El Kholy SE, El Husseiny EM. · 2012
Researchers exposed fruit flies to electromagnetic fields from four electrical devices and measured fecundity, learning, memory, movement speed, and whole-body proteins. Adult fecundity showed no significant change, while larval learning and memory were altered, particularly after mobile phone exposure.
Celikozlu SD et al. · 2012
Researchers exposed rats to magnetic fields via cell phones during prenatal and postnatal periods until the rats were 80 days old. The study measured blood parameters and neurons in the brain of rats. Magnetic field exposure decreased pyramidal neuron numbers 51.15% and increased ischemic neuron numbers 73% at the cortex region of the brain. In the hippocampus, magnetic fields increased the amount of ischemic neurons three-fold compared to the control, while hippocampal pyramidal cell numbers were not affected.
Carlberg M, Hardell L. · 2012
Researchers conducted two case-control studies on brain tumours diagnosed from 1997 to 2003, including living cases and controls aged 20 to 80 and an additional study on deceased cases. Pooled results showed ipsilateral mobile phone use for more than 10 years gave an odds ratio of 2.9 (95% CI 1.8-4.7) and cordless phone use gave an odds ratio of 3.8 (95% CI 1.8-8.1), and the odds ratio increased significantly with each 100 hours of cumulative wireless phone use and each year of latency. High-grade glioma showed ipsilateral mobile phone OR 3.9 (95% CI 2.3-6.6) and cordless phone OR 5.5 (95% CI 2.3-13); heredity gave OR 3.4 (95% CI 2.1-5.5) with no interaction, and head X-ray gave OR 1.3 (95% CI 1.1-1.7) without interaction.
Bortkiewicz A, Gadzicka E, Szymczak W, Zmyślony M. · 2012
Heart rate was higher in exposed groups than in controls. Both exposed groups showed significantly higher VLF and LF values than controls and exhibited sympathetic dominance with LF/HF ratio of 1.3 ± 0.35. The authors concluded that radiofrequency EMF exposure may affect neurovegetative regulation.
Bortkiewicz A et al. · 2012
The study surveyed 181 men and 319 women from 500 households in five regions of Łódź, measuring electric fields in flats near base stations. Electric field strength above 0.8 V/m was found in 12 % of flats, and no significant correlation was observed between field strength and distance from the base stations. Headache was reported by 57 % of participants, most often by those living 100–150 m from a base station (p=0.013), while impaired memory was reported by 24.4 % of participants, mainly by those living farther than 150 m (p=0.004). The authors noted that the lack of correlation between measured electric field strength and symptoms, contrasted with distance-related symptom patterns, suggests new exposure metrics may be needed.
Baliatsas C, Van Kamp I, Lebret E, Rubin GJ. · 2012
Asbridge M, Brubacher JR · 2012
The study compared 312 drivers in crashes with police-reported cell phone use to 936 propensity-matched drivers without cell phone use. Cell phone use was associated with an odds ratio of 1.70 for crash culpability. The association remained after adjustment for matching variables and other covariates. Subgroup analyses showed the association for male drivers, unimpaired drivers, injured and non-injured drivers, and drivers aged 26 to 65 years.
Martínez-Sámano J et al. · 2012
Researchers arranged male Wistar rats into four groups: control, EMF exposed, movement restrained, and EMF plus movement restraint for two hours. Acute EMF exposure reduced catalase and superoxide dismutase activities in the brain. Acute EMF exposure did not elevate plasma corticosterone but impaired antioxidant status in the brain.
Cho H, Seo YK, Yoon HH, Kim SC, Kim SM, Song KY, Park JK. · 2012
Researchers exposed human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields for 12 days. The exposure inhibited cell growth and changed gene expression levels. The neural stem cell marker nestin decreased while neural cell markers MAP2, NEUROD1, NF-L, and Tau increased. Immunofluorescence confirmed neural cell protein expression including oligodendrocyte marker O4 and astrocyte marker GFAP.
