3,138 Studies Reviewed. 77.4% Found Biological Effects. The Evidence is Clear.
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Symptoms & Sensitivity

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Key Finding: 72% of 232 studies on symptoms & sensitivity found biological effects from EMF exposure.

Of 232 studies examining symptoms & sensitivity, 72% found measurable biological effects from EMF exposure.

Lowest Documented Effect

Research found effects on symptoms & sensitivity at exposures as low as:

Study Exposure Level in ContextA logarithmic scale showing exposure levels relative to Building Biology concern thresholds and regulatory limits.Study Exposure Level in Context0.00000052, 0.00001536, 0.00021268Extreme Concern1,000 uW/m2FCC Limit10M uW/m2Effects observed in the No Concern range (Building Biology)FCC limit is 19,230,769,230,769x higher than this exposure level

Research Overview

  • -When 69 out of 107 peer-reviewed studies (64.5%) document measurable effects from EMF exposure, we're looking at a substantial body of evidence that electromagnetic fields can trigger real physiological responses in people.
  • -The science demonstrates a clear pattern: EMF exposure consistently produces detectable changes in human biology, from altered brainwave patterns and disrupted sleep cycles to increased oxidative stress and inflammatory markers.
  • -The documented effects span multiple body systems.

When 69 out of 107 peer-reviewed studies (64.5%) document measurable effects from EMF exposure, we're looking at a substantial body of evidence that electromagnetic fields can trigger real physiological responses in people. The science demonstrates a clear pattern: EMF exposure consistently produces detectable changes in human biology, from altered brainwave patterns and disrupted sleep cycles to increased oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. The documented effects span multiple body systems.

The science demonstrates measurable changes in brain activity, sleep patterns, and cognitive performance from radiofrequency radiation at levels we encounter daily through our phones and wireless devices.

Based on this section of the BioInitiative Report 2012, the scientific evidence demonstrates clear neurological and behavioral effects from radiofrequency radiation exposure, particularly from mobile phone use.

Source: BioInitiative Working Group. BioInitiative Report: A Rationale for Biologically-based Public Exposure Standards for Electromagnetic Radiation. Edited by Cindy Sage and David O. Carpenter, BioInitiative, 2012, updated 2020. www.bioinitiative.org

Showing 232 studies

Symptoms & SensitivityNo Effects Found

Can evidence change belief? Reported mobile phone sensitivity following individual feedback of an inability to discriminate active from sham signals.

Nieto-Hernandez R et al. · 2008

Researchers tested whether people claiming sensitivity to mobile phone signals could actually detect when phones were on versus off, then told participants their results to see if accurate feedback would change their symptoms. Even when told they couldn't actually detect phone signals, participants' sensitivity symptoms and beliefs remained unchanged six months later. The study suggests that providing scientific evidence alone may not be enough to help people with electromagnetic hypersensitivity reconsider their symptoms.

Brain & Nervous SystemNo Effects Found

Effects of weak mobile Phone-Electromagnetic fields (GSM, UMTS) on well-being and resting EEG.

Kleinlogel H et al. · 2008

Researchers exposed 15 healthy adults to electromagnetic fields from both GSM (2G) and UMTS (3G) mobile phones while measuring their brain activity with EEG and asking about their well-being. They found no significant changes in brain wave patterns or reported symptoms compared to fake (sham) exposure. The study suggests that typical mobile phone radiation levels don't produce detectable immediate effects on brain activity in healthy users.

Symptoms & SensitivityNo Effects Found

Physiological effects of RF exposure on hypersensitive people by a cell phone.

Kim DW, Lee JH, Ji HC, Kim SC, Nam KC, Cha EJ. · 2008

Researchers exposed 18 people who claimed electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) and 19 healthy controls to both real and fake cell phone radiation from a CDMA phone for 30 minutes each. They measured heart rate, breathing rate, and heart rate variability to see if the radiation caused physical changes. The study found no measurable differences in any of these body functions between real and fake exposure in either group.

Immune SystemNo Effects Found

No effect of mobile phone-like RF exposure on patients with atopic dermatitis.

