Chapman S, Azizi L, Luo Q, Sitas F. · 2016
Researchers examined age and gender specific brain cancer incidence rates for 19,858 males and 14,222 females diagnosed in Australia between 1982 and 2012 alongside mobile phone usage data from 1987 to 2012. Age-adjusted brain cancer incidence rates were stable in females and rose slightly in males over the 30-year period. Modelled expected rates assuming a causal relative risk of 1.5 with a 10-year lag were substantially higher than observed rates in 2012, with 1434 cases observed versus 1867 expected. Significant increases in incidence were seen only in people aged 70 years and older, and this increase began in 1982 before mobile phones were introduced.
Kerimoğlu G et al. · 2016
Eighteen male Sprague Dawley rats aged 21 days were randomly assigned to control, sham, and EMF groups. The EMF group received a 900-MHz field for one hour each day throughout adolescence while the sham group was placed in the same cage without exposure. The EMF-exposed rats had fewer pyramidal neurons, more pyknotic neurons, higher malondialdehyde and glutathione levels, and lower catalase levels than the other groups.
Yang L, Chen Q, Lv B, Wu T · 2016
Researchers evaluated changes in EEG due to LTE EMF exposure. Exposure reduced spectral power and interhemispheric coherence in the alpha and beta bands of frontal and temporal brain regions. No significant change was observed in spectral power and interhemispheric coherence across different timeslots during and after exposure.
Odacı E et al. · 2016
Purkinje cell numbers in the cerebellum of 32-day-old female offspring were significantly lower in the EMF group compared to both control and sham groups. Pathological changes including pyknotic neurons with dark cytoplasm were observed in the EMF group.
Mugunthan N et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed 36 mice to 2G mobile phone radiation for 48 minutes per day over 30 to 180 days. Neuron density was significantly lower in the CA1, CA2, and DGDB regions of exposed mice from the first to sixth month. Neuron density was significantly higher in the CA3 and DGVB regions of exposed mice. Nuclear diameter of neurons was lower in all studied hippocampal regions of exposed mice from the first to sixth month.
Kim JY, Kim HJ, Kim N, Kwon JH, Park MJ · 2016
The study examined how radiofrequency radiation affects glutamate-induced oxidative stress in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. RF exposure alone marginally affected cell proliferation but significantly increased glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Glutamate raised ROS levels and RF exposure further increased ROS production. NAC treatment completely abrogated glutamate- and RF-induced ROS production and cell death, restoring cell proliferation. Treatment with a JNK inhibitor restored cell proliferation.
Choi Y-J, Choi Y-S · 2016
Male mice were exposed for 9 weeks and female mice for 11 weeks to smartphone electromagnetic radiation. Spatial working memory was tested with a Y maze and hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation was measured using BrdU labeling. After 9 weeks there was no significant difference in spontaneous alternation scores or hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation between exposed and control mice.
Valbonesi P, Franzellitti S, Bersani F, Contin A, Fabbri E. · 2016
Researchers exposed rat PC12 cells to a 1.8 GHz 217-GSM signal at 2 W/kg SAR for 24 hours. AChE enzyme activity was measured by Ellman's method, mRNA by real-time PCR, and protein by Western blotting. AChE enzymatic activity increased 1.4-fold in exposed cells, while mRNA and protein expression were not affected. The authors report this as the first evidence of RF-EMF effects on AChE activity in mammalian cells at this SAR.
Bouji M, Lecomte A, Gamez C, Blazy K, Villégier AS. · 2016
Researchers exposed aged (22–24 months) and young (4–6 months) adult male rats to head RF-EMF exposures at 900 MHz, with a specific absorption rate of 6 W/kg, for 45 minutes per day for 1 month. Aged rats showed deficits in spatial learning, exploration, anxiety-related behaviors, and increased hippocampal ILs and cortical IL-1β. The senescence-typical neurobiological deficits were not modified by RF-EMF exposures, and the study did not support the hypothesis of a specific cerebral vulnerability to RF-EMF during senescence. RF-EMF-exposed rats, with young and aged adults pooled, had decreased anxiety-related behaviors in the elevated plus maze.
Şahin D et al. · 2016
The main finding was increased oxidative DNA damage in the brain after 10 days of exposure, while after 40 days oxidative DNA damage was decreased compared to control groups. A decreased level of the lipid peroxidation marker MDA was also observed after 40 days of exposure.
Esmekaya MA et al. · 2016
Researchers studied whether cellular phone radiation affects oxidative stress and nitric oxide levels in mouse brain during epileptic seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Eight-week-old mice were divided into groups: a PTZ-only control group, a group exposed to 15 minutes of radiation before and 30 minutes after PTZ treatment, and a group exposed to 30 minutes of radiation before and 30 minutes after PTZ treatment. Lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels increased significantly in the radiation-exposed groups compared to the control group, while glutathione levels were significantly lower in those same groups.
Sırav B, Seyhan N · 2016
Researchers used young adult male and female Wistar albino rats to investigate whether pulse modulated 900 MHz and 1800 MHz radio-frequency radiation affects the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Permeability was measured by quantifying Evans blue dye that passed into the brain after intravenous injection. In both male radio-frequency radiation exposed groups, blood-brain barrier permeability was found to be increased compared with controls, with 1800 MHz found more effective in males. For female rats, 900 MHz exposure was associated with increased permeability, but no statistical difference was found between the 1800 MHz exposed and control groups.
