Aslan A et al. · 2014
The study used 30 Wistar albino rats divided into two equal groups with tibial fractures fixed by K-wire. One group was exposed to 1800 MHz electromagnetic fields for 30 minutes daily, five days a week, while the other group was not exposed. Radiological, histological, and mechanical scores showed no significant differences between groups, and all scores were lower than controls. The researchers concluded that 1800 MHz electromagnetic radiation from cellular phones has no effect on bone fracture healing.
Shirai T et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed rats to 2.14 GHz W-CDMA signals for 20 hours a day over three generations. No abnormalities were observed in mother rats or offspring across any biological parameters including neurobehavioral function. The study used three SAR levels: high (<0.24 W/kg), low (<0.08 W/kg), and sham exposure. Pregnant rats were exposed from gestational day 7 to weaning, and offspring were continuously exposed until 6 weeks of age.
Fasseas MK et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed synchronized populations of C. elegans at different developmental stages to radiation from GSM mobile phones, Wi-Fi routers, and DECT phones at electric field levels below ICNIRP guidelines. They examined wild-type and aging- or stress-sensitive mutant worms for changes in growth, fertility, lifespan, chemotaxis, short-term memory, ROS production, and apoptosis using fluorescent markers and qRT-PCR. No statistically significant differences were found between exposed and control animals in any of the measured outcomes.
Nordin S, Neely G, Olsson D, Sandström M · 2014
This study assessed differences in odor and noise intolerance between persons with EHS and healthy controls using the Chemical Sensitivity Scale and Noise Sensitivity Scale. The EHS group scored significantly higher than controls on all CSS and NSS scales. Correlation coefficients between CSS and NSS scores ranged from 0.60 to 0.65 across measures. The findings suggest an association between EHS and odor and noise intolerance.
Kim K, Kim HJ, Song DJ, Cho YM, Choi JW. · 2014
Researchers analyzed the difference between risk perception of electromagnetic waves from cellular phones and other factors such as environment and food, and also examined psychological and social factors affecting the high risk perception group. A questionnaire survey on risk perception of electromagnetic waves from cellular phones was carried out on 1001 subjects over the age of 20. In the high risk perception group, women had higher risk perception than men. High risk perception was associated with higher personal knowledge (OR: 1.416, 95% CI: 1.216-1.648), higher perceived seriousness of risk to future generations (OR: 1.410, 95% CI: 1.234-1.611), and higher outrage about accidents related to electromagnetic waves (OR: 1.460, 95% CI: 1.264-1.686).
Hashemipour MS, Yarbakht M, Gholamhosseinian A, Famori H. · 2014
Researchers collected stimulated salivary samples from both parotid glands of 86 healthy volunteers. They measured salivary flow rate and concentrations of protein, amylase, lipase, lysozyme, lactoferrin, peroxidase, C-reactive protein, and immunoglobulin A. In participants who predominantly held phones on the right side, flow rate and protein concentration were significantly higher on the right side, while amylase, lipase, lysozyme, lactoferrin, and peroxidase concentrations decreased. The authors noted that although mobile phone use influenced salivary composition, the relationship was not significant.
Chiu CT, Chang YH, Chen CC, Ko MC, Li CY. · 2014
Aydogan F et al. · 2014
Thirty Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups. Groups A and B served as control groups for 10 days and 40 days with six rats each, while groups C and D were exposure groups with nine rats each. The rats were exposed to 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation simulating a third generation mobile phone for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 10 or 40 days. Exposure groups showed numerous histopathological changes in the parotid gland, with more prominent changes after 40 days compared to 10 days.
Aguirre E et al. · 2014
The aim of the study is to observe Analysis of estimation of electromagnetic dosimetric values from non-ionizing radiofrequency fields in conventional road vehicle environments. A dosimetric evaluation inside a conventional car is performed with an in-house 3D Ray Launching computational code and compared with measurement results of wireless sensor networks located inside the vehicle. The results can aid in an adequate assessment of human exposure to non-ionizing radiofrequency fields, taking into account the impact of the morphology and the topology of the vehicle for current as well as for future exposure limits.
Ragy MM. · 2014
Researchers exposed male rats to 900-MHz electromagnetic radiation for one hour daily over 60 days, with a withdrawal group that had a 30-day recovery period. Exposure significantly increased malondialdehyde levels and decreased total antioxidant capacity in brain, liver, and kidney tissues. Serum levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, creatinine, and corticosterone were significantly increased, while catecholamines were not significantly changed. All these alterations were corrected after the withdrawal period.
Monazzam MR et al. · 2014
Researchers measured magnetic flux density in a control building and two substations according to IEEE standard 644-1994. They used the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and General Health Quality questionnaires to assess sleep quality and public health in 40 workers. In the case group, 28% had poor health status and 61% had a sleep disorder, while all control group members were in good health and only 4.5% had undesirable sleep quality. A significant difference existed between groups in sleep quality and general health, but no significant relationship was found between exposure level and these outcomes. Measured EMF values were below ACGIH limits, and the authors recommended further epidemiological studies and periodic testing.
Liu H et al. · 2014
Van Den Bossche M, Verloock L, Aerts S, Joseph W, Martens L. · 2014
The authors investigated smart boards and touchscreens, energy-saving bulbs, fluorescent lamps, a portable hearing unit, and an electrosurgical unit. For most of these sources, the electric field was the dominating quantity. Magnetic field strengths up to 1.8 A/m near the electrosurgical unit and 10.5 A/m near the portable hearing unit were measured. Compliance distances for the general public ranged from 15.3 cm for touchscreens to 25 cm for fluorescent lamps.
