Lai HC, Chan HW, Singh NP · 2016
Researchers exposed three human cancer cell lines to RFID microchip-emitted radiofrequency field for one hour. The radiofrequency energy effectively killed or retarded the growth of all three cancer cell types. The effect was blocked by pretreatment with a spin-trap compound or an iron chelator. An inactive microchip and external energy source had no significant effect on the cells.
Falone S et al. · 2016
Researchers investigated whether hyperproliferation induced by a 50 Hz, 1 mT ELF magnetic field in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells is supported by improved defense against methylglyoxal and by rewiring of energy metabolism. The ELF magnetic field interfered with the biology of these malignant cells by further de-differentiating the cellular phenotype and increasing proliferative activity. The magnetic field also triggered cytoprotective mechanisms, including enhanced defense against methylglyoxal and more efficient management of metabolic energy, presumably to support rapid cell outgrowth.
Tang R, Xu Y, Ma F, Ren J, Shen S, Du Y, Hou Y, Wang T · 2016
Researchers studied the effect of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) on a lung metastatic melanoma mouse model and on the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Treg cells). Tumor-bearing mice were exposed to ELF-MFs at 0.4 T and 7.5 Hz for 2 hours per day for 27 days. Metastatic tumor burden in the lung was significantly decreased after ELF-MF treatment, and expressions of MMP2, MMP9, and Foxp3 in lung nodules significantly decreased in the ELF-MF group. In cell experiments, ELF-MF treatment reduced the Treg cell differentiation rate from 32.0% to 22.1%, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inhibited p-AKT in T cells.
Martínez MA, Úbeda A, Moreno J, Trillo MÁ · 2016
Researchers investigated how power frequency magnetic fields affect cell proliferation in NB69 cells and the role of p38 and JNK kinases and reactive oxygen species in that response. NB69 cultures were exposed to a 100 µT magnetic field, either intermittently for 24, 42 or 63 hours, or continuously for periods of 15 to 120 minutes, with or without p38 or JNK inhibitors and an antioxidant. Field exposure induced transient activation of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2, but only the p38 inhibitor blocked the proliferative effect. The antioxidant NAC blocked the field effects on cell proliferation and p38 activation, but not those on ERK1/2 activation.
Unknown authors · 2015
Researchers assessed fetal exposure to the full harmonic content of a uniform 50 Hz magnetic field using high-resolution three-dimensional fetal models based on European electricity quality standards. The fundamental frequency component provided the main contribution to induced electric fields in the fetus. Harmonic components added some contributions but their amplitudes were low due to extremely low permitted levels relative to the fundamental. Induced electric field levels were much lower than general public exposure limits when the incident magnetic field was at the maximum permitted level.
Unknown authors · 2015
Researchers exposed pregnant mice to a 50 Hz, 500 mG field for one week (12 hours per day) and continued exposure of their offspring for up to 15.5 months, while control mice were not exposed. Mean body weights of exposed male and female mice were significantly decreased compared with controls. Exposed mice showed no increased incidence of liver and lung tumors. In female mice, the incidence of chronic myeloid leukemia was significantly greater in the exposed group (3 of 42, 7%) than in controls. The size of seminiferous tubules in exposed males was significantly smaller than in controls.
Unknown authors · 2015
Researchers studied 5,409 adult AML cases and 27,045 matched controls across four Nordic countries from 1961 to 2005. Lifetime occupational ELF-MF exposure and electrical shock risk were assigned using job-exposure matrices based on census-reported jobs. Approximately 40% of subjects had low-level ELF-MF exposure, 7% had high-level exposure, 18% had low electrical shock risk, and 15% had high electrical shock risk. No association was observed between high ELF-MF exposure (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.77-1.01) or high electrical shock risk (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.85-1.05) and AML compared to background exposure. Results remained unchanged in sensitivity analyses.
