Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers developed an anatomical voxel model of an 89 kg woman at 30 weeks pregnancy to study low frequency field exposure. They calculated intracorporal electric current density distributions from homogeneous 50 Hz electric and magnetic fields and compared them to ICNIRP basic restrictions. The basic restriction was met in the mother's central nervous system at reference level exposure. However, the basic restriction was considerably exceeded in the fetus. The authors suggest revision of reference levels might be necessary.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers investigated 196 homes from the UK Childhood Cancer Study, including 102 with estimated exposures above 0.2 microT and 21 above 0.4 microT. Surveys were conducted outside all 196 properties and indoor assessments were completed in 19 homes where consent was obtained. Low-voltage sources linked to net currents in circuits inside or around the home were the main contributors to elevated exposures.
Unknown authors · 2007
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers conducted a meta-analysis comparing CTPA and MRA for diagnosing pulmonary embolism. The search included PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases for English full-text articles. MRA showed a high positive predictive value of 94.7% for pulmonary embolism compared with CTPA. Some analyses indicated MRA has low specificity. CTPA remains the gold standard, with MRA as a secondary test when CTPA is contraindicated.
Unknown authors · 2007
Researchers conducted a case-control study using 4,723 cases from the Northern Region Young Persons' Malignant Disease Registry matched to controls from two independent sources. An increased risk of leukemia was observed in offspring of men in occupations likely associated with EMF or radiation exposure (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.02–1.69), with a stronger association in males under six years (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.19–2.75). Increased risks were also seen for chondrosarcoma (OR 8.7, 95% CI 1.55–49.4) and renal carcinoma (OR 6.75, 95% CI 1.73–26.0), and associations were consistent between control groups and remained after adjustment for socio-economic status.
Unknown authors · 2007
Unknown authors · 2007
Straume A, Johnsson A, Oftedal G, Wilén J · 2007
Researchers compared the frequency spectrum of magnetic flux density measured near a mobile phone with the frequency spectrum of the supply current in the range 217 Hz to 2.4 kHz. Similar measurements were done for an electric drill, a hair dryer, and a fluorescent desk lamp. The two measurement methods gave different frequency distributions, with current measurements overestimating mobile phone exposure by up to 2.2 times and underestimating the other devices' exposure by up to 2.3 times. The researchers concluded that accurate exposure evaluation requires direct measurement of the magnetic flux density spectrum. There was no indication that the devices would exceed reference levels at normal working distances.
Schmid G et al. · 2007
A numerical model of the human middle and inner ear was developed at 0.1 mm resolution based on a real human tissue sample. The model was inserted into a commercial head model and FDTD computations were run for handheld device exposures from 400 to 3700 MHz. Highest absorption occurred at 400 MHz with 166 microW in the labyrinth and 12 microW in the vestibulocochlear nerve for a 500 mW device. For typical mobile phone frequencies (900 MHz and 1850 MHz) and output power values (250 mW and 125 mW), absorbed RF power was more than one order of magnitude lower than the values given above. The researchers concluded that temperature-related biologically relevant effects from typical handheld devices are unlikely.
Schmid G et al. · 2007
Researchers measured the dielectric properties of 20 freshly removed human pineal glands less than 20 hours after death. They developed a high-resolution numerical model of the brain region around the pineal gland based on a real human tissue sample. FDTD computations were performed for handheld device exposures close to the head at 400-1850 MHz. The highest absorption was at 400 MHz with 11 microW absorbed in a 96 mg gland from a 500 mW device. At 900 MHz and 1850 MHz, absorption was lower by factors of 4.2 and 36 respectively.
Sanchez et al. · 2007
The study investigated heat-shock protein expression and apoptosis in human primary keratinocytes and fibroblasts. The exposure used a GSM-1800 signal at 1800 MHz with 217 Hz modulation for 48 hours at an SAR of 2 W/kg. The GSM-1800 exposure produced no effect on either cell type, while UVB radiation and heat shock injured cells. The authors concluded that the GSM-1800 signal does not act as a stress factor on human primary skin cells in vitro.
Ribeiro EP, Rhoden EL, Horn MM, Rhoden C, Lima LP, Toniolo L · 2007
Researchers randomly divided 16 male Wistar rats into experimental and control groups; the experimental group was exposed to GSM radiofrequency (1,835–1,850 MHz) for 1 hour daily over 11 weeks. They measured rectal temperature, testicular and epididymal weight, lipid peroxidation, serum testosterone, sperm count, and histopathological endpoints. No statistically significant differences were found between exposed and control groups in any measured endpoint.
Parazzini M et al. · 2007
The GUARD project involved nine European centers and aimed to assess potential changes in auditory function from low-intensity EMFs produced by GSM cellular phones. Participants were healthy young adults without any evidence of hearing or ear disorders. Auditory function was assessed immediately before and after EMF exposure using hearing threshold level, transient otoacoustic emissions, distortion product otoacoustic emissions, and auditory brainstem response. The study used a double-blind design with genuine and sham exposures separated by at least 24 hours. Exposure consisted of speech at a typical conversational level delivered via an earphone to one ear, plus genuine or sham EMF exposure from a consumer cellular phone at full power for 10 min.
Paglialonga A et al. · 2007
Oftedal G, Straume A, Johnsson A, Stovner L · 2007
Seventeen eligible individuals who experienced symptoms in an open provocation test took part in a double-blind, randomized provocation study with cross-over design. Sixty-five pairs of sham and mobile phone RF exposures were conducted. The increase in pain or discomfort on visual analogue scales was 10.1 in RF sessions and 12.6 in sham sessions (P=0.30). Changes in heart rate or blood pressure were not related to the type of exposure (P: 0.30-0.88). The study gave no evidence that RF fields from mobile phones may cause head pain or discomfort or influence physiological variables.
