Mahdavi SM, Sahraei H, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Najafi Abedi A. · 2015
Rats were exposed to 40 Hz ELF-EMF once a day for 21 days and assessed at days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after exposure. Body weight significantly increased only at one week after exposure and then decreased. Food and water intake did not change significantly, while anorexia significantly decreased at one and two weeks after irradiation. Plasma glucose significantly increased at one week but not at other time points. Movements, rearing, and sniffing were significantly decreased at day 1 after exposure, with no consistent pattern on other days.
Ma HR, Ma ZH, Wang GY, Song CM, Ma XL, Cao XH, Zhang GH. · 2015
Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group and a radiated group exposed to 900 MHz mobile phone radiation 4 hours per day for 18 consecutive days. Serum levels of ALT and AST did not change significantly in the radiated group compared to the normal group. Liver malondialdehyde content increased and glutathione content decreased in the radiated group. Histopathology revealed diffuse hepatocyte swelling, vacuolation, and focal necrosis. Bax protein expression was higher, bcl-2 protein expression was lower, and hepatocyte apoptosis rates were higher in the radiated group.
Sun YL et al. · 2015
Researchers used a superconducting magnet that creates three apparent gravity levels to study RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation from RAW264.7 cells. The magnetic field had no lethal effect on precursors but reduced nitric oxide release. Diamagnetic levitation increased osteoclast formation, bone resorption, and expression of RANK, Cathepsin K, MMP-9, and NFATc1 while decreasing RunX2, and caused morphological changes such as pseudopodial expansion, pedosome belt formation, and actin ring aggregation. The magnetic field component of the LGHMF attenuated osteoclast resorption activity. The authors conclude that diamagnetic levitation can serve as a ground-based microgravity simulator for bone cell research.
Holovská K et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed mature Wistar rats to an electromagnetic field of frequency 2.45 GHz and mean power density of 2.8 mW/cm2 for 3 h/d for 3 wk. Liver samples were obtained 3 h after the last irradiation and processed histologically for light and transmission electron microscopy. The researchers concluded that EMR exposure produced adverse effects on rat liver.
Halgamuge MN. · 2015
Researchers measured radio frequency electric field levels from seven transmitters aboard a 40-metre, three-level marine ship at 12 different locations. A total of 528 electric field measurements were collected across three deck levels, with the lowest readings on the upper deck and the highest on the bridge roof. The ICNIRP and ARPANSA general-public limits were exceeded on the bridge roof, but occupational limits were respected everywhere.
Calvente I et al. · 2015
Researchers used spot measurements to characterize outdoor radiofrequency electromagnetic fields in the frequency range 100kHz-6GHz around the dwellings of 123 families from the INMA-Granada birth cohort in Southern Spain. The arithmetic mean electric field was 195.79mV/m and the mean power density was 799.01µW/m(2), with median values of 148.80mV/m and 285.94µW/m(2) respectively. All recorded values were well below International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection reference levels. Exposure levels varied widely among different areas or towns/villages and also among seasons.
Djordjevic B et al. · 2015
Researchers studied whether melatonin treatment (2 mg/kg) might favorably impact liver tissue in rats exposed to microwave radiation. The experiment used 84 six-weeks-old Wistar male rats exposed for 4 hours a day to microwaves at 900 MHz for 20, 40, and 60 days. Microwave exposure increased malondialdehyde after 40 days, protein carbonyl content after 20 days, and catalase and xanthine oxidase activity after 40 days. Melatonin reduced malondialdehyde after 40 days but had no effect on the other analyzed parameters.
Cao H, Qin F, Liu X, Wang J, Cao Y, Tong J, Zhao H · 2015
Researchers exposed male Sprague Dawley rats to 1.8 GHz radiofrequency fields at different times of day to study whether circadian rhythms of plasma antioxidants were affected. Six groups of animals were exposed at a power density of 201.7 μW/cm2 and a specific absorption rate of 0.05653 W/kg for 2 hours per day for 32 consecutive days, each at a different time of day, while a seventh group served as sham-exposed controls. The circadian rhythms of melatonin, GSH-Px, and SOD were shifted in exposed rats, with levels significantly decreased when exposure was given at 23 and 3 h GMT. The researchers concluded that there may be adverse effects of radiofrequency exposure on antioxidant function, affecting both daily antioxidant levels and circadian rhythmicity.
Lee D, Lee J, Lee I. · 2015
Researchers tracked the movement of 10 pairs of guppies and 15 pairs of zebrafish in a fish tank under a cell phone-generated RF EMF. Fish locomotion was observed under normal conditions, in the visual presence of a cell phone, after feeding, and under starvation. Fish locomotor behavior was random both in normal conditions and in the presence of an off-signaled cell phone, but there were significant changes in locomotion after feeding under the RF EMF. The researchers also demonstrated that temperature elevation caused by the cell phone was not relevant to the observed effects.
