Falzone N, Huyser C, Franken DR, Leszczynski D. · 2010
Researchers examined effects of mobile phone radiation on apoptosis-related properties in human spermatozoa. Ejaculated, density-purified, highly motile human spermatozoa were exposed to mobile phone radiation at specific absorption rates of 2.0 and 5.7 W/kg. Mobile phone radiation had no statistically significant effect on any of the parameters studied, including caspase 3 activity, externalization of phosphatidylserine, DNA strand breaks, and reactive oxygen species generation. This suggests that impairment of fertility reported in some studies was not caused by induction of apoptosis in spermatozoa.
Elliott P et al. · 2010
The study was a case-control study using cancer registry and national birth register data in Great Britain with 1397 cases aged 0-4 and 5588 controls matched by sex and date of birth. Mean distance from a macrocell base station, total power output within 700 m, and modelled power density at the birth address were similar for cases and controls. Adjusted odds ratios for all cancers were 1.01 (0.87-1.18) for intermediate and 1.02 (0.88-1.20) for highest modelled power density exposure, with no significant trends for brain and central nervous system cancers or leukaemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
McIntosh RL et al. · 2010
Researchers developed detailed anatomical mouse models with 49 tissues for finite difference numerical analysis. The pregnant mouse model with eight mature fetuses was used to assess RF dosimetry in a radial cavity system at 900 MHz and a 900 MHz plane wave exposure. Fetal SAR levels were around 14% lower than the dam's average and peak temperature increase was 45% lower.
Vrijheid M et al. · 2010
A birth cohort was established in Sabadell, Spain between 2004 and 2006. Mothers completed questions about cell phone use in week 32 of pregnancy (n = 587) and their children's neurodevelopment was tested at 14 months using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (n = 530). We observed only small differences in neurodevelopment scores between the offspring of cell phone users and nonusers. Those of users had higher mental development scores and lower psychomotor development scores, which may be due to unmeasured confounding, and there was no trend with amount of cell phone use within users.
Salama N, Kishimoto T, Kanayama HO, Kagawa S · 2010
Researchers randomly assigned 18 male rabbits to a phone group exposed to an 800 MHz mobile phone in standby for 8 hours daily over 12 weeks and a control group. Copulatory behavior was recorded with six female teasers, and serum testosterone, dopamine, and cortisol were measured. The phone group showed significantly more mounts without ejaculation, significantly fewer mounts with ejaculation, increased biting or grasping, longer mounting latency, and no significant hormone differences.
Salama N, Kishimoto T, Kanayama HO · 2010
Sperm concentration dropped significantly in the phone group by week 8 compared to both control groups. Motile sperm percentage declined significantly after week 10 in the phone and stress groups, with a greater decline in the phone group. Seminiferous tubule diameter was significantly smaller in the phone group than in either control group.
Meo SA, Al-Drees AM, Husain S, Khan MM, Imran MB · 2010
Researchers used 34 male Wistar albino rats divided into a control group and two groups exposed to mobile phone radiation for 30 or 60 minutes daily for three months. The 60-minute daily exposure group showed a significant decrease in serum testosterone compared to controls (p=0.028).
Fragopoulou AF, Koussoulakos SL, Margaritis LH. · 2010
Physically comparable pregnant mice were exposed to GSM 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation from a mobile phone. Within 5h after birth most pups were fixed and processed with double staining and paraffin histology, while other pups remained with their mothers until teeth eruption. Exposed newborns appeared normal externally, but histological examination revealed variations in cranial bone and rib ossification and displacement of Meckelian cartilage.
