Unknown authors · 2026
The review integrates evidence from magnetobiology and sex-based physiology to propose that hormonal and structural dimorphism may modulate biological responses to magnetic field. It notes that biological effects depend on field intensity, frequency, polarity, and direction, which are often overlooked. The review outlines potential mechanisms involving ion-channel modulation, magnetite orientation, and radical-pair dynamics, and proposes experimental paradigms to test these interactions.
Eggeling-Böcker M et al. · 2026
Researchers randomly assigned 2169 participants to basic, simple precautionary, or conceptual precautionary information about reducing RF-EMF exposure from mobile phones. Simple precautionary messages increased general conditional risk perception only when participants assumed no precautions were taken, but did not affect affective risk perception, trust, or risk perception when precautions were assumed. Providing an elaborate explanation of the precaution-prevention distinction did not reduce risk perception or increase trust compared to simple precautionary information, and increased risk perception compared to basic information. Greek participants reported higher perceived risks and lower trust than German participants, and women expressed higher risk perception and less trust than men.
Ikuyo M, Taki M, Onishi T. · 2026
Researchers measured micro-environmental RF-EMF exposure levels across major railway station areas, shopping streets, residential areas, and public parks in urban and suburban areas of Japan. They also evaluated a portable measurement method by traversing a designated route way and back. RF-EMF exposure levels in urban areas were significantly higher than those in suburban areas. Major railway station areas had the highest exposure levels, followed by shopping streets, residential areas, and parks. The way-and-back measurements showed no significant difference in exposure levels.
Dumit S et al. · 2026
Rodney Croft of ICNIRP presented the system of radiological protection for non-ionizing radiation and ICNIRP's current work. Werner Rühm of ICRP covered the system for ionizing radiation including justification, optimization, dose limitation, and plans for revision. Other speakers represented IRPA, WHO, and NCRP, with NCRP noting its role in analyzing mechanisms of NIR interaction with biological systems.
Sailo L et al. · 2025
Researchers gave a symptom questionnaire to 183 highly exposed and 126 reference residents matched on demographics in a hilly city in Mizoram, India. They measured RF-EMF levels in residents' lounge rooms and compared symptoms between those living closer than 300 meters and farther than 400 meters from base stations. Residents living closer reported more symptoms in all four health categories, and higher exposure levels were the only factor predicting the number of symptoms.
Li K et al. · 2025
Two high-resolution anatomical face models extracted from whole-body models were used at 10 GHz and 30 GHz. The results suggest that when appropriate averaging methods are applied, spatially averaged APD and temperature rise in realistic human face models are statistically correlated.
De Borre E, De Massia C, Boone MN, Müller P, Thielens A · 2025
Köteles F, Witthöft M, Bräscher AK, Bailer J, Nordin S · 2025
Researchers used population-based survey data from Germany (n=2515), Sweden (n=3253), and Finland (n=1467) to report prevalence rates of five environmental sensitivities and compare three of them across countries. In the German sample, about 25% of participants reported mild reactions to sounds, chemicals, and buildings, and about 10% to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and wind turbines, with strong reactions at 1-2%. Data from Sweden and Finland showed consistent similarities, with prevalences exceeding 34% for mild reactions to chemicals and sounds and about 5% to EMFs, with strong reactions at 1-8%.
Human cells response to electromagnetic waves of radio and microwave frequenciesSouchelnytskyi S et al. · 2025
The review highlights recent achievements in elucidating molecular mechanisms of RF and MW effects. It also highlights a direction for successful practical application in humans. Human cells both generate and absorb electromagnetic waves. Information about sensing and responding to EMW at different Hz frequencies is still fragmentary. The reported impact of RF and MW frequencies is variable, from harmful to human health to promising applications for diagnostics and treatment of diseases such as cancer.
Stefanopoulou M et al. · 2025
Researchers collaborated with 12 specialists to create an expert-based knowledge graph linking RF-EMF exposure to direct and indirect health effects. They also evaluated an AI tool that uses natural language processing and deep learning to extract information from literature and generate knowledge graphs. The expert-based knowledge graph can organize available knowledge as a first step in planetary health impact assessment, while AI tools require substantial human oversight and cannot replace expert judgment.
Scarato · 2025
The paper explores regulatory infrastructure deficiencies including the absence of monitoring, premarket safety testing, post-market surveillance, emissions compliance, occupational safety, and wildlife protection. A 2021 federal court mandated the FCC to review scientific evidence, but the FCC has not responded. Compliance tests for cell phones do not reflect real-world use and can hide exposures exceeding FCC limits. Other countries enforce stricter limits and have policies to protect children. The paper recommends reforms such as independent research, science-based safety limits, pre- and post-market surveillance, and risk mitigation for children and wildlife.
