Jovanović M et al. · 2026
The study investigated the effects of subchronic exposure to a 30 mT static magnetic field on hematological parameters and spleen and tibia cellularity in young and 36-month-old rats. Twenty-seven rats were divided into four groups, with two groups exposed to the static magnetic field for 10 weeks. SMF exposure reduced lymphocyte counts and increased NLR in both age groups, while PLR increased only in young rats. In 36-month-old rats, SMF significantly reduced platelet counts, an effect not seen in young animals. SMF exposure also enhanced tibial and splenic cellularity in both groups.
Sailo L et al. · 2025
Researchers gave a symptom questionnaire to 183 highly exposed and 126 reference residents matched on demographics in a hilly city in Mizoram, India. They measured RF-EMF levels in residents' lounge rooms and compared symptoms between those living closer than 300 meters and farther than 400 meters from base stations. Residents living closer reported more symptoms in all four health categories, and higher exposure levels were the only factor predicting the number of symptoms.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers divided 40 mice into four groups to evaluate whether pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy could inhibit bone resorption in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced osteoporosis. Spleen tissue analysis demonstrated significant upregulation of IFN-γ and IL-10 expression in the PEMF group. Micro-CT and histological analysis confirmed that PEMF inhibited femoral bone loss and promoted bone regeneration in calvarial defects.
Unknown authors · 2025
Electronic devices such as cellphones, microwaves, and other household devices are known to emit electromagnetic waves, creating an environment that may disrupt homeostasis. Ginsenosides in red ginseng are known for anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic properties. The study aims to assess the therapeutic properties of ginsenosides in extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure.
Unknown authors · 2025
Researchers conducted a systematic review using the PRISMA flowchart to evaluate 2'-fucosyllactose as a therapy for necrotizing enterocolitis. After screening 133 titles and abstracts and reviewing 55 full texts, five studies were selected for comprehensive analysis. The review found that 2'-fucosyllactose, a human milk oligosaccharide, has advantageous impacts on the host immune system and digestive tract. Human milk oligosaccharides have been shown to boost immunological response to vaccinations, influence gut microbiota composition, and enhance expression of genes related to gut function.
Gupta V, Srivastava R · 2025
Researchers exposed 8-week-old male Japanese quail to 2.4 GHz Wi-fi radiation for 2 hours per day over 30 days and gave some birds oral Ashwagandha root extract at 100 mg/kg body weight. Wi-fi exposure decreased testicular weight, volume, density, and gonado-somatic index, while Ashwagandha increased these measures. Exposed quail showed increased oxidative stress parameters and reduced activity of SOD, catalase, and GSH in testes, and Ashwagandha treatment restored the redox balance. Wi-fi exposure raised corticosterone, lowered testosterone, and reduced estrogen receptor alpha expression in the testis. Wi-fi exposure increased IL1β and decreased IL10 in the testis, while Ashwagandha increased ERα expression, sperm count, and immunity, and decreased IL1β and NF-κB while increasing IL-10.
Cantu JC, Butterworth JW, Payne JA, Echchgadda I · 2024
Gupta V, Srivastava R · 2024
The study used a control group, a microwave radiation group exposed for 2 h/day for 30 days, an ashwagandha group given 100 mg/day/kg body weight, and a combined exposure group. Microwave radiation increased serum corticosterone levels, disrupted cholinergic balance, and induced neuro-inflammation. Neuro-inflammation led to oxidative stress, as shown by decreased activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT, and GSH. Microwave radiation also caused a significant decline in nissil substances in the hippocampus, indicating neurodegeneration through oxidative stress mediated hippocampal apoptosis. Ashwagandha reduced ROS production by increasing ROS-scavenging enzyme activity and decreased caspase-3 and caspase-7 expression, promoting neuronal health.
Thill A, Cammaerts MC, Balmori A · 2023
This systematic review summarizes the results of studies investigating the toxicity of electromagnetic fields in insects. The review focuses on detrimental effects from technological infrastructure, particularly power lines and cellular networks. Biological effects of non-thermal EMF on insects are clearly proven in the laboratory but only partly in the field. The authors state that extrapolating from laboratory results warrants increasing the threat level of environmental EMF impact on insects.
Unknown authors · 2023
Researchers optimized an in vitro differentiation protocol of human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells to B-cell lineages. Human HSPCs were continuously exposed to 300 mT of 50 Hz magnetic field for 35 days in a blinded manner. The percentages of myeloid or lymphoid cells and their differentiation from pro-B to immature-B cells showed no significant changes compared to the control group. Expression levels of RAG1 and RAG2 in B cells were also similar to those in the control group. Results indicate that 50 Hz magnetic field at 300 mT does not affect human B-cell early differentiation from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells.