Unknown authors · 2015
Researchers used network operator data to validate self-reported start year of mobile phone use in a case-control study of acoustic neuroma risk. The validation included 96 cases (29%) and 111 controls (22%), with cases showing more complete subscription history reporting. Agreement categorized into short, intermediate, and long-term use was moderate with a kappa statistic of 0.42.
Paul B et al · 2015
The authors state that radiofrequency waves generated from mobile phones cause potential public health problems. They report that short-term effects like changes in sleep, heart rate, and blood pressure and long-term effects like carcinoma are well documented. They note that the Government of India's regulatory efforts are still in a nascent stage.
Unknown authors · 2015
The authors review evidence from the CERENAT study, a French national study, which found an increased risk of glioma from mobile phone use. The CERENAT finding of increased glioma risk is consistent with other studies of long-term mobile phone use and corroborates research showing meningioma risk. The review notes that CERENAT did not evaluate exposure from DECT cordless phones, which were used by over half the French population during the study period. The authors conclude that radiofrequency fields should be classified as a Group 2A probable human carcinogen by IARC criteria.
Yoon S, Choi JW, Lee E, Ahn H, Kim HS, Choi HD, Kim N. · 2015
Among ipsilateral users, the adjusted odds ratios for lifetime years of use and cumulative hours of use were 1.25 (95% CI 0.55 to 2.88) and 1.77 (95% CI 0.32 to 1.84), respectively. The authors concluded that the results do not support the hypothesis that mobile phone use increases glioma risk, but suggest further evaluation for long-term users.
Shrestha M, Raitanen J, Salminen T, Lahkola A, Auvinen A · 2015
A case-control study in Finland included 80 pituitary tumor cases and 240 matched controls. Mobile phone use history was obtained via structured interview and analyzed with conditional logistic regression. Regular mobile phone users showed a reduced odds ratio of 0.39 (95% CI 0.21-0.72) compared to never or non-regular users, though the authors noted this may reflect methodological limitations. No increased risk was found after 10 or more years since first use (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.25-1.89), nor in relation to duration, cumulative hours, or cumulative number of calls, with similar results for analog and digital phones. The authors noted no excess risk for short- or medium-term use, but uncertainties remained for longer duration due to few participants reporting use beyond 10 years.
Liu YX et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed human glioblastoma cell lines U251-MG and U87-MG to 1950-MHz TD-SCDMA fields at a maximum SAR of 5.0 W/kg for 12, 24, and 48 hours. They measured cell morphology, apoptosis, cell cycle, growth, gene and protein expression, tumor formation, and invasiveness. No significant differences in biological features or tumor formation ability were found between exposed and unexposed cells. Exposure did not act as a cytotoxic or tumor-promoting agent affecting proliferation or gene expression.
Dabouis V et al. · 2015
Researchers studied causes of death among 57,000 French Navy personnel on surface vessels from 1975 to 2000. They compared mortality between radar-exposed and control groups defined by on-board workplace. Overall mortality was similar in both groups with a relative risk of 1.00. Cancer mortality also showed no increase with a relative risk of 0.92. The authors noted the number of deaths was very small for some cancer sites.
Silva V et al. · 2015
Researchers prepared primary human thyroid cell cultures from normal thyroid tissue of surgical patients and exposed them to simulated cell phone radiofrequency energy under different conditions. They assessed proliferation using Ki-67 and p53 expression, and measured DNA ploidy, HSP70, and ROS by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. No irradiation condition affected Ki-67, p53, DNA ploidy, HSP70, or ROS, and the researchers concluded there was no potential carcinogenic effect.
Çiğ B, Nazıroğlu M. · 2015
Researchers exposed MCF-7 breast cancer cells to 900, 1800, and 2450 MHz electromagnetic radiation at distances from 0 to 25 cm for one hour. At distances of 0, 1, and 5 cm, exposed cells showed higher reactive oxygen species, calcium concentrations, apoptosis, and caspase activity compared to controls, while cell viability increased with distance. No statistically significant differences were observed between control cells and those exposed at 20 or 25 cm.