Unknown authors · 2025
Panagopoulos et al · 2025
Anthropogenic EMFs, especially wireless communications, are fully polarized, coherent, and highly variable, unlike natural EMFs. Wireless communication fields consist of microwave carrier waves modulated by ELF signals and on/off pulses at various ELF rates, with intense random variability in the ULF band. Epidemiological and laboratory studies link ELF or wireless EMF exposure to cancer, infertility, electro-hypersensitivity and other pathologies, and find DNA damage and oxidative stress as explanatory mechanisms.
Paoletti S et al. · 2025
Unknown authors · 2025
Kaur S, Jain S, Bhardwaj R, Kumaran SS, Kochhar KP · 2025
Adult male Wistar rats received a complete spinal cord injury at T-13 and were exposed to ELF-MF for 5, 12, or 32 days. Motor and sensorimotor behavioral tests, lesion volume, cortical EEG, BDNF and Nogo-A expression were measured at each time point. After 32 days of ELF-MF, significant recovery was seen in BBB locomotor score, allodynia, grip strength, EEG power spectrum, and lesion volume, and the SCI+MF group showed increased BDNF and decreased Nogo-A while preserving the biphasic expression pattern.
Hermans A et al. · 2025
Researchers studied the effects of electromagnetic fields on the swimming behaviour of 14 individual small-spotted catsharks Scyliorhinus canicula. All sharks were exposed to field-relevant EMF gradients in three trials: 15.0 μT AC, 19.6 μT DC, and a control treatment. Sharks showed no startle response to EMF onset, did not alter movement towards or away from the cable, and crossed it as frequently as in control trials. Hidden Markov Models showed that behavioural states were best explained by EMF treatment, trial order and sex. Sharks showed 25% less time transiting during DC trials when compared to AC and control trials.
Zhou S, Wen H, He X, Han X, Li H · 2025
Unknown authors · 2025
The study found that PEMFs increased new bone formation and nerve innervation, promoting osteogenesis and reducing adipogenesis in MSCs of aging male mice. PEMF-induced osteogenesis was impaired when sensory nerves were dysfunctional. PEMFs stimulated sensory nerves to secrete Sema3A, which acted through the Nrp1 receptor on leptin-receptor-expressing MSCs to drive osteogenesis, inhibit adipogenesis, and counteract cellular senescence. Depleting sensory nerves or knocking out Sema3A or Nrp1 abolished the bone-forming effects of PEMFs.
Tang W, He D, Li X, Feng Y, Xu Y, Hu J, Xu W, Xue L · 2025
Researchers used spinal cord-derived neural stem cells from adult mice to study the effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields. ELF-EMFs enhanced cell proliferation and self-renewal by upregulating Sox2 expression. ELF-EMFs activated T-type calcium channels and enhanced calcium currents. Increased intercellular calcium concentration upregulated NeuroG1 and NeuroD1 expression, promoting neuronal differentiation of NSCs and enhancing neurite outgrowth.
Sun C, Wang S, Zhang J, Zhou X, Zhu T, Mao G · 2025
Researchers exposed senescent and non-senescent human fetal lung fibroblasts to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 1.0 mT for 24 h. Further results showed that reactive oxygen species generation mediated by mitochondrial permeability transition pore activation play critical role in this process. The authors concluded that cellular senescence can lead to cell sensitivity to the DNA damage effect of 50 Hz MFs, however, whether this play important role in mediating the carcinogenesis of EMFs await further study.
Randhawa A, Ganguly K, Dutta SD, Patil TV, Lim K-T · 2025
Researchers used a pulsed electromagnetic field wave-motion bioreactor to culture human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. A 30-minute exposure at 10V, 1Hz, 5.82 G with 35 oscillations per minute increased cell proliferation from 1 × 105 to 4.5 × 105 compared to static culture. In osteo-induction media, the dynamic pulsed electromagnetic field enhanced osteogenic transcription factors and shifted osteogenic and signaling genes. The combined wave and pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation also induced ROS-scavenging properties in the cells.
Mendoza-Mari Y, Stojanovic M, Miulli DE, Agrawal DK · 2025
The researchers used an in vitro model treating two cell lines with TNF-α and then stimulating them with two frequencies of low-frequency EMF. Both cell lines reduced target gene levels after EMF exposure, indicating an anti-inflammatory effect.
Unknown authors · 2025
Unknown authors · 2025
The researchers used scratch-wound healing and cell viability assays to test how PEMFs affect L929 fibroblast migration and survival. Exposure to PEMFs at 4 mT and 80 Hz increased cell migration and viability. Seahorse glycolysis and mitochondrial stress tests showed that exposed cells became highly glycolytic, while intracellular acidification rose and ROS levels stayed low. More vesicles were generated and transported toward the nucleus in PEMF-treated L929 cells. The authors concluded that PEMFs reprogram fibroblast metabolism from mitochondrial respiration to glycolysis and boost vesicular transport, linking these changes to wound healing.
