Hours M et al. · 2007
Cases were histologically confirmed or based on radiological images, and controls were matched for gender, age, and residence, drawn from electoral rolls. Detailed exposure information was collected via face-to-face interviews, and conditional logistic regression estimated odds ratios. Regular cell phone use was not associated with increased risk of neuroma, meningioma, or glioma. A tendency for increased glioma risk was observed among the heaviest users, but the study had limited statistical power and results need verification in the international analysis.
Hardell LO et al. · 2007
Researchers reviewed two cohort studies and 16 case-control studies on cellular phone use and brain tumour risk, focusing on use for 10 or more years and ipsilateral exposure. The cohort study was considered of limited value due to methodological shortcomings, and most case-control results were based on low numbers. Four case-control studies found an association with acoustic neuroma for at least 10 years' use, while six studies reported increased odds ratios for malignant brain tumours, especially for ipsilateral exposure. A meta-analysis found ipsilateral cell phone use for 10 or more years yielded an odds ratio of 2.4 for acoustic neuroma and 2.0 for glioma.
Hansson Mild K, Hardell L, Carlberg M. · 2007
The study presents a pooled analysis of two case-control studies on the association of brain tumours with mobile phone use. Use of analogue cellular phones increased the risk for acoustic neuroma by 5% per 100 hours of use. The risk increased for astrocytoma grade III-IV with latency period, with highest estimates for more than 10 years since first use. Risk increased per year of use for analogue phones by 10%, digital phones by 11%, and cordless phones by 8%. For all studied phone types, odds ratios for brain tumours, mainly acoustic neuroma and malignant brain tumours, increased with latency period, especially for astrocytoma grade III-IV.
Ha M, Im H, Lee M, Kim HJ, Kim BC, Gimm YM, Pack JK. · 2007
Researchers selected leukemia and brain cancer patients under age 15 and matched controls from 14 South Korean hospitals using the Medical Insurance Data System. Exposure to RFR from 31 AM transmitters of at least 20 kW was estimated using a GIS-based prediction program calibrated with measurements. The odds ratio for all leukemia was 2.15 for children within 2 km of the nearest transmitter versus those beyond 20 km. For total RFR exposure, lymphocytic leukemia odds ratios were 1.39 and 1.59 in the second and third quartiles versus the lowest, and brain cancer was not associated with AM RFR.
Arns M, Van Luijtelaar G, Sumich A, Hamilton R, Gordon E. · 2007
Researchers used standardized data from the Brain Resource International Database to examine the relationship between mobile phone usage, personality, and brain function in 300 participants. The findings suggest a subtle slowing of brain activity related to mobile phone use that is not explained by personality differences. These changes are still within normal physiological ranges. Better executive function in mobile phone users may reflect more focused attention, possibly associated with a cognitive training effect from frequently making phone calls in distracting places. Participants were divided into three groups based on the frequency and duration of their mobile phone usage.
Vecchio F et al. · 2007
Ten subjects underwent two EEG recordings separated by one week in a crossover double-blind paradigm. The mobile phone was held on the left side of the head by a modified helmet. Each session lasted 45 minutes with real GSM exposure in one session and sham in the other. GSM stimulation modulated interhemispheric frontal and temporal coherence at alpha2 and alpha3 bands compared to sham.
Parazzini M et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed 26 healthy young volunteers to 900 MHz GSM phone radiation and sham exposure in separate double-blind sessions. A rest-to-stand protocol assessed autonomic nervous system function during rest and after sympathetic activation. No statistically significant effect of EMF exposure was found on the main RR mean or most other heart rate variability parameters. A weak interaction between some time and frequency domain HRV parameters and RF exposure was observed around the sympathetic response to standing.
Barcal J, Vozeh F · 2007
ECoG evaluation showed a distinct shift to lower frequency components in wild type mice but only gentle differences in Lurcher mutant mice. Hippocampal rhythmicity showed gentle changes with increase of higher frequencies and changes in theta oscillations in both healthy and mutant mice.