Nirwane A, Sridhar V, Majumdar A · 2016
Hidisoglu E et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed rats to 2100-MHz electromagnetic fields for 2 hours per day for either 1 or 10 weeks, then recorded visual evoked potentials and measured markers of oxidative stress in the brain. After 1 week of exposure, visual response latencies were shortened and several antioxidant markers were increased. After 1 or 10 weeks, the effects on visual response latencies differed: latencies were shortened in the 1-week group but prolonged in the 10-week group. The researchers concluded that the effects of EMF on visual evoked potentials depend on exposure duration.
Erdem Koç G et al. · 2016
Researchers established seven groups of pregnant rats and exposed some to 900 MHz EMF for 60 minutes per day during the gestation period. After birth, male rat pups were selected and the total number of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal region was counted using the optical fractionator technique. The total number of pyramidal cells in the EMF group was significantly lower than in the control, sham, EMF plus melatonin, and EMF plus omega-3 groups. No difference was observed between any groups in terms of rats' body or brain weights.
Deshmukh PS et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed male Fischer rats to microwave radiation for 90 days at 900, 1800, and 2450 MHz to investigate effects on cognitive function, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) levels, and DNA damage in the brain. Cognitive function was tested using the elevated plus maze and Morris water maze, HSP70 levels were measured by ELISA, and DNA damage was assessed using alkaline comet assay. The results suggest that low-level microwave exposure at these frequencies may lead to hazardous effects on the brain.
(E) Barthélémy A et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed male Sprague Dawley rats for 15 minutes at 0, 1.5, or 6 W/kg, or for 45 minutes at 6 W/kg, to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields. Memory, emotionality, and locomotion were tested using fear conditioning, the elevated plus maze, and the open field. Long-term memory was reduced and cytosolic GFAP was increased in the hippocampus and in the olfactory bulb at 6 W/kg. No MBP or Aβ1–40 expression modification was shown. The study suggests that RF EMF-induced astrogliosis had functional consequences on memory but did not demonstrate that it was secondary to neuronal damage.
Yoon S, Choi JW, Lee E, Ahn H, Kim HS, Choi HD, Kim N. · 2015
Among ipsilateral users, the adjusted odds ratios for lifetime years of use and cumulative hours of use were 1.25 (95% CI 0.55 to 2.88) and 1.77 (95% CI 0.32 to 1.84), respectively. The authors concluded that the results do not support the hypothesis that mobile phone use increases glioma risk, but suggest further evaluation for long-term users.
Söderqvist F, Carlberg M, Hardell L · 2015
Researchers conducted a single-blinded randomized counterbalanced study with 24 healthy subjects aged 18–30 years who underwent three exposure conditions. The study tested whether microwaves from an 890-MHz phone-like signal at SAR10G of 2 W/kg and 0.2 W/kg versus sham gave acute effects on brain-shielding barriers using blood serum biomarkers. Over time, statistically significant variations were found for TTR and β-trace protein, but no difference was found between exposure conditions and no interaction between exposure condition and time of blood sampling. The study concluded it failed to show any acute clinically or statistically significant effect of short-term microwave exposure on serum levels of S100β, TTR, and β-trace protein with follow-up limited to two hours.
Court-Kowalski S et al. · 2015
Researchers exposed mice to 900 MHz RF fields at 4 W/kg for 104 weeks, five days per week. Control mice were sham-exposed or freely moving in cages. No change in astrocytic GFAP immunostaining was found in exposed mice compared to controls.
Trunk A et al. · 2015
Researchers used a full factorial design with 25 participants performing a visual target detection task while recording reaction time and EEG. Target trials were divided into low and high probability sets based on the distance between consecutive targets. Caffeine further shortened reaction time in high-probability trials and decreased pre-target alpha amplitude, indicating higher arousal. UMTS exposure alone or combined with caffeine did not change reaction time or pre-stimulus oscillatory brain activity.
Sauter C et al. · 2015
Researchers conducted a double-blind cross-over study with 30 healthy young men exposed to TETRA signals at 1.5 W/kg and 6.0 W/kg and sham. Exposure lasted 2.5 hours at 385 MHz with specific absorption rates of 1.5 and 6.0 W/kg. Attention was unchanged in two of three tasks, while working memory showed significant changes in two of four subtasks. 5 out of 35 tested parameters showed significant results, four of which indicated improved performance. Mood, well-being, and subjective somatic complaints were not affected by TETRA exposure.
Gupta N, Goyal D, Sharma R, Arora KS · 2015
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of long-term mobile phone usage on auditory brainstem evoked responses. Researchers conducted a retrospective cross-sectional case-control study with 100 healthy subjects aged 18 to 30, including 67 long-term GSM mobile phone users and 33 non-user controls. No significant difference was found in latencies, interpeak latencies, and amplitudes of ABR waves between the groups.
Sangun O, Dundar B, Darici H, Comlekci S, Doguc DK, Celik S · 2015
Researchers exposed female Wistar rats to a 2450 MHz electromagnetic field for one hour per day starting either prenatally or postnatally, with a sham-exposed control group. Prenatal exposure led to significantly lower daily mass gain and significantly later puberty. Brain and ovary total oxidant status and oxidative stress index were significantly increased in the prenatal group compared to the control group. Serum LH levels were increased in both prenatal and postnatal groups, while FSH and E2 did not differ among groups. Histological examinations showed no statistically significant differences between groups.
Nazıroğlu M, Özkan FF, Hapil SR, Ghazizadeh V, Çiğ B · 2015
