Bhagat S, Varshney S, Bist SS, Goel D, Mishra S, Jha VK · 2016
Each participant's phone-using ear was compared to the non-phone-using ear, and subjects were grouped by daily use duration of 60 minutes or less versus more than 60 minutes. No statistically significant differences were found in high-frequency pure-tone averages or brainstem evoked response audiometry interpeak latencies between phone-using and control ears, and no subjective symptoms were reported.
Zhang G et al. · 2016
The study screened 794 young men in 2013 and followed 666 and 568 participants in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Univariate regression showed that daily talking duration on a cell phone was significantly associated with lower sperm concentration and total sperm count in 2013, and with lower semen volume and total sperm count in 2015. Internet use via cellular networks was associated with decreased sperm concentration and total sperm counts in 2013 and decreased semen volume in 2015, and these associations remained significant after multivariate adjustment for confounders.
Waldmann-Selsam C et al. · 2016
A long-term field monitoring study from 2006 to 2015 in Bamberg and Hallstadt, Germany, included 144 radiofrequency measurements at 1.5m height in streets and parks. Researchers selected 60 damaged trees, 30 randomly selected trees, and 30 trees in low-radiation areas. Measurements revealed significant differences in power flux density between the damaged side facing a phone mast and the opposite side, and between the exposed side of damaged trees and all other groups. Trees in low-radiation areas with no visual contact to phone masts and power flux density under 50μW/m2 showed no damage.
Singh K et al. · 2016
The study aimed to compare health complaints and salivary flow rates between populations living near and far from mobile phone base stations in Jaipur, India. Sleep disturbances were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and other health problems were recorded via questionnaire. A majority of residents near the base stations reported sleep disturbances, headache, dizziness, irritability, concentration difficulties, and hypertension. Stimulated salivary secretion was significantly lower in the exposed group compared to controls (P < 0.01). The authors concluded that prolonged exposure effects cannot be ruled out and further studies are warranted.
Shekoohi Shooli F et al. · 2016
In this study 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups of ten. The control group received no radiation, the sham group was exposed to a switched-off jammer, and the exposure group was placed 50 cm from the jammer after a 12-hour fast. A statistically significant difference was observed between the control and exposure groups at 24, 48, and 72 hours (p <0.001, <0.001, and 0.002), while no significant difference was found between control and sham groups.
Pfützner, H · 2016
The author argues that classical polarization theory provides a conventional interpretation for previously unclarified effects, their low reproducibility, and low intensity. A consistent interpretation based on temperature increase at nanometer-sized molecular compounds is proposed to favor interdisciplinary discussions on safety regulations. The concept assumes that hot spots contain even hotter nano spots on a molecular level according to γ-relaxation mechanisms, within a heterogeneous system of water molecules and larger functional molecules.
El-Gohary OA, Said MA. · 2016
Rats were randomly divided into six groups including controls, vitamin D only, EMF 1 h/day, EMF 2 h/day, and combined EMF and vitamin D groups. After 30 days of exposure, 1 h/day EMF significantly decreased immunoglobulin levels (IgA, IgE, IgM, IgG) and total leukocyte, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and basophil counts, while significantly increasing neutrophil and monocyte counts. The changes were more pronounced in rats exposed to 2 h/day EMF. Vitamin D supplementation reversed these immune alterations in EMF-exposed rats. Shorter exposures of 7, 14, and 21 days produced no significant differences among groups.
Ekici B, Tanındı A, Ekici G, Diker E. · 2016
The study included one hundred forty-eight healthy individuals who had used mobile phones for over 10 years and underwent 24-hour ambulatory ECG monitoring. Participants were divided into four groups based on daily mobile phone use: no use, less than 30 minutes, 30 to 60 minutes, and more than 60 minutes per day. The LF/HF ratio was higher and SDNN, SDANN, RMSSD, and pNN50 were lower in the mobile phone use groups compared to the control group, while heart rate, VLF, and total power did not differ significantly.
