Hambarde S, Pandey A, Baskin DS, Helekar SA · 2026
The authors report results in cultured glioma cells and in a syngeneic mouse model. The spinning oscillating magnetic field caused reactive oxygen species-dependent persistent inhibition of mitochondrial complex I. Steps downstream of this mechanism involve the production of oxidative stress, DNA damage, G1 phase cell cycle arrest, and caspase-dependent apoptosis. The spinning oscillating magnetic field did not produce these effects in normal human astrocytes and astroglial cells.
Kim HS et al. · 2026
Researchers conducted a chronic bioassay in Korea and Japan using the same protocol to test CDMA-modulated 900 MHz RF at a whole-body SAR of 4 W/kg. Exposure began on gestational day 5 and continued for 18 hours 20 minutes each day with 10-minute on/off cycles. The Korean study observed no statistically significant changes in tumor incidence or survival rates. No significant RF-related effects were found in the heart, brain, or adrenal glands, and genotoxicity tests showed no DNA damage or mutation.
Imaida K et al. · 2026
The study included a 28-day preliminary toxicity study, genotoxicity assays, and a two-year carcinogenicity assessment following OECD guidelines. No statistically significant increases in neoplastic or non-neoplastic lesions were found in major organs including brain, heart, and adrenal glands.
Tahmasebi et al · 2025
This multicenter case–control study recruited 226 women in Iran classified as controls, suspected cases, and confirmed breast cancer cases. Structured questionnaires collected data on mobile phone call duration, screen time, and phone placement. Longer screen time (>4 h/day), later age at menarche, lower education level, and exposure to environmental pollutants were also associated with increased odds.
Mevissen et al · 2025
Geng D, Liu A, Yan Y, Zheng W · 2025
ELF-MF stimulation improved spatial working memory in the AD model mice. Local field potential analysis showed that AD reduced theta and gamma band energy in the hippocampal CA1 region, while ELF-MF stimulation significantly enhanced this energy. Immunofluorescence detection revealed that ELF-MF stimulation reduced abnormal accumulation of Aβ42 and Drp1 in the hippocampus, with intermittent stimulation showing a more significant effect in adult mice.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers cultured HT-1197 bladder cancer cells and exposed them to PEMF therapy for one hour each day for five days. Cells were exposed to PEMF therapy for one hour each day for five days, and proliferation rates were measured using Incucyte data. HT-1197 cells treated with PEMF therapy showed slower proliferation compared to controls, while a different bladder cancer cell line HT-1376 did not show this effect. Gene expression analysis at days 1 and 5 revealed altered expression of numerous genes and cancer-related pathways in treated cells. Principal component analysis showed complete separation of treated and untreated cells, with PEMF treatment accounting for 76% of the variation.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers cultured DU-145 prostate cancer cells and exposed them to ELF P-EMF at different intensities and durations. Cell viability was measured with the MTT assay and apoptosis and necrosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Increasing the field intensity from 22.6 to 35 mT and prolonging exposure significantly increased cancer cell mortality and could induce apoptosis. The treatment significantly increased PTEN expression, increased BAX expression, significantly reduced MIR-21 expression, and partially reduced BCL-2 expression.
Moon et al · 2024
The authors performed meta-analyses of the association between mobile phone use and brain tumor development using various RF-EMR exposure subcategories. The analysis included 19 case-control studies and five cohort studies. Ipsilateral use was associated with a pooled odds ratio of 1.40, and use for more than 10 years showed a pooled odds ratio of 1.27. Cumulative use over 896 hours yielded a pooled odds ratio of 1.59, and cohort studies found no statistically significant associations for any brain tumor type.
Unknown authors · 2024
Unknown authors · 2024
Unknown authors · 2024
The synthesized nanostructures had a mean particle size of 157.3 nm, a zeta potential of -29.6 mV, and a polydispersity index of 0.31. A molecular docking study was performed to visualize how silver may bind to protein targets. The combined treatment lowered the IC50 against Hep-2 cells by about six-fold and suppressed cell proliferation in the G0/G1 and S phases. It also increased mRNA levels of CASP3, p53, Beclin-1 and NF-κB, raised oxidative stress biomarkers GR, ROS and MDA, and HE staining confirmed greater apoptosis.
Unknown authors · 2023
Exposed MDA-MB-231 cells had higher viability, more live cells, and longer, denser filopodia than unexposed cells. ELF-MF also raised mitochondrial ROS levels and altered mitochondrial morphology in these cells. Proteomic analysis found 328 proteins changed in MDA-MB-231 cells and 242 in MCF-10A cells, with enrichment in focal adhesion and mitochondrion pathways. The exposure reduced adhesion and increased migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells, while transcription factors linked to cellular reprogramming were upregulated in MDA-MB-231 and downregulated in MCF-10A.