Wang Q et al. · 2014
Researchers isolated amniotic epithelial cells from human placenta and exposed them to pulsed electromagnetic field and/or osteo-induction medium for 21 days. PEMF alone or osteo-induction medium alone induced osteogenic differentiation as shown by expression of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. The combination of PEMF and osteo-induction medium had synergistic effects on osteogenic differentiation. Gene expression of BMP-2, Runx2, β-catenin, Nrf2, Keap1, and integrinβ1 was up-regulated during osteogenic differentiation.
Unknown authors · 2014
Researchers exposed human fetal scleral fibroblasts to 50 Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields at intensities of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 mT for 6 to 48 h. The growth rate of the fibroblasts significantly decreased after 24 h of exposure to 0.2 mT. Messenger RNA expression of collagen type I decreased while matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression increased significantly. Protein expressions of collagen type I and MMP-2 were also significantly altered after exposure.
Isaac Aleman E et al · 2014
Researchers investigated the influence of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on net photosynthesis, transpiration, photosynthetic pigment concentration, and RBCS1 gene expression during in vitro establishment, in vitro multiplication and acclimatization phases of coffee seedlings. Treated plants were exposed to a 60 Hz sinusoidal magnetic field of 2 mT for 3 minutes while untreated plants served as controls. Magnetically treated plants showed significant increases in net photosynthesis and photosynthetic pigment concentration across phases, along with differential RBCS1 gene expression and decreased transpiration rates.
Unknown authors · 2014
Grant DN et al · 2014
The study investigated the effects of ELF-EMFs on acellular tissue constructs with and without gold nanoparticles. Researchers conjugated 20 nm and 100 nm gold nanoparticles to acellular porcine tissue, seeded L929 murine fibroblasts, and exposed them to a continuous 12 gauss, 60 Hz field for two hours daily up to ten days. Scanning electron microscopy and cell culture assays were used to assess cell proliferation and viability. ELF-EMF stimulation significantly increased cell proliferation. The presence of gold nanoparticles did not boost the stimulatory effect but they demonstrated higher proliferation rates from day 3 to day 10, and unstimulated 100 nm gold nanoparticle constructs had significantly higher proliferation than unstimulated crosslinked constructs.
Gherardini L et al · 2014
Ayrapetyan S, De J · 2014
They performed a comparative study on barley seed hydration using water pretreated with infrasound mechanical vibration, static magnetic field, extremely low frequency electromagnetic field, and microwave radiation. The authors suggest that cell hydration is a universal and extrasensitive biomarker for detection of biological effects of nonionizing radiation.
Calvente I et al · 2014
The study sample was drawn from the INMA-Granada cohort, and researchers carried out long-term indoor measurements in the living room and bedroom of 123 families. Daytime electric fields were below the quantification limit in 78.6% of homes with a mean of 7.31 V/m, and magnetic fields were below the limit in 92.3% of homes with a mean of 162.30 nT. Mean magnetic field values were 1.6 lower during the night than the day. Exposure levels varied by area of residence, dwelling type, age, floor, and season. The authors concluded that preventive measures are warranted to reduce children's exposure.
Liorni I et al · 2014
Numerical computations were performed on high-resolution pregnant models at 3, 7, and 9 months of gestational age. Fetal whole-body and tissue-specific induced electric fields and current densities were analyzed as a function of magnetic field polarization and gestational age. The study also analyzed induced field variation due to changes in fetal position and calculated uncertainty from grid resolution.
Unknown authors · 2014
Researchers investigated whether radiofrequency radiation from a GSM mobile phone could alter the accuracy of home blood glucose monitors. Forty-five female nondiabetic students aged 17 to 20 years old participated in the study. The magnitude of changes between glucose readings was 1.07 ± 0.88 mg/dl in the group tested without electromagnetic fields, compared with 7.53 ± 4.76 mg/dl in the group tested while a GSM phone was ringing (P < 0.001).
Vijayalaxmi, Scarfi MR · 2014
The paper compiled conclusions from national and international expert groups on biological effects of radiofrequency exposures. The expert groups generally suggested a reduction in exposure levels, precautionary approach, and further research. Peer-reviewed data on radiofrequency effects were contradictory, with some studies indicating effects and others not.
Valič B, Kos B, Gajšek P. · 2014
Vagdatli E et al. · 2014
Ushiyama A et al. · 2014
Hematological parameters, cytotoxic activity, phagocytic activity, and T-cell populations showed no significant differences between exposed and sham groups. A significant difference in inorganic phosphorus levels was found but remained within physiological range and was not considered pathophysiological.
Kim BC, Kim W-K, Lee G-T, Choi H-D, Kim N, Pack J-K. · 2014
The study measured simultaneous human exposure to various radiofrequency signals at 1260 positions across Korea. The measured exposure levels were very low compared to international guidelines and Korean protection notice, with the highest total exposure ratio at 5.1 × 10(-3), approximately 7.1% of guideline limits.
Dasdag S, Yavuz I1, Bakkal M, Kargul B. · 2014
A control group of 7 rats underwent the same procedure with the generator turned off. Enamel microhardness was measured at the end of the study and showed no significant difference between groups (p>0.05).