Chapman S, Azizi L, Luo Q, Sitas F. · 2016
Researchers examined age and gender specific brain cancer incidence rates for 19,858 males and 14,222 females diagnosed in Australia between 1982 and 2012 alongside mobile phone usage data from 1987 to 2012. Age-adjusted brain cancer incidence rates were stable in females and rose slightly in males over the 30-year period. Modelled expected rates assuming a causal relative risk of 1.5 with a 10-year lag were substantially higher than observed rates in 2012, with 1434 cases observed versus 1867 expected. Significant increases in incidence were seen only in people aged 70 years and older, and this increase began in 1982 before mobile phones were introduced.
Buckus R, Strukcinskiene B, Raistenskis J, Stukas R. · 2016
The highest electric field strength was found around the ear, where the phone is located. The field strength decreased exponentially moving away from the ear and constituted 1-12% of the artificial head's surface. Higher power, higher SAR, and lower frequency were associated with the highest electric field strength values. The software COMSOL Multiphysics was used to model the electric field strength around the head.
Banerjee S, Singh NN, Sreedhar G, Mukherjee S. · 2016
The study explored the effects of mobile phone radiation on micronucleus frequency in oral mucosal cells. Subjects were divided into low users (less than five years and less than three hours per week) and high users (more than five years and more than 10 hours per week). High mobile phone users showed a significantly increased number of micronucleated cells per 1000 exfoliated buccal mucosal cells compared to low users. The use of mobile phones with warmth around the ear showed the maximum increase in micronucleated cells. Mobile phone radiation even in the permissible range when used for longer duration causes significant genotoxicity, and the genotoxicity can be avoided to some extent by the regular use of headphones.
Al-Qahtani K. · 2016
The study investigated the association between cellular phone use and parotid gland tumor risk using a hospital-based retrospective case-control design. The study enrolled 26 patients with parotid gland tumors and 61 healthy controls from a tertiary hospital between January 1996 and March 2013. The odds of cellular phone exposure were 3.47 times higher among patients than controls, with a 95% confidence interval of 1.3 to 9.23, indicating statistical significance at the 5% level. An association was observed between cellular phone use for more than one hour daily and parotid tumors, but the authors cautioned that the small sample size limits interpretation.
Akdag MZ et al. · 2016
The study used 16 adult male Wistar-Albino rats, with 8 exposed to 2.4 GHz radiation for over a year and 8 sham-exposed. DNA damage in brain, liver, kidney, skin, and testicular tissues was measured using the comet assay as percentage tail DNA. Percentage tail DNA increased in brain, kidney, liver, and skin of exposed rats but the increases were not statistically significant. In contrast, DNA damage in testicular tissue increased significantly (p < 0.01). The authors concluded that long-term 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi exposure does not cause DNA damage in the examined organs except testes, which appear more sensitive.
Fatma M. Ghoneim, Eetmad A. Arafat. · 2016
Lai HC, Chan HW, Singh NP · 2016
Researchers exposed three human cancer cell lines to RFID microchip-emitted radiofrequency field for one hour. The radiofrequency energy effectively killed or retarded the growth of all three cancer cell types. The effect was blocked by pretreatment with a spin-trap compound or an iron chelator. An inactive microchip and external energy source had no significant effect on the cells.
Yang L, Chen Q, Lv B, Wu T · 2016
Researchers evaluated changes in EEG due to LTE EMF exposure. Exposure reduced spectral power and interhemispheric coherence in the alpha and beta bands of frontal and temporal brain regions. No significant change was observed in spectral power and interhemispheric coherence across different timeslots during and after exposure.
Çeliker M et al. · 2016
Fourteen adult Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into two groups of seven, with the study group exposed continuously for 30 days to a 2100 MHz GSM-like electromagnetic field at 5.4 dBm (3.47 mW) to simulate mobile phone talk mode. Auditory brainstem responses recorded after 30 days did not differ significantly between exposed and control rats. Histopathologic analysis showed increased degeneration signs in the exposed group (p = 0.007), and immunohistochemical analysis revealed an increased apoptotic index (p = 0.002).