Unknown authors · 2023
Researchers conducted a population-based case-control study in two Northern Italian provinces, including 182 childhood leukemia cases and 726 matched controls. Exposure was assessed by calculating distance from childhood residence to the nearest transformer station using a geographical information system. Living within 15 meters of a transformer station was not appreciably associated with leukemia or acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk, and similar results were found with a 25-meter buffer. Among children aged five years or older, odds ratios were 1.3 (95% CI 0.1-12.8) for leukemia and 1.3 (95% CI 0.1-12.4) for ALL with the 15-meter buffer, and 1.7 (95% CI 0.4-7.0) for leukemia and 0.6 (95% CI 0.1-4.8) for ALL with the 25-meter buffer.
Chen C, Yan Z-S Ma Y-Q, Ding H-M · 2023
Researchers used all-atom molecular dynamics simulations to investigate how terahertz waves affect the structure of Aβ42 monomer, dimer, and tetramer. Terahertz waves at 42.55 THz enhanced intramolecular interactions in the monomer and intermolecular interactions in the dimer by resonating with specific molecular vibrations. This increased β-structure content in the monomer and significantly enhanced binding energy in the dimer. Terahertz waves also mildly stabilized tetrameric protofibrils by enhancing interactions among peripheral peptides.
Son Y, Park H-J, Jeong YJ, Choi H-D, Kim N, Lee H-J · 2023
Researchers exposed 5×FAD mice to 1950 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields at 5 W/kg for two hours per day, five days per week, for six months. They conducted object recognition and Y-maze behavioral tests and analyzed amyloid precursor protein and amyloid-beta metabolism in brain tissue. Exposure for six months ameliorated cognitive impairment and amyloid-β deposition. Hippocampal expression of Iba1 and CSF1R was significantly reduced in exposed mice compared with sham-exposed mice. Both radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and a CSF1R inhibitor suppressed genes related to microgliosis and pro-inflammatory interleukin-1β.
Unknown authors · 2023
Unknown authors · 2022
Unknown authors · 2022
Antibacterial activity was measured by reduction in bacterial viable count, and apoptosis in MCF-7 breast cancer cells was assessed using annexin V-FITC and cell cycle analysis. Combined ELF-EMF and 10 µM/ml AgNPs for 2 hours achieved 100% inhibition of K. pneumonia, while either agent alone reduced viable counts in a time-dependent manner. Combination treatment significantly increased apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, shown by elevated Pre G1 phase cells, while AgNPs caused S phase arrest and ELF-EMF caused G2/M phase accumulation.
Unknown authors · 2022
Unknown authors · 2022
Researchers aimed to evaluate the anti-tumor effect of caffeic or chlorogenic acid combined with a moderate-strength static magnetic field on C32 melanoma cells by assessing apoptosis. Apoptosis was evaluated using flow cytometry, apoptosis-associated gene expression was determined using RT-qPCR, and caspase activity and oxidative damage markers were measured. Phenolic acids and a static magnetic field triggered apoptosis of C32 cells and affected expression of genes encoding apoptosis regulatory proteins. The study concluded that both phenolic acids and a static magnetic field can be used supportively in melanoma treatment and that caffeic acid is more pro-apoptotic than chlorogenic acid.
Unknown authors · 2022
The study aimed to examine the 96-hour effects of ELF-EMF on HERV-H, K, and W expression in human melanoma cells. SK-MEL-37 cells were continuously exposed to ELF-EMF at 50 Hz and intensities of 1.5 and 3 mT for 96 hours, and HERV expression was measured by qPCR after mRNA extraction. Exposure to ELF-EMF for 96 hours significantly downregulated HERV-H, K, and W env gene expression (P<0.001). The researchers suggested that low intensity and long-term exposure to ELF-EMF may pave using this type of radiation as a novel therapeutic approach by neutralizing the HERVs upregulated expression in melanoma cells.
Unknown authors · 2022
Researchers exposed miR-34a-transfected DLD1 colorectal cancer cells to 2.4 GHz RF-EMF for 24 hours and evaluated effects using real-time PCR, scratch assay, and MTS test. Administration of miR-34a decreased expression of per2, bmal1, sirtuin1, and survivin and inhibited proliferation and migration of DLD1 cells. RF-EMF exposure increased cry1 mRNA expression, weakened miR-34a's inhibition of per2, abolished its inhibition of survivin, and eliminated miR-34a's effects on proliferation and migration. The authors concluded that RF-EMF strongly influenced miR-34a-mediated regulation of the peripheral circadian oscillator in DLD1 cells.
Ding Z, Xiang X, Li J, Wu S · 2022
Researchers exposed Balb/c-3T3 cells to 1800 MHz RF continuous wave for 40 and 60 days, 4 hours per day, and compared them with sham-exposed cells. Exposed cells showed increased proliferation and migration, malignant transformation with visible foci and clone formation, and formed tumors when transplanted into SCID mice.
Hardell & Carlberg · 2021
The paper discusses historical lessons from early warnings on cancer risks and lost prevention opportunities. It states that radiofrequency radiation has a cancer-causing effect and that decades of studies show increased human cancer risk. Based on three case-control studies of wireless phone use, the authors present a preventable fraction for brain tumors and note an increase in undefined brain tumors in Sweden, especially among ages 20–39, which they suggest may be linked to high wireless phone use among young people.