Carlberg M, Hardell L. · 2015
Researchers conducted a pooled analysis of two case-control studies on meningioma diagnosed during 1997-2003 and 2007-2009. In the highest decile of use (>3,358 hours), odds ratios were 1.5 for mobile phones and 2.0 for cordless phones. No association was found for ipsilateral use or anatomical tumor location.
Gandhi G, Kaur G, Nisar U. · 2015
The study was a cross-sectional case-control study that assessed genetic damage with the comet assay in peripheral blood leukocytes from 63 residents near a mobile phone tower and 28 matched healthy controls. The power density within 300 meters of the base station exceeded permissive limits and was significantly higher than in the control area. DNA migration length, damage frequency, and damage index were all significantly elevated in the exposed group compared to controls. Female residents had significantly higher damage frequency than male residents. Linear regression identified daily mobile phone usage, location of residence, and power density as significant predictors of genetic damage.
Lerchl A et al. · 2015
Exposed animals had significantly more lung and liver tumors than sham-exposed controls. Lymphomas were also significantly elevated in exposed animals. No clear dose-response effect was observed.
Yang ML, Ye ZM · 2015
Researchers exposed human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells to a 50 Hz, 1 mT extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) for 1, 2 and 3 hours in vitro. ELF-EMF decreased the viability of MG-63 cells, inhibited cell growth, induced cell apoptosis and increased the level of ROS significantly. The apoptosis rate declined significantly after treatment with ROS inhibitor NAC or p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580. The researchers concluded that increased ROS and p38MAPK activation may be involved in the mechanism.
Unknown authors · 2014
The objective was to comprehensively analyze the relationship between human exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields and breast cancer. Sixteen case-control studies published from 2000 to 2007 were collected. The overall pooled odds ratio was 1.10 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.01 to 1.20. In non-menopausal women the odds ratio was 1.25 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.49), while in menopausal women it was 1.04 (95% CI 0.93 to 1.18).
Turner MC et al · 2014
Researchers estimated cumulative, average, maximum, and duration of occupational ELF exposure for lifetime and specific time windows before diagnosis using a job exposure matrix. Lifetime cumulative ELF exposure was not associated with glioma or meningioma risk, but cumulative exposure 1 to 4 years before diagnosis showed a positive association with glioma (OR 1.67 for highest vs lowest exposure) and a weaker association with meningioma (OR 1.23).
Unknown authors · 2014
The CERENAT study was a multicenter case-control study conducted in four areas of France from 2004 to 2006. It analyzed 253 gliomas, 194 meningiomas, and 892 matched controls selected from electoral rolls. Regular mobile phone users showed no increased risk of brain tumours compared with non-users (OR=1.24 for gliomas, OR=0.90 for meningiomas). In the heaviest users with at least 896 hours cumulative use, odds of glioma (OR=2.89) and meningioma (OR=2.57) were significantly higher, and for gliomas, at least 18,360 calls gave an OR of 2.10.
Sadetzki S et al · 2014
MOBI-Kids is a multinational case–control study investigating the potential effects of childhood and adolescent exposure to EMF from mobile communications technologies on brain tumor risk in 14 countries. The study aims to include approximately 1,000 brain tumor cases aged 10–24 years and two individually matched controls for each case. The researchers conclude that MOBI-Kids is feasible and will generate results contributing to understanding potential brain tumor risks from mobile phone use among young people.
Pettersson D et al. · 2014
Researchers conducted a population-based, nation-wide, case-control study of acoustic neuroma in Sweden. Eligible cases were persons aged 20 to 69 years diagnosed between 2002 and 2007, and controls were randomly selected from the population registry matched on age, sex, and residential area. Ever regular mobile phone use was associated with an odds ratio of 1.18 (95% CI 0.88 to 1.59).
