Zhou Z, Shan J, Zu J, Chen Z, Ma W, Li L, Xu J. · 2016
At day 4 of incubation, 76 normally developing chick embryos were divided into a control group of 39 and a radiation group of 37, with the radiation group exposed to mobile phone radiation for 10 hours each day from day 4 to 19 of incubation. Behavioral tests were performed 4 days after hatching, followed by T2-weighted MR imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. Compared with controls, chicks in the radiation group showed significantly slower aggregation responses, lower belongingness, and weaker vocalization. No significant differences were found for brain size and structural maturity except for cerebellum size, which was significantly smaller in the radiation group. The hatching and heteroplasia rates did not differ significantly between groups.
López-Furelos A et al. · 2016
Forty rats were divided into four groups of ten. Twenty-four hours after exposure, HSP 90 and HSP 70 levels differed between cerebral hemispheres at high SAR, while caspase-3 did not. In cerebellar hemispheres, single RF exposure at high SAR altered HSP 90, HSP 70, and caspase-3 compared with controls. The combined signals did not produce additive effects on absorbed energy or biological outcomes.
Chapman S, Azizi L, Luo Q, Sitas F. · 2016
Researchers examined age and gender specific brain cancer incidence rates for 19,858 males and 14,222 females diagnosed in Australia between 1982 and 2012 alongside mobile phone usage data from 1987 to 2012. Age-adjusted brain cancer incidence rates were stable in females and rose slightly in males over the 30-year period. Modelled expected rates assuming a causal relative risk of 1.5 with a 10-year lag were substantially higher than observed rates in 2012, with 1434 cases observed versus 1867 expected. Significant increases in incidence were seen only in people aged 70 years and older, and this increase began in 1982 before mobile phones were introduced.
Rostami A et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed male rats to 3 Hz and 60 Hz ELF/EMF using a protocol of two cycles of 2 hours per day for four days with a two-day interval. Immediately after exposure, locomotor activity was significantly lower in both exposed groups compared with sham-exposed rats. The exposure did not change anxiety-like behavior or short-term memory over the following two weeks. Electrophysiological recording showed a significant reduction in locus coeruleus firing rate after two hours of exposure. Proteomic analysis indicated global changes in the whole brain proteome after treatment.
Ambalayam S, Jain S, Mathur R. · 2016
Researchers divided 44 male Wistar rats into groups including sham, spinal cord injury, injury with magnetic field exposure, ventromedial hypothalamus lesion, lesion after injury, and lesion after injury with magnetic field exposure. Magnetic field exposure improved the study parameters, reduced c-Fos immunoreactivity in the ventromedial hypothalamus, reduced lesion volume, and increased myelination and neuronal regeneration at the injury site.
Kerimoğlu G et al. · 2016
Eighteen male Sprague Dawley rats aged 21 days were randomly assigned to control, sham, and EMF groups. The EMF group received a 900-MHz field for one hour each day throughout adolescence while the sham group was placed in the same cage without exposure. The EMF-exposed rats had fewer pyramidal neurons, more pyknotic neurons, higher malondialdehyde and glutathione levels, and lower catalase levels than the other groups.
Yang L, Chen Q, Lv B, Wu T · 2016
Researchers evaluated changes in EEG due to LTE EMF exposure. Exposure reduced spectral power and interhemispheric coherence in the alpha and beta bands of frontal and temporal brain regions. No significant change was observed in spectral power and interhemispheric coherence across different timeslots during and after exposure.
Odacı E et al. · 2016
Purkinje cell numbers in the cerebellum of 32-day-old female offspring were significantly lower in the EMF group compared to both control and sham groups. Pathological changes including pyknotic neurons with dark cytoplasm were observed in the EMF group.
Mugunthan N et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed 36 mice to 2G mobile phone radiation for 48 minutes per day over 30 to 180 days. Neuron density was significantly lower in the CA1, CA2, and DGDB regions of exposed mice from the first to sixth month. Neuron density was significantly higher in the CA3 and DGVB regions of exposed mice. Nuclear diameter of neurons was lower in all studied hippocampal regions of exposed mice from the first to sixth month.
Kim JY, Kim HJ, Kim N, Kwon JH, Park MJ · 2016
The study examined how radiofrequency radiation affects glutamate-induced oxidative stress in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. RF exposure alone marginally affected cell proliferation but significantly increased glutamate-induced cytotoxicity. Glutamate raised ROS levels and RF exposure further increased ROS production. NAC treatment completely abrogated glutamate- and RF-induced ROS production and cell death, restoring cell proliferation. Treatment with a JNK inhibitor restored cell proliferation.
Choi Y-J, Choi Y-S · 2016
Male mice were exposed for 9 weeks and female mice for 11 weeks to smartphone electromagnetic radiation. Spatial working memory was tested with a Y maze and hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation was measured using BrdU labeling. After 9 weeks there was no significant difference in spontaneous alternation scores or hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation between exposed and control mice.
Bouji M, Lecomte A, Gamez C, Blazy K, Villégier AS. · 2016
Researchers exposed aged (22–24 months) and young (4–6 months) adult male rats to head RF-EMF exposures at 900 MHz, with a specific absorption rate of 6 W/kg, for 45 minutes per day for 1 month. Aged rats showed deficits in spatial learning, exploration, anxiety-related behaviors, and increased hippocampal ILs and cortical IL-1β. The senescence-typical neurobiological deficits were not modified by RF-EMF exposures, and the study did not support the hypothesis of a specific cerebral vulnerability to RF-EMF during senescence. RF-EMF-exposed rats, with young and aged adults pooled, had decreased anxiety-related behaviors in the elevated plus maze.