Kan P, Simonsen SE, Lyon JL, Kestle JR. · 2007
Researchers conducted a meta-analysis of nine case-control studies with 5,259 brain tumor cases and 12,074 controls to examine cellular phone use and brain tumor risk. The pooled analysis showed an overall odds ratio of 0.90 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.81 to 0.99 for cellular phone use and brain tumor development. For long-term users of ten years or more, the pooled odds ratio was 1.25 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.01 to 1.54 based on five studies. No increased risk was observed for analog or digital cellular phone users.
Hardell L et al. · 2007
A case-control study investigated the risk of testicular cancer in relation to use of cellular and cordless telephones. The analysis included 542 seminoma cases, 346 non-seminoma cases, and 870 controls. For seminoma, odds ratios were 1.2 for analog phones, 1.3 for digital phones, and 1.1 for cordless phones. For non-seminoma, odds ratios were 0.7 for analog phones, 0.9 for digital phones, and 1.0 for cordless phones. There was no dose-response effect and odds ratios did not increase with latency time.
Eltiti S et al. · 2007
Fifty-six self-reported sensitive and 120 control participants were tested in an open provocation test, of which 12 sensitive and 6 controls withdrew after the first session, and the remainder completed a series of double-blind tests. During the open provocation, sensitive individuals reported lower levels of well-being in both GSM and UMTS compared with sham exposure, whereas controls reported more symptoms during the UMTS exposure. During double-blind tests the GSM signal did not have any effect on either group. Sensitive participants reported elevated levels of arousal during the UMTS condition, whereas the number or severity of symptoms experienced did not increase. Physiological measures did not differ across the three exposure conditions for either group.
Davidson HC, Lutman ME. · 2007
Researchers distributed questionnaires to University of Southampton postgraduates and analyzed 117 out of 160 returned surveys. Ninety-four percent of respondents were current mobile phone users, and only two percent had never used a mobile phone. High or long-term users reported no worse hearing, tinnitus, or balance than low or short-term users.
Chauhan V et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed human-derived cell lines TK6, HL60, and Mono-Mac-6 to intermittent 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated RF fields for 6 hours at SARs of 0, 1, and 10 W/kg. Cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle kinetics were measured immediately after exposure and 18 hours later. Cytokine expression (TNFA, IL1B, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL12) was also assessed. No detectable changes in cell viability, cell cycle kinetics, apoptosis, or cytokine expression were observed in any exposed group compared to sham controls. The positive heat-shock control showed decreased viability, increased apoptosis, and a G(2)/M cell cycle block.
Chauhan V et al. · 2007
Researchers examined the effect of RF field exposure on late onset gene expression in U87MG cells after a 24 h exposure period. A human monocyte-derived cell line (MM6) was exposed to intermittent RF fields for 6 h and gene expression was assessed immediately and at 18 h postexposure. Both cell lines were exposed to 1.9 GHz pulse-modulated RF fields for 6 or 24 h at SARs of 0.1-10.0 W/kg. The study found no evidence that nonthermal RF field exposure altered gene expression in either U87MG or MM6 cells relative to nonirradiated controls. Heat shock at 43°C for 1 h altered the expression of well-characterized heat-shock proteins in both cell lines.
Glover PM, Eldeghaidy S, Mistry TR, Gowland PA. · 2007
Researchers used an MRI gradient coil to produce a time-varying magnetic field of 0.5 kHz and peak field of approximately 8.7 T/s in the human brain. Visual evoked potentials were recorded from occipital sites O1 and O2 in response to a checkerboard stimulus before, during, and after a 10-minute exposure period in seven subjects. No significant effects were found on the peak amplitude or latency of the VEP P100 responses at O1 and O2.
Canseven AG, Keskil ZA, Keskil S, Seyhan N. · 2007
Researchers tested whether a 50 Hz, 0.2 mT magnetic field given before or after drug administration affected seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol in mice. The magnetic field was generated by a pair of Helmholtz coils and seizures were induced by intraperitoneal injection of pentylenetetrazol at 60 mg/kg. Forty-eight adult female mice were used and latency to seizure, total seizure duration, and mortality were recorded. Neither pre- nor post-drug magnetic field exposure had any effect on seizures or mortality rates.
Terao Y et al. · 2007
Researchers used a double-blind, counterbalanced crossover design with 10 normal subjects to test saccade performance before and after 30 minutes of mobile phone EMF exposure or sham exposure. They also measured hand reaction time to a visual signal. Saccade task parameters were unchanged after real or sham exposure, except for VGS and MGS latencies which also did not differ between exposure conditions. Hand reaction time shortened with repeated trials similarly for both exposures. The authors concluded that 30 minutes of mobile phone exposure has no significant short-term effect on saccade performance.
Stefanics G et al. · 2007
Each participant underwent a 10-minute exposure to 900 MHz pulsed EMF from a commercial Nokia 6310 mobile phone. Fifteen participants received genuine EMF exposure and fifteen received sham exposure in a double-blind, counterbalanced order. No significant differences were found in the latency of ABR waves I, III, and V before and after either genuine or sham exposure. The authors suggest that, in their experimental conditions, a single 10-minute exposure to 900 MHz EMF from a commercial mobile phone does not produce measurable immediate effects on the latency of auditory brainstem waves I, III and V.