Urbinello D, Joseph W, Verloock L, Martens L, Röösli M. · 2014
Measurements of RF-EMF exposure in 11 frequency bands from FM to WLAN were performed in three European cities over one year. Highest exposure levels occurred in public transports with arithmetic means of 0.84 V/m in Brussels, 0.72 V/m in Ghent, and 0.59 V/m in Basel. Outdoor exposure increased by 57.1% in Basel (p<0.001), 20.1% in Ghent (p=0.053), and 38.2% in Brussels (p=0.012) over one year. Exposure increases were most consistent in outdoor areas due to mobile phone base stations. Levels remained far below regulatory limits.
Urbinello D et al. · 2014
Researchers performed measurements in Amsterdam, Basel, Ghent, and Brussels using a portable measurement device. Arithmetic mean values for mobile phone base station exposure ranged from 0.22 V/m in Basel to 0.41 V/m in Amsterdam across all outdoor areas. The 95th percentile for total RF-EMF exposure varied between 0.46 V/m in Basel and 0.82 V/m in Amsterdam, and the 99th percentile between 0.81 V/m in Basel and 1.20 V/m in Brussels. All measured exposure levels were far below the international reference levels proposed by ICNIRP. The study did not find indications that lowering the regulatory limit results in higher mobile phone base station exposure levels.
Urbinello D, Huss A, Beekhuizen J, Vermeulen R, Röösli M. · 2014
Researchers used portable exposure meters to evaluate sources of data variability and repeatability of daily measurements. Exposure from mobile phone base stations ranged from 0.30 to 0.53 V/m in downtown and business areas and from 0.09 to 0.41 V/m in residential areas. Analysis of variance showed measurements were highly reproducible across days, with measurement day explaining 0.6% of variance, measurement time 0.2%, while area type explained 30% and city 50%.
Taberski K et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed 16 male Djungarian hamsters to 900 MHz GSM-modulated RF-EMF at SAR levels of 0, 0.08, 0.4, and 4 W/kg for one week per condition. Only at the highest SAR level did fur temperature increase by about 0.5°C, food consumption decrease, and daytime carbon dioxide production and respiratory quotient decrease.
Sunohara T, Hirata A, Laakso I, Onishi T · 2014
Roivainen P, Eskelinen T, Jokela K, Juutilainen J · 2014
Researchers measured intermediate frequency and extremely low frequency magnetic fields at cashiers' seats in Finnish stores. At the cashier's seat, IF magnetic fields ranged from 0.2 to 4 µT and ELF magnetic fields ranged from 0.03 to 4.5 µT, both well below exposure limits. However, when cashiers walked through EAS gates, peak IF fields reached up to 189 µT, exceeding the ICNIRP occupational reference level of 141 µT.
Pawlak K, Sechman A, Nieckarz Z. · 2014
Mugunthan N, Anbalagan J, Meenachi S, Samy AS. · 2014
Mice were exposed to 2G ultra-high frequency radiation for 48 minutes per day over 30 to 180 days, with sham controls. In the exposed group, kidney weight and volume were significantly reduced in the first month, while kidney weight alone was significantly increased in the fifth month. Microscopic examination revealed dilated glomerular capillaries, increased urinary space, wider tubular lumens with reduced cell size, brush border interruption, vacuolated cytoplasm, pyknotic nuclei, and marked basal striations in distal tubules. The researchers concluded that chronic exposure to 2G cell phone radiation could cause microscopic changes in the glomerulus, proximal and distal convoluted tubules.
Gryz K, Karpowicz J, Leszko W, Zradziński P. · 2014
Researchers measured electromagnetic radiofrequency radiation exposure in 45 buildings in urban and rural areas across various regions of Poland. The main sources of exposure identified were mobile phone base transceiver stations and radio-television transmitters. Exposure of workers and the general public in locations comparable to offices was found to be well below international limits.
Alon L, Cho GY, Yang X, Sodickson DK, Deniz CM. · 2014
Researchers investigated MR temperature mapping and 10-g average specific absorption rate (SAR) computation for safety evaluation of RF-emitting devices. They tested an MRI-compatible dipole antenna and a non-MRI-compatible mobile phone, measuring temperature changes in phantoms and comparing results with physical probe measurements and electromagnetic field simulations. The researchers concluded that MR temperature mapping alongside physical property measurements can assess RF/microwave safety with high resolution and fidelity.
Ghodbane S1 et al. · 2014
Researchers exposed rats to a static magnetic field of 128 mT for one hour per day over five days and examined effects on glucose metabolism. Exposure increased blood glucose level by 21% and caused a decrease of 15% in liver glycogen content. Vitamin E prevented the glucose metabolism and liver glycogen alterations induced by the static magnetic field, whereas selenium restored only liver glycogen content. Neither vitamin E nor selenium corrected the reduction in pancreatic islet area observed after static magnetic field exposure.
Mahdavi SM, Sahraei H, Yaghmaei P, Tavakoli H. · 2014
Researchers studied the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure at 1 and 5 Hz on behavioral, hormonal, and metabolic changes in male Wistar rats. Plasma ACTH concentration increased in both frequency groups, while noradrenaline concentration showed an overall reduction.
