Schuz J et al. · 2006
Researchers conducted a population-based case-control study in Germany with 747 brain tumor cases and 1494 matched controls aged 30 to 69 years. Exposure was assessed by the location of a DECT cordless phone base station close to the bed as a proxy for continuous low-level radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure during the night. Estimated odds ratios were 0.82 (95% CI 0.29-2.33) for glioma and 0.83 (0.29-2.36) for meningioma, with no increasing risk observed with longer exposure duration.
Schuz J et al. · 2006
Researchers conducted a population-based case-control study in three German regions, enrolling 366 glioma cases, 381 meningioma cases, and 1,494 controls. Overall cellular phone use was not associated with brain tumor risk, with odds ratios of 0.98 for glioma and 0.84 for meningioma. Among long-term users of 10 or more years, glioma risk was elevated (odds ratio 2.20) but meningioma risk was not, and cordless phone use showed no association with either tumor.
Russo R et al. · 2006
The study tested 168 volunteers on three cognitive tasks: a simple reaction task, a vigilance task, and a subtraction task. Participants completed the tasks in two sessions, one with RF exposure (GSM or CW signals) and one with sham exposure. No significant effects of RF exposure on performance were found for either GSM or CW signals, regardless of phone position.
Regel SJ et al. · 2006
Researchers performed a controlled exposure experiment with 45-minute sessions at 0, 1, or 10 V/m in a randomized, double-blind crossover design with 117 healthy subjects including 33 self-reported sensitive and 84 nonsensitive subjects. In both groups, well-being and perceived field strength were not associated with actual exposure levels, and no consistent condition-induced changes in cognitive performance were observed except for two marginal effects. At 10 V/m a slight effect on speed in one of six tasks in sensitive subjects and an effect on accuracy in another task in nonsensitive subjects were observed, but both effects disappeared after multiple endpoint adjustment.
Muscat JE, Hinsvark M, Malkin M · 2006
Researchers analyzed time trends in age-adjusted incidence rates of adult neuronal cancers using SEER data from 1973 to 2002. The rates did not change during this period despite an exponential increase in mobile phone subscriptions starting in 1984. The results indicate that mobile phone use is unrelated to the risk of neuronal cancers.
Maby E, Jeannes Rle B, Faucon G · 2006
Researchers studied auditory evoked potentials in nine healthy subjects and six epileptic patients to determine localized effects of GSM microwaves. They used a support vector machine-based parameter selection method to estimate parameters most altered by radiofrequencies and computed the topography of modifications. Epileptic patients showed a lengthening of the N100 component in the frontal area contralateral to the radiation, while healthy subjects showed an amplitude increase of the P200 wave in the frontal area. The study suggests that radiofrequency fields emitted by mobile phones modify the AEP but found no direct link to RF-induced brain function damage.
Hamblin DL, Croft RJ, Wood AW, Stough C, Spong J. · 2006
Researchers tested 120 participants in a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover design with two sessions one week apart. In both sessions, participants performed auditory and visual oddball tasks while EEG was recorded with a mobile phone set to sham exposure mounted over the temporal region, and then performed the same tasks while the handset was set to active or sham. No significant differences were found between exposure conditions for any ERP component or reaction time.
Finnie JW, Cai Z, Blumbergs PC, Manavis J, Kuchel TR. · 2006
Researchers exposed pregnant mice to 900 MHz fields at 4 W/kg for 60 minutes daily from gestation day 1 to 19. Control mice were sham-exposed or freely mobile without restraint. Fetal brains were examined for c-fos expression in multiple regions using immunohistochemistry. No difference in c-fos immunoreactivity was found between exposed and control fetal brains.
Finnie JW, Blumbergs PC, Cai Z, Manavis J, Kuchel TR. · 2006
Pregnant mice were exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency fields at 4 W/kg for 60 minutes daily from gestational day 1 to day 19. Fetal brains were examined for albumin extravasation in multiple regions including cerebral cortex, thalamus, basal ganglia, hippocampus, cerebellum, midbrain and medulla. No albumin extravasation was found in exposed or control brains, indicating no increase in vascular permeability.
Verschaeve L et al. · 2006
Researchers investigated combined genotoxic effects of 900 MHz radiofrequency fields and the drinking water mutagen MX in female rats over two years. MX induced DNA damage in rat brain but not in blood or liver cells. Co-exposure to RF fields and MX did not significantly increase DNA damage in blood, liver, or brain compared to MX alone. The study used alkaline comet assay and micronucleus tests on samples taken at multiple time points.
Túnez I et al. · 2006
Researchers investigated the effect of transcranial magnetic field stimulation on free radical production and neuronal cell loss caused by 3-nitropropionic acid in rats. 3-nitropropionic acid induced oxidative and nitrosative stress in the striatum and prompted cell loss. Transcranial magnetic stimulation prevented the harmful effects induced by the acid.
Vrijheid M, Deltour I, Krewski D, Sanchez M, Cardis E. · 2006
The study used Monte Carlo simulations within the INTERPHONE study to examine how recall errors and selection bias affect case-control studies of mobile phone use and cancer. Results suggest that random recall errors of plausible levels can lead to a large underestimation of brain cancer risk, and random errors were found to have a larger impact than plausible systematic errors. Selection bias from underselecting unexposed controls produced J-shaped exposure-response patterns where risk appeared to decrease at low to moderate exposure levels.
Vrijheid M et al. · 2006
Papageorgiou CC et al. · 2006
Exposure increased the amplitude of P50 evoked by low-frequency stimuli at the Fp1 and O1 electrode leads. Exposure decreased the amplitude of P50 evoked by high-frequency stimuli at the Fp1 electrode lead.