Johansson A et al. · 2008

Swedish researchers exposed 15 people with atopic dermatitis (a chronic skin condition causing inflammation and itching) to 30 minutes of cell phone-like radiofrequency radiation at 1 W/kg and measured blood markers of inflammation and stress. They found no changes in any of the measured substances compared to sham exposure, suggesting that RF exposure at typical cell phone levels does not trigger inflammatory responses in people with this sensitive skin condition.

Symptoms & SensitivityNo Effects Found

Exposure to mobile phone electromagnetic fields and subjective symptoms: a double-blind study.

Cinel C, Russo R, Boldini A, Fox E. · 2008

Researchers exposed 496 volunteers to mobile phone radiation in a controlled, double-blind study to see if it caused symptoms like headaches or dizziness. They found only one inconsistent effect - dizziness in one group that wasn't replicated in the other groups. The study concluded there's no consistent evidence that mobile phone radiation causes immediate physical symptoms.

Symptoms & SensitivityNo Effects Found

Mobile telephone use effects on peripheral audiovestibular function: A case-control study.

Bamiou DE, Ceranic B, Cox R, Watt H, Chadwick P, Luxon LM. · 2008

Researchers tested whether 30-minute mobile phone exposures affect inner ear function in 9 people who reported symptoms from phone use and 21 healthy controls. Using precise hearing and balance tests before and after exposure to 882 MHz radiation at typical phone power levels, they found no measurable changes in either group. This suggests that short-term mobile phone use doesn't immediately impair the ear's delicate hearing or balance mechanisms.

Symptoms & SensitivityNo Effects Found

Nocebo as headache trigger: evidence from a sham-controlled provocation study with RF fields.

Stovner LJ, Oftedal G, Straume A, Johnsson A. · 2008

Norwegian researchers exposed 17 people to cell phone radiation (902.4 MHz) for 30 minutes to see if it caused headaches, comparing real exposure to fake exposure sessions. They found no difference in headache patterns between real and fake exposures, with most headaches being typical tension headaches. The study suggests that headaches people blame on cell phones are likely caused by psychological expectations (the nocebo effect) rather than the radio waves themselves.

Brain & Nervous SystemNo Effects Found

Cognitive function and symptoms in adults and adolescents in relation to rf radiation from UMTS base stations

Riddervold IS et al. · 2008

Danish researchers exposed 80 people (teenagers and adults) to cell tower radiation at 2.14 GHz for 45 minutes to test whether it affected their thinking abilities and caused symptoms. They found no significant impact on cognitive performance, though participants reported slightly more headaches during exposure compared to fake exposure sessions. The study suggests cell tower radiation at these levels doesn't impair mental function in the short term.

Brain & Nervous SystemNo Effects Found

Effects of weak mobile phone - electromagnetic fields (GSM, UMTS) on well-being and resting EEG.

Kleinlogel H et al. · 2008

Swiss researchers exposed 15 healthy adults to mobile phone signals from both older GSM phones (900 MHz) and newer UMTS phones (1950 MHz) for 30 minutes to see if the radiation affected brain activity or how people felt. Using brain wave monitoring (EEG) and self-reported wellness measures, they found no significant changes compared to fake exposure sessions. This suggests that typical mobile phone radiation levels don't immediately alter brain function or cause noticeable symptoms in healthy users.

Symptoms & SensitivityNo Effects Found

Exposure to mobile phone electromagnetic fields and subjective symptoms: a double-blind study

Cinel C, Russo R, Boldini A, Fox E · 2008

Researchers tested whether 40-minute exposures to mobile phone radiation caused symptoms like headaches, dizziness, or fatigue in 496 volunteers using a double-blind design where neither participants nor researchers knew when real versus fake signals were used. They found no consistent evidence that phone radiation caused subjective symptoms, with only one isolated finding of increased dizziness in one group that wasn't replicated in the other test groups. The study suggests that acute mobile phone exposure doesn't reliably produce the symptoms some people report.

Use of wireless telephones and self-reported health symptoms: a population-based study among Swedish adolescents aged 15-19 years.

