Hardell L, Mild KH, Carlberg M. · 2003
Researchers conducted a case-control study of 1,617 patients aged 20-80 with histopathology-verified brain tumours diagnosed from 1997 to 2000, each matched to a control from the Swedish Population Register. Tumours in the temporal area on the same side as phone use had higher risk for analogue phones (OR=2.3, 95% CI=1.2-4.1), acoustic neurinoma risk was OR=4.4 (95% CI=2.1-9.2) for analogue users, and risk rose per year of analogue use (OR=1.04 per year, 95% CI=1.01-1.08).
D'Costa H et al. · 2003
Researchers recorded EEG from ten awake subjects while a mobile phone behind the head emitted radiofrequency fields. The study tested a GSM phone at full radiated power and a phone in active standby mode, each with five active and five sham exposures in randomized five-minute intervals. The experiment was single-blind and compared average EEG band power between active and sham recordings. Statistical tests showed significant differences in the full-power trial for EEG alpha (8-13 Hz) and beta (13-32 Hz) bands. Analysis of median spectral power across 32 discrete frequencies found significant differences in 7 frequencies overall.
Cranfield C, Wieser HG, Al Madan J, Dobson J. · 2003
Researchers tested a bacterial analogue (Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum) that produces intracellular biogenic magnetite similar to that in the human brain. Exposure to mobile phone emissions resulted in a significantly higher proportion of cell death in exposed cultures versus sham exposure (p = 0.037). The authors noted it is not yet clear whether this would extrapolate to a deleterious health effect in humans.
Consiglio W, Driscoll P, Witte M, Berg WP. · 2003
The experiment studied the effect of phone conversations and other potential interference on reaction time in a braking response. Twenty-two participants used a laboratory station that simulated foot activity in driving. Mean reaction time was measured across five conditions: control, listening to a radio, conversing with a passenger, conversing using a hand-held phone, and conversing using a hands-free phone. Conversation, whether in-person or via cellular phone, slowed reaction time, while listening to the radio did not.
Bit-Babik G et al. · 2003
Researchers investigated the estimation of SAR in the human head and body from handheld mobile phones with hands-free accessories. The results show that the opposite is observed when proper dosimetric methods are employed. Human phantoms for such measurements should include the torso, not just the head, because the body strongly attenuates RF energy coupled into the accessory leads. Numerical simulations and experimental measurements agree that hands-free accessories decrease RF energy exposure in the human head.
Arai N, Enomoto H, Okabe S, Yuasa K, Kamimura Y, Ugawa Y. · 2003
Researchers studied auditory brainstem response, ABR recovery function, and middle latency response before and after 30 minutes of mobile phone use in 15 normal-hearing volunteers. None of the three measures were affected by the exposure. The researchers concluded that 30 minutes of mobile phone use has no short-term adverse effects on the human auditory system.
Anderson V. · 2003
The study aimed to examine the scale and significance of differences in peak specific energy absorption rate (SAR) in the brains of children and adults exposed to radiofrequency emissions from mobile phones. Model analyses using a three-layered spherical head exposed to a dipole at 900 MHz showed that peak brain 10 g averaged SAR in 4, 8, 12, and 16 year olds increased by factors of 1.31, 1.23, 1.15, and 1.07 compared to an average adult. The researchers concluded that the relatively small scale of these increases does not warrant special precautionary measures for child mobile phone users.
Yamaguchi H et al. · 2003
Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to pulsed 1439 MHz TDMA fields at a brain SAR of 7.5 W/kg for 1 hour daily over 4 days or 4 weeks. Other rats were exposed at a brain SAR of 25 W/kg for 45 minutes daily for 4 days. Rats exposed at 25 W/kg for 4 days showed statistically significant decreases in correct choices in a T-maze reversal task, while rats exposed at 7.5 W/kg for 4 days or 4 weeks showed no performance impairments. Intraperitoneal temperature increased only at the 25 W/kg exposure level. The authors concluded that TDMA fields at levels about four times higher than cell phone emissions do not affect learning and memory when no thermal effects occur.