Lopez-Martin E et al. · 2006
The study investigated effects of mobile-phone-type radiation on cerebral activity of seizure-prone animals. Rats pretreated with subconvulsive picrotoxin and exposed to 2 hours of GSM-modulated 900 MHz radiation suffered seizures and showed markedly increased c-Fos levels in neocortex, paleocortex, hippocampus and thalamus. Non-irradiated picrotoxin-treated rats did not suffer seizures and had significantly lower c-Fos counts. Radiation caused no such differences in rats not pretreated with picrotoxin.
Krause CM et al. · 2006
Researchers collected EEG data from 15 children aged 10 to 14 years while they performed an auditory memory task with and without exposure to a 902 MHz mobile phone in counterbalanced order. During memory encoding, the active mobile phone modulated event-related desynchronization and synchronization responses in the approximately 4 to 8 Hz EEG frequencies. During recognition, the active mobile phone transformed brain oscillatory responses in the approximately 4 to 8 Hz and approximately 15 Hz frequencies.
Kim SC, Nam KC, Kim DW. · 2006
The model used parameters such as daily usage time, total usage period, hands-free usage, antenna extension, phone SAR, and flip or folder type. The estimated exposure levels could allow epidemiologists to divide subjects into exposed and nonexposed groups for future brain cancer studies, provided more knowledge about usage patterns and exposure is available.
Keetley V, Wood AW, Spong J, Stough C. · 2006
The study compared the performance of 120 volunteers on eight neuropsychological tests during real or sham exposure to a digital mobile phone at maximum permissible radiofrequency power output. Results were adjusted for gender, age, and education, revealing several alterations at p<0.05. Simple and choice reaction times showed strong evidence of impairment. Trail Making Task performance improved, supporting the hypothesis that digital mobile phone radiofrequency emissions improve the speed of processing of information held in working memory.
Horberry T, Anderson J, Regan MA, Triggs TJ, Brown J. · 2006
The two tasks were operating the vehicle entertainment system and conducting a simulated hands-free mobile phone conversation. Both tasks degraded overall driving performance, degraded responses to hazards, and increased subjective workload. Performance decrements occurred in both simple and complex highway environments and across age groups. Older drivers traveled at lower mean speeds in the complex highway environment compared with younger drivers.
Hardell L, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K. · 2006
Two case-control studies on malignant brain tumours diagnosed during 1997-2003 included answers from 905 cases and 2,162 controls aged 20-80 years, and the results were pooled. Cumulative lifetime use exceeding 2,000 hours yielded odds ratios of 5.9 for analogue cellular phones, 3.7 for digital cellular phones, and 2.3 for cordless phones. Ipsilateral exposure increased the risk for malignant brain tumours with odds ratios of 2.1 for analogue, 1.8 for digital, and 1.7 for cordless phones. For high-grade astrocytoma with more than 10 years latency, analogue phones yielded an odds ratio of 2.7, digital phones 3.8, and cordless phones 2.2.
Hardell L, Carlberg M, Hansson Mild K. · 2006
Researchers conducted a pooled analysis of two case-control studies on benign brain tumours diagnosed during 1997-2003, including 1,254 cases and 2,162 controls aged 20-80 years. For acoustic neuroma, analogue cellular phones gave an odds ratio of 2.9 (95% CI 2.0-4.3), digital phones an odds ratio of 1.5 (95% CI 1.1-2.1), and cordless phones an odds ratio of 1.5 (95% CI 1.04-2.0). For meningioma, the odds ratios were 1.3 (95% CI 0.99-1.7) for analogue phones, 1.1 (95% CI 0.9-1.3) for digital phones, and 1.1 (95% CI 0.9-1.4) for cordless phones.
Hardell, L., Carlberg, M., Mild, K., 2005. · 2006
Researchers conducted a case-control study of cellular and cordless telephone use and malignant brain tumors diagnosed from 2000 to 2003, including 317 cases and 692 controls. Analog phone use had an odds ratio of 2.6, increasing to 3.5 after a latency period exceeding ten years. Cordless phone use had an odds ratio of 2.1, increasing to 2.9 after a latency period exceeding ten years. The odds ratio increased with cumulative hours of use and was highest for high-grade astrocytoma.
Ferreri F et al. · 2006
Fifteen male volunteers participated in two sessions one week apart with real or sham GSM mobile phone exposure for 45 minutes in a cross-over, double-blind design. Motor evoked potentials were recorded using a paired-pulse paradigm before and after exposure to assess intracortical excitability. Real exposure significantly modified the intracortical excitability curve with reduced short intracortical inhibition and enhanced intracortical facilitation in the exposed hemisphere compared to the non-exposed hemisphere or sham exposure. Tympanic temperature showed no significant changes during exposure.
Faucon G, Le Bouquin Jeannes R, Maby E. · 2006
Nine healthy subjects and six temporal epileptic patients were exposed to radiofrequencies emitted by a GSM mobile phone while EEG signals were recorded with surface electrodes. For healthy subjects, EEG spectral energy decreased on the studied frequency band [0-40 Hz] and more precisely on occipital electrodes for the alpha-band. For epileptic patients, modifications were demonstrated by an increase of the power spectral density of the EEG signal. The authors noted that these biological effects on the EEG are not sufficient to put forward an electrophysiological hypothesis.
Eliyahu I et al. · 2006
Thirty-six healthy right-handed men performed four cognitive tasks under right-side, left-side, and sham exposure conditions. The study used a standard GSM phone at 890 MHz operated at full power via a base station simulator. Left-side exposure slowed left-hand response time in the later experimental period, an effect seen in three of four tasks but highly significant in only one. The exposure intensity and duration exceeded typical cell phone user exposure.