Chavdoula ED, Panagopoulos DJ, Margaritis LH. · 2010
Researchers exposed Drosophila melanogaster to GSM-900MHz radiation for 6 minutes daily to compare continuous and intermittent exposure effects on reproductive capacity and apoptotic cell death. Previous work showed 6-minute continuous daily exposure for five days greatly reduced reproductive capacity, measured by F1 pupae count, and this decrease was non-thermal and linked to increased DNA fragmentation in egg chamber cells. The current experiments found intermittent exposure also reduced reproductive capacity and disrupted the actin-cytoskeleton network of egg chambers, with the effect also due to DNA fragmentation. Intermittent exposures with 10-minute intervals were almost as effective as continuous exposure, while longer intervals allowed the flies to partly recover.
Akimoto S et al. · 2010
Researchers calculated SAR distribution in a fetus using a numerical model of a pregnant woman exposed to the near-field of a normal mode helical antenna at 150 MHz. Fetal SARs were greatly affected by the distance and penetration path from the antenna to the fetal surface and were lower than occupational RF safety guidelines.
Franzellitti S et al. · 2010
Researchers exposed human trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo cells to 1.8 GHz continuous wave and GSM signals for 4, 16, or 24 hours. The GSM-Talk signal used an intermittent pattern of 5 minutes on and 10 minutes off. The alkaline comet assay measured primary DNA damage and strand breaks from incomplete repair. Amplitude-modulated GSM-217 Hz and GSM-Talk signals significantly increased comet parameters after 16 and 24 hours, while continuous wave did not. DNA damage recovered within 2 hours after exposure ended, returning to sham-exposed levels.
Tomruk A, Guler G, Dincel AS. · 2010
Researchers exposed nonpregnant and pregnant New Zealand White rabbits to whole-body 1800 MHz GSM-like RF radiation for 15 minutes per day over one week. Liver 8-OHdG levels did not differ between exposed and control rabbits in either the adult or newborn groups. However, MDA and FOX levels were significantly higher in exposed adult rabbits, and FOX was also elevated in newborns of exposed mothers.
Reyes-Guerrero G et al. · 2010
Researchers studied the influence of ELF EMF on estrogen receptor-alpha and -beta mRNA expression in the olfactory bulb of adult female and male rats using RT-PCR. ELF EMF exerted a biphasic effect on female olfactory bulb ERβ mRNA expression, increasing it during diestrous and decreasing it during estrous. No influence of ELF EMF was observed on female olfactory bulb ERα mRNA expression. In male rats, ERα and ERβ mRNA expression levels did not vary with ELF EMF exposure.
Wang XW et al. · 2010
Panagopoulos DJ, Margaritis LH · 2010
Researchers exposed fruit flies to GSM 900 and DCS 1800 radiation for daily durations of 1 to 21 minutes. Reproductive capacity decreased almost linearly as exposure duration increased for both radiation types. GSM 900 radiation was slightly more bioactive than DCS 1800 radiation at the same exposure durations and equal intensities.
Panagopoulos DJ, Margaritis LH · 2010
Researchers examined whether the bioactivity windows for GSM 900 and 1800 MHz radiation depend on field intensity by measuring reproductive capacity in Drosophila melanogaster. They compared insects exposed at the window distances (30 cm for GSM 900, 20 cm for GSM 1800) to insects exposed closer (8 cm and 5 cm) behind a metal grid that shielded microwave and ELF fields while keeping intensities roughly equal. The decrease in reproductive capacity did not differ significantly between the two exposure groups. The bioactivity window seems to be due to the intensity of radiation-field (10 microW/cm(2), 0.6-0.7 V/m) at those distances.
Panagopoulos DJ, Chavdoula ED, Margaritis LH · 2010
Researchers exposed adult Drosophila melanogaster to GSM 900/1800 mobile phone antenna radiation at distances from 0 to 100 cm and measured reproductive capacity and cell death in the gonads using the TUNEL assay. The radiation decreased reproductive capacity by inducing cell death at all distances tested. The effect was strongest at 20-30 cm (radiation intensity around 10 microW/cm(2)), diminished considerably beyond 40-50 cm, and was not evident beyond 1 m or below 1 microW/cm(2).