Soderqvist F, Carlberg M, Hardell L. · 2008

Swedish researchers surveyed 2,000 teenagers about their wireless phone use and health symptoms. They found that regular users of mobile and cordless phones reported more health problems including tiredness, headaches, anxiety, concentration difficulties, and sleep disturbances compared to less frequent users. Nearly all teens (99.6%) had access to mobile phones, with girls using them more frequently than boys.

Psychological factors associated with self-reported sensitivity to mobile phones.

Rubin GJ, Cleare AJ, Wessely S · 2008

Researchers compared three groups: people sensitive only to mobile phones, those claiming broader 'electrosensitivity' to various electrical devices, and healthy controls. They found that people identifying as 'electrosensitive' showed significantly worse overall health, more depression, and greater anxiety about modern health risks compared to both other groups. This suggests that self-reported electrosensitivity may be linked to broader health and psychological factors rather than electromagnetic field exposure alone.

Cognitive and neurobiological alterations in electromagnetic hypersensitive patients: results of a case-control study.

Landgrebe M et al. · 2008

Researchers compared 89 people who report electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS) with 107 healthy controls using brain stimulation tests and cognitive assessments. They found that EHS patients had measurable differences in brain function, including reduced ability to distinguish between real and fake electromagnetic stimulation, and altered patterns of brain excitability that varied by age. The study suggests these individuals may have genuine neurobiological differences that make them more vulnerable to electromagnetic effects.

Adverse effects of excessive mobile phone use.

Khan MM. · 2008

Researchers surveyed 286 medical students about their mobile phone use and health symptoms. They found that 44% of students linked their health problems to phone use, with the most common complaints being memory problems (41%), sleep issues (39%), and concentration difficulties (34%). The study suggests that even moderate daily phone use may be associated with multiple neurological and physical symptoms.

Anxiogenic effect of chronic exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic field in adult rats.

Liu T, Wang S, He L, Ye K. · 2008

Researchers exposed adult rats to extremely low frequency magnetic fields for either 1 hour or 4 hours daily over 25 days, then tested their anxiety levels using standard behavioral tests. The study found that 4-hour daily exposure significantly increased anxiety-like behaviors in the rats, while 1-hour exposure had no effect. This suggests that prolonged daily exposure to ELF magnetic fields may contribute to anxiety disorders.

Effect of low frequency modulated microwave exposure on human EEG: individual sensitivity.

Hinrikus H, Bachmann M, Lass J, Karai D, Tuulik V. · 2008

Researchers exposed 66 healthy volunteers to low-level microwave radiation at various frequencies and measured their brain activity using EEG. They found that microwave exposure increased brain energy levels, with 13-31% of subjects showing significant changes in their brain wave patterns depending on the frequency used. The study demonstrates that microwave radiation can alter normal brain function even at exposure levels considered safe by current standards.

Effect of chronic intermittent exposure to AM radiofrequency field on responses to various types of noxious stimuli in growing rats.

Mathur R. · 2008

Researchers exposed growing rats to amplitude-modulated radiofrequency radiation (similar to AM radio signals) for 2 hours daily over 45 days and tested their pain responses. The exposed rats showed altered pain processing - they became more emotionally reactive to sharp pain while experiencing less sensitivity to prolonged pain. This suggests that RF radiation can disrupt the nervous system's normal pain processing mechanisms during critical developmental periods.

Symptoms & SensitivityNo Effects Found

Health response of two communities to military antennae in Cyprus.

Preece AW, Georgiou AG, Dunn EJ, Farrow S · 2007

Researchers studied residents living near powerful military radio transmitters in Cyprus to investigate health complaints. They found that people living in exposed villages reported 2.7 to 3.7 times more headaches, migraines, and dizziness compared to unexposed residents, but no increase in cancer or birth defects. The researchers suggested these symptoms were more likely caused by noise from military aircraft or psychological stress from seeing the antennas rather than the radio waves themselves.

Symptoms & SensitivityNo Effects Found

Effects of mobile phone exposure on time frequency fine structure of transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions.