Wilén J, Sandström M, Hansson Mild K · 2003
Researchers selected 2,402 people from an epidemiological study who used any of the four most common GSM MP. The study combined data on symptom prevalence, calling time per day, and number of calls per day with measurements of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR). The results indicated that SAR values above 0.5 W/kg may be an important factor for the prevalence of some symptoms, especially in combination with long calling times per day.
Takahashi S et al. · 2002
Researchers investigated the mutagenic potential of 1.5 GHz electromagnetic near fields using brain tissues of Big Blue mice. Male BBM were locally exposed to EMF in the head region at 2.0, 0.67, and 0 W/kg specific absorption rate for 90 min/day, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks. There was no significant variation in the frequency of independent mutations of the lacI transgene in the brains. Deletion mutations were slightly increased in both the high and low EMF exposure groups as compared with the sham-exposed group, but the differences were not statistically significant.
Hietanen M, Hämäläinen A-M, Husman T. · 2002
The study tested the hypothesis that hypersensitive persons perceive symptoms from RF fields using double blind provocation experiments. Twenty volunteers who reported sensitivity to cellular phones participated. Exposure sources were one analogue NMT phone at 900 MHz and two digital GSM phones at 900 and 1800 MHz. Each test session lasted 30 minutes with three or four sessions in random order per day. More symptoms were reported during sham exposure than during real exposure, and no subject could distinguish real from sham exposure.
Santini R, Santini P, Danze JM, Le Ruz P, Seigne M. · 2002
Researchers conducted a questionnaire survey of 530 people, including 270 men and 260 women, living near or far from cellular phone base stations to assess 18 non-specific health symptoms. Complaint frequencies increased significantly (p < 0.05) for people living within 300 meters for tiredness, within 200 meters for headache, sleep disturbance, and discomfort, and within 100 meters for irritability, depression, loss of memory, dizziness, and libido decrease compared to those living beyond 300 meters or not exposed. Women reported headache, nausea, loss of appetite, sleep disturbance, depression, discomfort, and visual perturbations significantly more often than men (p < 0.05).
Richter ED, Berman T, Levy O · 2002
The authors reported on five young patients who developed brain tumors within 10 years of initial occupational radar exposure. Four of the patients were less than 30 years old at the time of diagnosis.
Leszczynski D, Joenväärä S, Reivinen J, Kuokka R · 2002
Researchers exposed human endothelial EA.hy926 cells to 900 MHz GSM mobile phone radiation for 1-hour and observed changes in phosphorylation of many proteins. The exposure transiently increased phosphorylation of hsp27 and altered expression levels of hsp27 and p38MAPK, and this phosphorylation increase was prevented by a p38MAPK inhibitor. The culture temperature remained at 37 +/- 0.3 degrees C throughout the exposure, confirming non-thermal effects. The authors hypothesized that mobile phone radiation-induced activation of hsp27 may facilitate brain cancer by inhibiting the cytochrome c/caspase-3 apoptotic pathway and increase blood-brain barrier permeability by stabilizing endothelial cell stress fibers.
HuberR et al. · 2002
Hocking B, Westerman R. · 2002
Researchers reported a case of a 34-year-old journalist who experienced symptoms linked to mobile phone use. She agreed to a provocation study with her phone. Current perception threshold testing before and after exposure showed marked changes in the C-fibre nerves of the affected area compared with the opposite side. The case is supportive of a neurological basis for some cases of dysaesthesiae associated with mobile phone use.
Hardell L, Mild KH, Carlsberg M. · 2002
Researchers conducted a case-control study of 649 patients aged 20-80 with malignant brain tumours diagnosed between 1997 and 2000 in Sweden, matched with controls from the Swedish Population Register. Overall, no significantly increased risks were found for analogue, digital, or cordless phone use.