Crouzier D et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed freely moving rats for 24 hours to a 1.8 GHz GSM radiofrequency signal at low power density. The study tracked acetylcholine release in the hippocampus, EEG, EMG, and subcutaneous temperature, and also analyzed brain lipid extracts using NMR after the animals were sacrificed. No significant changes in any measured parameter were observed under radiofrequency exposure, and the NMR study also failed to show any effect.
Bachmann M et al. · 2007
Researchers studied how the human brain's bioelectrical activity adapted to low-level microwave exposure in a group of 14 healthy volunteers. The volunteers were exposed to 450 MHz microwave radiation modulated at 40 Hz frequencies, with a field power density at the scalp of 0.16 mW/cm(2). Results showed that an initial increase in EEG power was compensated and even overcompensated, with adaptation effects apparent in alpha and beta rhythms.
Manikonda PK et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed rats to 50 Hz magnetic fields at 50 and 100 μT intensities for 90 days and then examined hippocampal tissue. Compared to controls, ELF exposure was associated with increased intracellular calcium levels and changes in the activity of several calcium-related enzymes. Binding to NMDA receptors was also found to be decreased in exposed rats. The researchers suggested that perturbed neuronal functions caused by ELF exposure may involve altered calcium signaling contributing to aberrant NMDA receptor activities.
Jadidi M et al. · 2007
Researchers used a water maze to evaluate how magnetic field exposure affects consolidation and retrieval of spatial memory in rats. Exposure to a 50 Hz, 8 mT magnetic field for 20 minutes immediately after training impaired retention performance, but exposure at 2 mT did not. Exposure given shortly before retention testing had no effect on performance.
Carrubba S, Frilot C, Chesson AL, Marino AA. · 2007
Regel SJ et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed the heads of 15 healthy male subjects for 30 min prior to sleep to a pulse-modulated EMF signal at different intensities or a sham condition, in a double-blind, crossover design. The active exposure levels used peak spatial specific absorption rates of 0.2 W kg–1 and 5 W kg–1. Sleep EEG analysis showed a dose-dependent increase of power in the spindle frequency range in non-REM sleep, while sleep architecture was not affected. Reaction speed slowed with increasing field intensity in the 1-back task, but accuracy in the CRT and N-back tasks was not affected in a dose-dependent manner.
Ning W, Xu SJ, Chiang H, Xu ZP, Zhou SY, Yang W, Luo JH · 2007
Researchers cultured hippocampal neurons from rats and exposed them to GSM 1800 MHz microwaves at either 2.4 or 0.8 W/kg for 15 minutes each day from DIV6 to DIV14. At 2.4 W/kg, the density and mobility of dendritic filopodia at DIV8 and the density of mature spines at DIV14 were significantly decreased, and the average length of dendrites per neuron at DIV10 and DIV14 was also decreased. Dendritic arborization was unaltered in the exposed neurons, and no significant changes were found in neurons exposed to 0.8 W/kg.
Meral I et al. · 2007
In brain tissue, the MDA level increased and GSH level and CAT enzyme activity decreased in EMF-exposed guinea pigs, while vitamins A, E, and D3 levels did not change. In blood, MDA, vitamins A, D3, and E levels, and CAT enzyme activity increased, while GSH level decreased in the EMF-exposed guinea pigs.
Kumlin T et al. · 2007
Researchers exposed young male Wistar rats to a 900 MHz mobile phone signal for 2 h/day on 5 days/week. After 5 weeks of exposure at whole-body average specific energy absorption rates of 0.3 or 3.0 W/kg or sham exposure, rats were assessed for behavioral and morphological changes. No degenerative changes, dying neurons, or effects on blood-brain barrier leakage were detected, and no group differences appeared in the open-field, plus maze, or acoustic startle response tests. In the water maze test, significantly improved learning and memory were detected in rats exposed to RF fields.