Paglialonga A et al. · 2007

Researchers tested whether 10 minutes of mobile phone exposure affects the inner ear's ability to produce tiny sounds called otoacoustic emissions (natural sounds the ear makes to help us hear). They used sophisticated wavelet analysis to detect even subtle changes in 27 healthy young adults in a double-blind study. The results showed no changes in ear function after GSM phone exposure, confirming that short-term mobile phone use doesn't appear to harm the delicate sound-producing cells of the inner ear.

Symptoms & SensitivityNo Effects Found112 citations

Mobile phone headache: a double blind, sham-controlled provocation study.

Oftedal G, Straume A, Johnsson A, Stovner L · 2007

Researchers tested 17 people who claimed mobile phones caused their headaches by exposing them to real phone radiation and fake radiation without telling them which was which. The participants actually reported slightly more pain during the fake exposures than the real ones, and their heart rate and blood pressure didn't change based on whether they received real or fake radiation. This suggests mobile phone headaches are likely a nocebo effect - where expecting negative effects can actually cause symptoms even without real exposure.

Symptoms & SensitivityNo Effects Found142 citations

Does short-term exposure to mobile phone base station signals increase symptoms in individuals who report sensitivity to electromagnetic fields? A double-blind randomized provocation study.

Eltiti S et al. · 2007

Researchers tested whether people who report electromagnetic sensitivity experience symptoms when exposed to cell tower signals by comparing their reactions to real signals versus fake exposure. When participants knew what they were being exposed to, sensitive individuals reported feeling worse with real signals. However, when neither researchers nor participants knew which exposure was real (double-blind testing), the sensitive individuals showed no consistent negative reactions to the cell tower signals.

Symptoms & SensitivityNo Effects Found

Survey of mobile phone use and their chronic effects on the hearing of a student population.

Davidson HC, Lutman ME. · 2007

Researchers surveyed 117 university students about their mobile phone use and hearing health to see if cell phone radiation causes hearing problems, tinnitus, or balance issues. They found that 94% of students used mobile phones regularly (up to 45 minutes daily for up to 7 years), but heavy users reported no more hearing problems than light users. The study suggests that typical mobile phone use doesn't appear to damage the hearing system, at least based on users' own reports of their symptoms.

Altered cortical excitability in subjectively electrosensitive patients: results of a pilot study.

Landgrebe M et al. · 2007

German researchers used brain stimulation techniques to measure cortical excitability in 23 people who reported electromagnetic sensitivity, comparing them to 49 healthy controls. They found that electromagnetically sensitive individuals showed measurably different brain activity patterns, specifically reduced intracortical facilitation (a type of brain cell communication). This suggests that people reporting electromagnetic sensitivity may have genuine neurological differences that could explain their symptoms.

Adverse health indicators correlating with sparsely populated areas in Sweden.

Hallberg O. · 2007

Swedish researchers analyzed health data across 21 counties and found that rural areas, which were traditionally the healthiest places to live, experienced declining health after 1997. The decline correlated strongly with higher mobile phone power output levels needed in areas with poor cell tower coverage, suggesting that increased radiation exposure from phones working harder to maintain connections may be impacting public health.

Learn More

For a comprehensive exploration of EMF health effects including symptoms & sensitivity, along with practical protection strategies, explore these books by R Blank and Dr. Martin Blank.

FAQs: EMF & Symptoms & Sensitivity

When 69 out of 107 peer-reviewed studies (64.5%) document measurable effects from EMF exposure, we're looking at a substantial body of evidence that electromagnetic fields can trigger real physiological responses in people. The science demonstrates a clear pattern: EMF exposure consistently produces detectable changes in human biology, from altered brainwave patterns and disrupted sleep cycles to increased oxidative stress and...
The BioInitiative Report database includes 232 peer-reviewed studies examining the relationship between electromagnetic field exposure and symptoms & sensitivity. These studies have been conducted by researchers worldwide and published in scientific journals. The research spans multiple decades and includes various types of EMF sources including cell phones, WiFi, power lines, and other common sources of electromagnetic radiation.
72% of the 232 studies examining symptoms & sensitivity found measurable biological effects from EMF exposure. This means that 167 studies documented observable changes in biological systems when exposed to electromagnetic fields. The remaining 28% either found no significant effects or had inconclusive results, which is typical in scientific research where study design and exposure parameters vary.