Hardell L et al. · 2002
Researchers conducted a case-control study of 1617 patients aged 20 to 80 with histopathologically verified brain tumours diagnosed between 1997 and 2000 in Sweden. Exposure to analogue cellular telephones was assessed by questionnaire and showed an overall increased odds ratio of 1.3 for brain tumours. The risk was higher for tumours on the same side of the head as phone use (OR 2.5) and for acoustic neurinoma (OR 3.5), while no clear association was found for digital or cordless phones.
Edelstyn N, Oldershaw A. · 2002
Thirty-eight healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to an experimental group exposed to a 900 MHz mobile phone for 30 minutes or a control group with the phone switched off. Cognitive performance was assessed before exposure and at 15 and 30 minutes post-exposure using six neuropsychological tests. Significant differences appeared after 5 minutes on digit span forwards, spatial span backwards, and serial subtraction, with performance facilitated in the exposed group.
Croft R et al. · 2002
The study tested whether exposure to an active MP affects EEG as a function of time. MP exposure also altered early phase-locked neural responses, attenuating the normal response decrement over time in the 4-8 Hz band, decreasing the response in the 1230 Hz band globally and as a function of time, and increasing midline frontal and lateral posterior responses in the 30-45 Hz band.
Braune S, Riedel A, Schulte-Monting J, Raczek J. · 2002
The study investigated the hypothesis that exposure to EMFs can increase sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity. Forty healthy young males and females underwent a single-blind, placebo-controlled protocol on two different days with randomized EMF and placebo periods. The EMF exposure was a GSM-like signal at 900 MHz, pulsed with 217 Hz, 2 W, delivered by a mobile phone on the right side of the head. Blood pressure, heart rate, cutaneous capillary perfusion, and serum levels of norepinephrine, epinephrine, cortisol, and endothelin were measured. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased about 5 mmHg during the protocol, but the changes were independent of EMF exposure.
Beason RC, Semm P. · 2002
Researchers investigated the effects of a pulsed 900 MHz signal modulated at 217 Hz on avian brain neurons. The stimulation changed neural activity in more than half of the brain cells. 76% of responding cells increased their firing rates by an average of 3.5-fold. The remaining responding cells decreased their spontaneous activity rates. The authors suggested these responses indicate potential effects on humans using hand-held cellular phones.
Auvinen A, Hietanen M, Luukkonen R, Koskela R-S, · 2002
Researchers conducted a register-based case-control study on cellular phone use and cancer. The study included all cases of brain tumor (N = 398) and salivary gland cancer (N = 34) diagnosed in Finland in 1996, with five controls per case. Cellular phone use was not associated with brain tumors or salivary gland cancers overall. There was a weak association between gliomas and analog cellular phones.
Stagg RB et al. · 2001
Researchers exposed tube-restrained Fischer 344 rats to pulse-modulated 1.6 GHz Iridium cell phone fields at brain SARs of 0.16, 1.6 and 5 W/ kg for 2 hours. Core body temperature increased transiently by about 0.3 degrees C during the first 30 minutes of loose-tube restraint in conditioned animals. Immobilization alone caused a nearly 10-fold rise in ACTH and corticosterone in conditioned rats, and non-conditioned rats showed 3-10-fold higher hormone levels at 120 minutes. RF exposure did not change core body temperature, corticosterone, ACTH, or brain Odc, Fos, Jun mRNA compared with sham-exposed immobilized animals. The authors concluded that the pulse-modulated digital Iridium RF field at SARs up to 5 W/kg is incapable of altering these stress-related responses.
Sandstrom M, Wilen J, Oftedal G, Hansson Mild K · 2001
Researchers conducted an epidemiological investigation including 6379 GSM users and 5613 NMT 900 users in Sweden, and 2500 from each category in Norway. The adjusted odds ratio did not indicate any increased risk for symptoms for GSM users compared with NMT 900 users. However, a statistically significant lower risk for sensations of warmth on the ear was observed for GSM users compared with NMT 900 users. A statistically significant association was found between calling time or number of calls per day and the prevalence of warmth behind or around the ear, headaches, and fatigue.