Tanvir S et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed human CPR to 1966-MHz RF for 60 minutes using a TEM cell in an incubator at a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 5W·kg(-1). The Michaelis Menten constant (Km) and maximum initial velocity (Vmax) decreased by 22% compared with controls. Conformational changes were detected via fluorescent spectroscopy of flavin and tryptophan residues and investigated with circular dichroism, dynamic light scattering, and microelectrophoresis.
Shahbazi-Gahrouei D, Hashemi-Beni B, Ahmadi Z. · 2016
Researchers exposed human adipose-derived stem cells to GSM 900 MHz radiation at 354.6 µW/cm2 for 6 to 21 minutes per day over 5 days at 20 cm distance. Cell proliferation was measured using MTT assay and cell viability with trypan blue test. Proliferation rates were significantly lower in all exposure groups compared to controls except for the 6 minutes per day group. The authors concluded that 900 MHz RF radiation can reduce cell viability and proliferation rates depending on exposure duration.
Mina D et al. · 2016
The study investigated the effects of radiofrequency EMR from a DECT base on the immune responses of the Aegean wall lizard. Adult male lizards were exposed 24 h/day for 8 weeks to 1880-1900 MHz DECT base radiation at an average electric field intensity of 3.2 V/m. Inflammatory responses were suppressed by approximately 45% in exposed lizards compared to sham-exposed animals. T cell-mediated responses were marginally affected. Immune reactivity was assessed using the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin swelling and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) tests.
Gläser K et al. · 2016
Researchers irradiated human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) and HL-60 cells at GSM (900 MHz), UMTS (1,950 MHz), and LTE (2,535 MHz) frequencies, at intensities ranging from 0 to 4 W/kg SAR, for short and long exposure periods. Studied endpoints included apoptosis, oxidative stress, cell cycle, DNA damage, and DNA repair. In all but one endpoint, no clear effect of mobile phone radiation was detected; the only alteration was a small but statistically significant decrease in DNA damage in HSC exposed to GSM modulation for 4 hours.
Bouji M, Lecomte A, Gamez C, Blazy K, Villégier AS. · 2016
Researchers exposed aged (22–24 months) and young (4–6 months) adult male rats to head RF-EMF exposures at 900 MHz, with a specific absorption rate of 6 W/kg, for 45 minutes per day for 1 month. Aged rats showed deficits in spatial learning, exploration, anxiety-related behaviors, and increased hippocampal ILs and cortical IL-1β. The senescence-typical neurobiological deficits were not modified by RF-EMF exposures, and the study did not support the hypothesis of a specific cerebral vulnerability to RF-EMF during senescence. RF-EMF-exposed rats, with young and aged adults pooled, had decreased anxiety-related behaviors in the elevated plus maze.
Bhatt CR, Redmayne M, Billah B, Abramson MJ, Benke G. · 2016
Researchers measured radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposures in kindergarten children in Melbourne, Australia. Measurements covered 16 frequency bands between 88 MHz and 5.8 GHz. The median environmental exposure across all bands was 179 mV/m, while the median personal exposure across all bands was 81 mV/m.
Falone S et al. · 2016
Researchers investigated whether hyperproliferation induced by a 50 Hz, 1 mT ELF magnetic field in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells is supported by improved defense against methylglyoxal and by rewiring of energy metabolism. The ELF magnetic field interfered with the biology of these malignant cells by further de-differentiating the cellular phenotype and increasing proliferative activity. The magnetic field also triggered cytoprotective mechanisms, including enhanced defense against methylglyoxal and more efficient management of metabolic energy, presumably to support rapid cell outgrowth.
Calabrò E. · 2016
Researchers exposed human SH-SY5Y neuronal-like cells to a 50 Hz magnetic field and examined protein changes using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. After exposure, the vibration bands of the methylene group increased significantly, and a significant shift to low energies of the Amide I band was observed. An increase in the intensity of parallel and antiparallel β-sheet structures relative to the α-helix component was also observed after exposure. The authors interpreted these results as suggesting that both protein aggregation and increased hydrogen bonding occurred in the exposed neuronal-like cells.