Kawai H, Nagaoka T, Watanabe S, Saito K, Takahashi M, Ito K. · 2010
Researchers used computational models of pregnant women at 4 and 8 weeks of pregnancy to calculate the specific absorption rate (SAR) in embryos exposed to electromagnetic plane waves from 10 MHz to 1.5 GHz. The models had a 2 mm spatial resolution and represented a woman similar in height and weight to an average-sized Japanese adult female, with either a cubic 4-week or spheroidal 8-week embryo. The maximum average SAR in the embryos was lower than 0.08 W kg(-1) when the incident power density was at the ICNIRP reference level for the general public.
Grigoriev YG et al. · 2010
Researchers replicated earlier Soviet studies from 1974 to 1991 that had examined immunological and reproductive effects of long-term low-level radiofrequency exposure in rats. Wistar rats were exposed in the far field to 2450 MHz continuous wave RF fields at an incident power density of 5 W/m² for 7 hours per day, 5 days per week, for a total of 30 days, resulting in a whole-body SAR of 0.16 W/kg. The results partly confirmed the earlier findings and indicated possible effects from non-thermal RF exposure on autoimmune processes. A separate part of the study suggested possible adverse effects of blood serum from exposed rats on pregnancy and foetal development of intact rats, though the researchers noted that applying these results to exposure standards is limited.
Balmori A. · 2010
Researchers exposed eggs and tadpoles of the common frog (Rana temporaria) to electromagnetic radiation from mobile phone antennae located 140 meters away for two months, from the egg phase until an advanced tadpole phase. The exposed group of 70 tadpoles showed low coordination of movements, asynchronous growth, and 90% mortality. A control group of 70 tadpoles kept under the same conditions inside a Faraday cage showed normal movement coordination, synchronous development, and only 4.2% mortality. The researchers concluded that radiation from phone masts in a real situation may affect development and may cause an increase in mortality of exposed tadpoles.
Kesari KK, Kumar S, Behari J. · 2010
Researchers exposed male Wistar rats to mobile phone frequencies at 0.9 W/kg specific absorption rate for 2 hours per day over 35 days. A significant decrease in protein kinase C and total sperm count, along with increased apoptosis, were observed in the exposed rats. The results suggest that a reduction in protein kinase activity may be related to overproduction of reactive oxygen species under microwave field exposure.
Kesari KK, Behari J. · 2010
Sperm GPx and SOD activity showed a significant decrease in exposed rats, while catalase showed a significant increase compared with the control group. The percentage of apoptosis was higher in the exposed group, and significant decreases were found in the S phase and G2/M transition phase of the cell cycle. The researchers concluded that these radiations may have a significant effect on the reproductive system of male rats, which may be an indication of male infertility.
Guler G, Tomruk A, Ozgur E, Seyhan N. · 2010
Researchers investigated oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation levels in the brain tissue of pregnant and non-pregnant New Zealand White rabbits and their newborns exposed to radiofrequency radiation. The rabbits were exposed to radiofrequency radiation at 1800 MHz GSM at 14 V/m for 15 minutes per day over 7 days. MDA and 8-OHdG levels in exposed pregnant and non-pregnant rabbits were significantly increased compared to controls, but no difference was found in the newborns.
Unknown authors · 2009
Unknown authors · 2009
Researchers analyzed the effects of a 50 Hz extra-low frequency electromagnetic field on in vitro rabbit spermatozoa motility and fertilization rates after insemination. Pooled semen samples and a control were exposed to the 50 Hz ELF EMF. Spermatozoa motility in test groups G1 and G2 differed significantly from the control group (75.56%) with P < 0.01. Curvilinear velocity (VCL) differed significantly between test group G3 (122.38 µm/s) and the control group (112.02 µm/s) (P < 0.01). Hormonally stimulated adult females (n = 140) were inseminated with exposed semen samples, and the kindling rate for group G2 was 54.28%.