Unknown authors · 2023
Researchers exposed zebrafish embryos to an 11.4 Tesla UHF from 6 to 24 hours post fertilization and assessed development over five days. No significant effects were observed on embryo mortality, hatching rate, body length, left-right patterning, or locomotor behavior. RNA sequencing revealed upregulation of TNF inflammatory factors and activation of TNF signaling pathways, which was confirmed by qPCR.
Unknown authors · 2023
Eighty rats were divided into four exposure groups and a control group, and the treatment groups were exposed to 50-Hz magnetic fields at 1, 100, 500, and 2000 μT for 2 hours daily over 60 days. All rats were immunized with human serum albumin on days 31, 44, and 58. AID expression significantly decreased at 1 μT, Bcl-6 expression did not change, and serum IL-6 increased only in the 500 μT group after immunization.
Unknown authors · 2022
Piszczek P et al. · 2022
Park H-J, Choi J-H, Nam M-H, Seo Y-K · 2022
Unknown authors · 2022
Researchers investigated the effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field exposure during gestational and lactational periods on immune system parameters in offspring. Significant changes were found in white blood cell and lymphocyte counts. CD4+ T cells were significantly increased in female offspring exposed to ELF-EMF, while other lymphocyte subpopulations did not change. IL-17A and IFN-γ levels increased in plasma and spleen, but IL-4 levels and IL-4 gene expression were unchanged. IL-17A gene expression was upregulated in the spleen.
Unknown authors · 2022
The review paper examines studies on the influence of electromagnetic fields on innate and acquired immune responses in humans, animal models, and in vitro models, and on immunity from COVID-19 infections associated with cell death. The review focuses on the effects of electromagnetic fields and the influence of oxidative stress on stimulation or immunomodulation. The review also focuses on the inflammatory response, autoimmunity, and the participation of intracellular calcium channels in COVID-19 immunology. Non-ionizing radiation can activate or reduce the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and the entry of intracellular calcium, and can facilitate or reduce cell death.
Unknown authors · 2022
Researchers exposed fruit flies to simulated 3.5 GHz radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation at intensities of 0.1, 1, and 10 W/m². Exposure increased early pupation and eclosion rates and shortened the mean development time. In larvae, heat shock protein and immune gene expression rose, oxidative stress enzymes increased, and microbial diversity fell while Acetobacter and Lactobacillus genera increased.
Unknown authors · 2021
The review examines government standards adopted for human exposures for their applicability to wildlife. It states that existing environmental laws such as the National Environmental Policy Act and the Migratory Bird Treaty Act should be strengthened and enforced, and new laws written for increasing EMF exposures. Radiofrequency radiation exposure standards warrant more stringent controls given 5G signaling characteristics, and no current standards take wildlife into consideration. Numerous studies indicate low-level EMF exposures have adverse effects on orientation, migration, reproduction, and other behaviors, and cyto- and geno-toxic effects have long been observed.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers screened 22 ELF-PEMFs and identified two fields, A and B, with similar fundamental frequencies but different pulse patterns that diversely affected macrophage function. Macrophages exposed to field A showed pro-inflammatory markers such as increased phospho-Stat1, CD86, ROS, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Macrophages exposed to field B showed anti-inflammatory and pro-healing markers including increased Arginase I, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors. Conditioned medium from field B-exposed macrophages enhanced stem cell migration more strongly than field A and stimulated extracellular matrix gene expression in stem cells.
Unknown authors · 2021
Researchers compared the impact of different EMF flux densities in human leukemic THP1 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy donors. ROS levels increased in THP1 cells stimulated with LPS after one hour of EMF exposure, weak EMF mitigated NAD(P)H depletion in THP1, and neither effect occurred in PBMC. Transcriptional analysis revealed elevation of anti-oxidative enzymes PRDX6 (2-fold) and DHCR24 (6-fold) in THP1, and a 6-fold increase in IL10 expression indicating anti-inflammatory effects. THP1 responded to weak EMF, while PBMC were primarily affected by strong EMF with severe cellular stress and enhanced apoptosis indicated by HSP70 and caspase 3.
Unknown authors · 2020
The review carried out in this study shows that electromagnetic radiation should be considered seriously as a complementary driver for the dramatic decline in insects, acting in synergy with agricultural intensification, pesticides, invasive species and climate change. Evidence for the effects of non-thermal microwave radiation on insects has been known for at least 50 years. The extent that anthropogenic electromagnetic radiation represents a significant threat to insect pollinators is unresolved and plausible. For these reasons, and taking into account the benefits they provide to nature and humankind, the precautionary principle should be applied before any new deployment (such 5G) is considered.
Unknown authors · 2020
Kostoff et al · 2020
The article identifies adverse effects of non-ionizing non-visible radiation reported in the premier biomedical literature. It emphasizes that most laboratory experiments are not designed to identify severe adverse effects reflective of real-life operating environments. The article presents evidence that 5G technology will have adverse systemic effects beyond skin and eyes.
Unknown authors · 2020
