae. The researchers concluded that microwave induced morphological damage and vitamin E reduced this damage to some extent.
Tattersall JE et al. · 2001
Mausset A, de Seze R, Montpeyroux F, Privat A · 2001
Researchers injected rats with gamma-vinyl-GABA to increase GABA levels and then used immunohistochemistry and image analysis to measure cerebellar GABA content. They exposed rats to 900 MHz pulsed radiofrequency at 4 W/kg SAR and continuous waves at 32 W/kg SAR. Pulsed exposure selectively reduced the stained processes area in the Purkinje cell layer, while continuous exposure decreased optical density in all three cell layers. The authors noted that it is unknown whether these effects are partly due to local tissue heating.
Jech R et al. · 2001
Finnie JW et al. · 2001
Researchers studied the effect of GSM radiofrequency fields on vascular permeability in the mouse brain using an exposure system operating at 898.4 MHz. Mice were given a single whole-body exposure for 60 minutes at a specific absorption rate of 4 W/kg, while control mice were sham-exposed or permitted free movement in a cage. No significant difference in albumin extravasation was detected between any of the groups.
Lyskov E, Sandström M, Mild KH · 2001
Researchers investigated possible neurophysiological effects of an intermittent 15 sec on/off cycle, 60 Hz, 10 μT magnetic field on patients with perceived electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) and control subjects during rest and a mental arithmetic task. Magnetic field exposure did not affect autonomic system or electroencephalographic variables in either group. EHS patients and controls showed significant differences in heart rate, heart rate spectrum ratio, and electrodermal activity, while EEG characteristics did not differ between groups.
Unknown authors · 2000
Researchers conducted a nested case-control study of male electric utility workers examining suicide mortality in relation to estimated exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields. The study included 536 suicide deaths and 5,348 controls, with exposure classified by jobs with increased magnetic field exposure and cumulative exposure indices from a measurement survey. Suicide mortality was increased for work in exposed jobs and with magnetic field exposure indices, with increased odds ratios for electricians (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.80) and linemen (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.14) and a decreased odds ratio for power plant operators (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.33 to 1.40).
Unknown authors · 2000
The researcher studied the incidence of central nervous system diseases in 30,631 persons employed in Danish utility companies between 1900 and 1993, linked the cohort to the Danish National Register of Patients and compared cases from 1978 to 1993 with general population rates, and fitted a multiplicative Poisson regression model to estimated 50-Hz electromagnetic field exposure levels. Overall there was an increase in risk for senile dementia and motor neuron diseases combined, while Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, and other central nervous system diseases were essentially unrelated to exposure. A decreased risk of epilepsy compared with the general population probably reflects a healthy worker effect, but internal comparisons showed an increased risk of epilepsy.