Şahin D et al. · 2016
The main finding was increased oxidative DNA damage in the brain after 10 days of exposure, while after 40 days oxidative DNA damage was decreased compared to control groups. A decreased level of the lipid peroxidation marker MDA was also observed after 40 days of exposure.
Esmekaya MA et al. · 2016
Researchers studied whether cellular phone radiation affects oxidative stress and nitric oxide levels in mouse brain during epileptic seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Eight-week-old mice were divided into groups: a PTZ-only control group, a group exposed to 15 minutes of radiation before and 30 minutes after PTZ treatment, and a group exposed to 30 minutes of radiation before and 30 minutes after PTZ treatment. Lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels increased significantly in the radiation-exposed groups compared to the control group, while glutathione levels were significantly lower in those same groups.
Yin C, Luo X, Duan Y, Duan W, Zhang H, He Y, Sun G, Sun X · 2016
Researchers investigated whether lotus seedpod procyanidins (LSPCs) could protect primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons from extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF)-induced neurotoxicity. ELF-EMF exposure significantly decreased cell viability and increased the number of apoptotic cells compared with control. LSPCs evidently protected the hippocampal neurons against ELF-EMF-induced cell damage, and the researchers concluded this occurred through inhibiting oxidative stress and a mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
Yang LL et al. · 2016
Researchers investigated whether electromagnetic pulse (EMP) exposure could activate brain microglia via the p38 MAPK pathway in rats. The expression of OX-42, a marker of microglia activation, increased significantly at 1, 6 and 12 hours after EMP exposure, then recovered to sham group levels at 24 hours. Levels of NO, TNF-α and IL-10 also changed significantly in vivo and in vitro after EMP exposure. Results suggested that EMP exposure at 200 kV/m, 200 pulses could activate microglia in rat brain and affect its secretory function, with the p38 pathway involved.
Luo X et al. · 2016
Researchers tested whether lotus seedpod procyanidins (LSPCs) could protect mice against oxidative stress caused by extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) exposure. Mice were exposed to ELF-EMF at 8 mT, 4 hours per day for 28 consecutive days, and blood and cerebral cortex were analyzed for antioxidant indices. LSPCs treatment augmented SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GR and GST activity and significantly lowered MDA levels.
Hu Y et al. · 2016
Gok DK et al. · 2016
Researchers divided Wistar albino female rats into four groups: a control group, a prenatal-exposure group, a postnatal-exposure group, and a combined prenatal-plus-postnatal-exposure group. Pregnant rats in the prenatal and combined groups were exposed to a 50 Hz electric field at 12 kV/m for 1 hour per day during pregnancy, while postnatal animals were exposed for 68 days after birth. The latencies of visual evoked potential components were significantly prolonged in all exposed groups compared with controls. Retina TBARS levels, a marker of lipid peroxidation, were significantly elevated in all experimental groups compared with controls.
Duong CN, Kim JY · 2016
Researchers studied whether EMF exposure could protect a human microglial cell line, HMO6, from cell death caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), a model of ischemic injury. HMO6 cells were cultured for 4 hours under OGD with or without exposure to EMF at different combinations of frequencies and intensities, and cell survival, intracellular calcium, and ROS levels were measured. Among the combinations tested, 50 Hz/1 mT EMF was the most potent at reducing OGD-induced cell death and lowering intracellular calcium and ROS levels. A significant but less potent protective effect was also found at 10 Hz/1 mT, while no protective effect was found at other combinations.
Benassi B et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed SH-SY5Y cells to an extremely low frequency magnetic field set up to reproduce environmental prolonged exposure to ELF-MF (50 Hz, 1 mT) and then treated the cells with the pro-Parkinson's toxin MPP+. ELF-MF alone did not affect cell survival, shape, or morphology, but it did significantly impair redox homeostasis and thiol content, triggering an increase in protein carbonylation. When MPP+ was added to ELF-MF-exposed cells, toxicity was highly enhanced, with significant increases in ROS levels, oxidative damage, and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Pre-incubation with the thiol antioxidants N-acetyl-L-cysteine and GSH ethyl-ester significantly reduced oxidative damage and protected cells from death caused by the combined ELF-MF/MPP+ treatment.
Ansari AM et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed male adult NMRI mice to an extremely low frequency magnetic field at 0.5 mT and 50 Hz, either as a single 2-hour session or for 2 hours a day over 2 weeks. Depressive-like behavior was measured using the Forced Swimming Test, which records immobility time. Long-term exposure significantly reduced immobility time, while short-term exposure did not alter it.
Akpınar D et al. · 2016
Researchers exposed rats to an electric field at 12 kV/m for 1 hour per day, dividing them into control, prenatal, postnatal, and prenatal-plus-postnatal groups. The mismatch negativity amplitude was decreased in all exposed groups compared with the control group. Levels of 4-HNE, a marker of lipid peroxidation, were significantly increased in the postnatal group compared with the control group, while protein carbonyl levels were significantly decreased in the prenatal-plus-postnatal group compared with the control, prenatal, and postnatal groups.
Sırav B, Seyhan N · 2016
Researchers used young adult male and female Wistar albino rats to investigate whether pulse modulated 900 MHz and 1800 MHz radio-frequency radiation affects the permeability of the blood-brain barrier. Permeability was measured by quantifying Evans blue dye that passed into the brain after intravenous injection. In both male radio-frequency radiation exposed groups, blood-brain barrier permeability was found to be increased compared with controls, with 1800 MHz found more effective in males. For female rats, 900 MHz exposure was associated with increased permeability, but no statistical difference was found between the 1800 MHz exposed and control groups.
Nirwane A, Sridhar V, Majumdar A · 2016
