6,486 Studies Reviewed. 85.2% of Original Studies Found Biological Effects. The Evidence is Clear.

EMF Research Studies

Browse 6,486 peer-reviewed studies on electromagnetic field health effects from 4 research libraries.

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Showing 2,816 studies in Whole Body / General

Whole Body / GeneralNo Effects Found

Exposure of Bacteria to 2450 MHz Microwave Radiation

P. E. Hamrick, B. T. Butler · 1973

Researchers exposed four strains of Escherichia coli and one strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to continuous 2450 MHz microwave radiation for 12 hours at 60 mW/cm². The microwave power was adjusted so that the media temperature was held at 37 ± 0.5°C. Growth curves of exposed and control bacteria were compared and found to be the same within experimental error. At an absorbed dose of 259 mW/cm² with additional cooling to keep the temperature at 37°C, no difference in growth curves was detected. At an absorbed power of 450 mW/cm² with cooling, growth curves of exposed and control bacteria again showed no appreciable difference.

Mathematics of Interaction Between Blood and Electromagnetic Fields

Abul Rashid · 1973

The author reviews electromagnetic energy effects on human systems and proposes blood-electromagnetic interaction as the basic mechanism for unexplained effects. Equations are also presented relating the change in velocity, density, pressure and temperature of blood when it is exposed to electromagnetic fields. The author notes that no attempt was made to solve the equations and that experimental validation is needed.

Caloric Vestibular Stimulation via UHF-Microwave Irradiation

Robert M. Lebovitz · 1973

The paper proposes that absorbed microwave radiation creates thermal gradients in the semicircular canals, producing convective torque that mimics natural vestibular simulation. The analysis derives a detection threshold of 35 mW/cm², which may be significantly lower when resonance absorption occurs in small heads. Nystagmus onset is predicted at incident power densities between 100 and 400 mW/cm² depending on intracranial absorption patterns.

Physiological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields in the ELF Region II. A Review

W. Ludwig, M. A. Persinger, K.-P. Ossenkopp · 1973

Researchers exposed rats prenatally to a 0.5 Hz, 0.5—30 gauss rotating magnetic field and observed behavioral and physiological changes. Prenatally exposed rats showed less ambulatory behavior and greater defecation in an open field test. In a free-operant avoidance task, exposed rats pressed the lever significantly less but received similar numbers of shocks as controls. Exposed rats also had significantly increased relative thyroid and testicle weights, with no changes in blood sugar or eosinophil counts.

Microwave Dielectric Properties of Grain and Seed

Stuart O. Nelson · 1973

The study measured the dielectric constant and loss factor of bulk wheat samples at 1, 2.44, and 5.54 GHz. For hard red winter wheat, both properties increased almost linearly with moisture content from 6% to 21%. The dielectric constant decreased with frequency, more at higher moisture, while the loss factor showed little frequency dependence but tended to increase at high moisture.

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