Vecchio F et al. · 2012
Eyes-closed resting EEG data were recorded in ten patients affected by focal epilepsy in real and sham exposure conditions and compared with 15 age-matched normal subjects from previous reference studies. The GSM device was turned on for 45 minutes in the GSM condition and off for 45 minutes in the sham condition, with the phone always on the left side. Spectral coherence evaluated inter-hemispheric synchronization across delta, theta, and alpha sub-bands. Compared with controls, epileptic patients showed significantly higher inter-hemispheric coherence of temporal and frontal alpha rhythms in the GSM condition versus sham. The authors suggest that GSM electromagnetic fields may affect inter-hemispheric alpha synchronization in epileptic patients.
Vecchio F et al. · 2012
Eleven healthy adults underwent two EEG sessions one week apart in a crossover, placebo-controlled, double-blind paradigm. In each session, participants performed a visual go/no-go task before the real GSM exposure or after the sham condition. During the real GSM session, the temporal cortex was continuously exposed to GSM-EMFs for 45 min. High-frequency alpha rhythm power decrease was reduced and reaction times to go stimuli were faster after GSM exposure compared to before.
Jing J, Yuhua Z, Xiao-qian Y, Rongping J, Dong-mei G, Xi C. · 2012
Thirty-two pregnant rats were divided into four groups, with three groups receiving microwave radiation for 10, 30, or 60 minutes three times daily from the first day of pregnancy for 20 days. In the 30-minute and 60-minute exposure groups, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase decreased while malondialdehyde increased compared with controls. Noradrenaline and dopamine levels increased in the 10-minute exposure group but decreased in the 60-minute exposure group. The authors concluded that prenatal microwave radiation from cellular phones has certain harm on fetal rat brains.
Divan HA, Kheifets L, Obel C, Olsen J · 2012
Researchers analyzed a new dataset of DNBC children to see if a larger group would produce similar results after considering additional confounders. The highest odds ratio for behavioral problems was observed in children with both prenatal and postnatal cell phone exposure compared to unexposed children, with an adjusted effect estimate of 1.5 (95% CI 1.4 to 1.7). The findings replicated earlier results showing an association between cell phone use and behavioral problems at age 7 years, not limited to early users. Although the association was weaker in the new dataset, it remained after further control for an extended set of potential confounders.
Arendash GW et al. · 2012
The treatment reversed the very advanced brain β-amyloid aggregation/deposition in the transgenic mice. Both transgenic and normal mice showed increased general memory performance in the Y-maze, while brain temperature did not rise during exposure.
Terro F et al. · 2012
Researchers exposed cultured cerebral cortical cells to GSM-900MHz at 0.25W/kg for 24 h using a wire-patch cell. Exposure caused a ~0.5°C temperature rise but did not induce apoptosis. HSC70 increased by 26% and HSP90 decreased slightly (<10%). α-synuclein decreased by 24% without changes in active lysosome localization, indicating independence from CMA. Similar effects were seen when cells were incubated at 37.5°C, suggesting the changes were due to temperature rise.
Qin F et al. · 2012
Kesari KK, Kumar S, Behari J. · 2012
Researchers exposed Wistar rats to 2.45 GHz frequency microwave radiation for 2 h a day for 45 days, with a whole body specific absorption rate estimated to be 0.14 W/kg. Pineal melatonin levels were significantly lower in the exposed group compared with the sham-exposed group. Creatine kinase, caspase 3, and calcium ion concentration were all significantly higher in the whole brain of the exposed animals.
Avci B, Akar A, Bilgici B, Tunçel ÖK · 2012
Researchers divided 66 albino Wistar rats into three groups to study oxidative damage from radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation and whether garlic extract could protect against it. After radiofrequency exposure, advanced oxidation protein product levels in brain tissue increased compared with the control group. Garlic administration alongside radiofrequency exposure significantly reduced those protein oxidation levels in brain tissue. No significant differences were found among the groups for malondialdehyde levels in brain tissue and blood, or for serum paraoxonase levels.