Hung CS, Anderson C, Horne JA, McEvoy P · 2007
Researchers exposed 10 healthy young adults to talk, listen, standby, or sham signal modes for 30 minutes, then gave them a 90-minute sleep opportunity. Sleep latency after talk mode was markedly and significantly delayed beyond listen and sham modes. This condition effect was also evident in 1–4 Hz EEG frontal power, a frequency range described as particularly sensitive to sleep onset. There was no condition effect for subjective sleepiness.
Brillaud E, Piotrowski A, de Seze R · 2007
Researchers measured GFAP expression in rat brains 2, 3, 6, and 10 days after a single 15-minute 900 MHz GSM exposure at a brain averaged SAR of 6 W/kg. A statistically significant increase in GFAP stained surface area was observed 2 days after exposure in the frontal cortex and the caudate putamen. A smaller statistically significant increase was noted 3 days after exposure in those same areas and in the cerebellum cortex. The researchers concluded this was a temporary effect, probably due to a hypertrophy of glial cells, and noted that whether the effect could be harmful remains to be studied.
Unknown authors · 2006
Researchers screened genes responsive to brief magnetism in cultured rat hippocampal neurons using differential display analysis. They identified Ntan1 as a magnetism-responsive gene in rat brain. Northern blot analysis showed that Ntan1 mRNA increased about three-fold after 3 hours in response to brief magnetism. Brief magnetism induced degradation of MAP2 without affecting cell morphology or viability, and this degradation was prevented by a selective inhibitor of the 26S proteasome. Overexpression of Ntan1 using a recombinant adenovirus vector decreased MAP2 protein expression in hippocampal neurons.
Unknown authors · 2006
Researchers conducted a cross-sectional study of 780 children aged 0-12 years in two areas of Ismailia, Egypt. The exposed group comprised 390 children living within 50 meters of high voltage power lines, and the control group comprised 390 children from another area. Standard anthropometric measurements and hand X-rays for bone maturation were performed. Exposed children showed significantly reduced head and chest circumferences and height at all ages, and a significant delay in carpal bone ossification.
Unknown authors · 2006
Initial reports indicated that exposure of chicken eggs during embryonic development to power-line electric fields of 50 and 60 Hz at 10 V/m in air could cause the brain tissues of the hatched chickens to respond differently in a particular test. More recently, an anecdotal report of human sensitivity to EMF has appeared that shows a health-related influence of prior exposure history to particular power-line frequencies in chemically sensitized individuals. These reports open the question of whether the ambient electromagnetic environment can leave an imprint on developing organisms and if such imprint changes have the potential for health consequences.
Yuasa K et al. · 2006
Researchers studied somatosensory evoked potentials in 12 normal volunteers before and after 30 minutes of mobile phone exposure compared with sham exposure. In 7 of the 12 volunteers, the recovery function of the somatosensory evoked potential was also measured. Neither the somatosensory evoked potentials nor their recovery function were affected by the mobile phone exposure or sham exposure.
Thorlin et al. · 2006
Researchers exposed cultured astroglial and microglial cells to 900 MHz microwave radiation at various SARs and durations. They measured markers including interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, glial fibrillary acidic protein, total protein, and ED-1. No significant differences were found for any parameter at any time or radiation characteristic. Total protein levels remained constant and cell morphology appeared unaffected. The study concluded no evidence for effects on damage-related factors in glial cells.
Schüz J et al. · 2006
Researchers followed a nationwide cohort of 420,095 Danish cellular telephone subscribers from 1982 to 1995 through 2002 for cancer incidence. A total of 14,249 cancers were observed with a standardized incidence ratio of 0.95 (95% CI 0.93 to 0.97) for men and women combined. Cellular telephone use was not associated with increased risk for brain tumors, acoustic neuromas, salivary gland tumors, eye tumors, or leukemias. Among long-term subscribers of 10 years or more, there was no increased risk for brain tumors and no trend with time since first subscription. Smoking-related cancer risk was decreased among men but increased among women.