Pilla AA · 2012
Researchers tested how a non-thermal pulse-modulated RF signal affected nitric oxide release in dopaminergic MN9D neuronal cells challenged with lipopolysaccharides and in human fibroblast cultures challenged with low serum. In dopaminergic MN9D cultures, the signal produced an immediate nearly three-fold increase in nitric oxide, measured in real-time using a nitric oxide selective membrane electrode. In human fibroblast cultures challenged with low serum and exposed for 15 minutes to the same signal, nitric oxide increased nearly two-fold, and this increase could be blocked by the calmodulin antagonist W-7.
Tasset I et al. · 2012
Researchers investigated the neuroprotective effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELFEF) in a rat model of Huntington's disease induced by 3-nitropropionic acid (3NP). Rats were given 3NP over four consecutive days at 20 mg/kg body weight, and ELFEF at 60 Hz and 0.7 mT was applied over 21 days, starting after the last injection. Rats treated with 3NP showed significant differences in behavior, neurotrophic factor levels, oxidative stress biomarkers, and reduced neuronal density compared with neuronal controls. ELFEF improved neurological scores, enhanced neurotrophic factor levels, and reduced both oxidative damage and neuronal loss in 3NP-treated rats.
Shafiei SA et al. · 2012
Researchers exposed different parts of the brain to extremely low-frequency magnetic fields locally and investigated EEG power spectrum changes at the frequency of stimulation. EEG relative power spectrum was evaluated at 3, 5, 10, 17, and 45 Hz frequencies at T4, T3, F3, Cz, and F4 points, when those points were exposed to magnetic fields at similar frequencies and 100 μT intensity. EEG power did not change significantly at the frequency of stimulation, but significant changes were observed in different EEG bands.
Sakhnini L, Al Ali H, Al Qassab N, Al Arab E, Kamal A. · 2012
Researchers investigated the possible effect of ELF-EMFs on motor performance in prenatal and neonatal exposed mice. Motor performance was evaluated using rotarod experiments after 5 days of subacute exposure. Prenatal exposed groups showed a pronounced deficit in learning abilities, but no pronounced effect was observed for the neonatal exposed group.
Rageh MM, El-Gebaly RH, El-Bialy NS. · 2012
Researchers exposed newborn rats continuously to a 50 Hz, 0.5 mT extremely low-frequency magnetic field for 30 days, starting when the rats were 10 days old. DNA damage in brain cells, measured by comet assay, was significantly higher in the exposed group. Exposure was associated with a significant four-fold increase in micronucleus induction and about a three-fold increase in mitotic index in bone marrow cells. Exposed rats also showed significantly higher levels of MDA and SOD, while ELF-MF failed to alter the activity of GSH.
Rauš S, Selaković V, Radenović L, Prolić Z, Janać B. · 2012
Researchers studied how an extremely low frequency magnetic field affects motor behaviour in 3-month-old Mongolian gerbils that had undergone global cerebral ischemia. After a 10-minute blockage of both common carotid arteries, gerbils were continuously exposed to ELF-MF at 50 Hz and 0.5 mT for 7 days, and their behaviour was monitored on days 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14 after reperfusion. Ischemia alone caused significant increases in locomotion, stereotypy, and rotations, along with decreased immobility, up to day 4 after reperfusion compared to control gerbils. ELF-MF exposure inhibited ischemia-induced motor hyperactivity throughout the observation period, though significantly only in the first 2 days after reperfusion.
Legros A et al. · 2012
Researchers investigated the effects of a 60 Hz, 1,800 μT magnetic field on neurophysiological and neuromotor measures in humans, including EEG, standing balance, voluntary motor function, and physiological tremor. Results suggested a reduction of human standing balance and an increase of physiological tremor amplitude in the frequency range associated with central nervous system contribution, while no exposure effect appeared on EEG or voluntary motor control. The researchers concluded that 1 h of 60 Hz, 1,800 μT magnetic field exposure may modulate human involuntary motor control without being detected in cortical electrical activity.
